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Original Articles

Working Memory Involvement in Propositional and Spatial Reasoning

Pages 9-47 | Published online: 24 Sep 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (22)

Weihua Dong, Qi Ying, Tianyu Yang, Lin Zhu, Yu Liu & Xiaohong Wan. (2023) Geography education improves spatial ability: evidence from fMRI and behavioral experiments. Cartography and Geographic Information Science 50:3, pages 289-305.
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Kevin Demiddele, Tom Heyman & Walter Schaeken. (2021) Schoolchildren’s transitive reasoning with the spatial relation ‘is left/right of’. Thinking & Reasoning 27:4, pages 479-509.
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Jelica Nejasmic, Leandra Bucher & Markus Knauff. (2015) The construction of spatial mental models—A new view on the continuity effect. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 68:9, pages 1794-1812.
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AlisonM. Bacon, SimonJ. Handley, Ian Dennis & StephenE. Newstead. (2008) Reasoning strategies: the role of working memory and verbal-spatial ability. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 20:6, pages 1065-1086.
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JuanA. García-Madruga, Francisco Gutiérrez, Nuria Carriedo, JoséM. Luzón & JoséO. Vila. (2007) Mental models in propositional reasoning and working memory's central executive. Thinking & Reasoning 13:4, pages 370-393.
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Ineke Imbo, Sandrine Duverne & Patrick Lemaire. (2007) Working memory, strategy execution, and strategy selection in mental arithmetic. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 60:9, pages 1246-1264.
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Klaus Oberauer, Andrea Weidenfeld & Robin Hörnig. (2006) Working memory capacity and the construction of spatial mental models in comprehension and deductive reasoning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 59:2, pages 426-447.
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JacquelineP. Leighton. (2006) Teaching and Assessing Deductive Reasoning Skills. The Journal of Experimental Education 74:2, pages 107-136.
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Wim De Neys, Walter Schaeken & Géry d'Ydewalle. (2005) Working memory and everyday conditional reasoning: Retrieval and inhibition of stored counterexamples. Thinking & Reasoning 11:4, pages 349-381.
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Wim De Neys, Walter Schaeken & Géry d'Ydewalle. (2005) Working memory and counterexample retrieval for causal conditionals. Thinking & Reasoning 11:2, pages 123-150.
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André Vandierendonck, Vicky Dierckx & Gino De Vooght. (2004) Mental model construction in linear reasoning: Evidence for the construction of initial annotated models. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 57:8, pages 1369-1391.
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Markus Knauff, Gerhard Strube, Corinne Jola, Reinhold Rauh & Christoph Schlieder. (2004) The Psychological Validity of Qualitative Spatial Reasoning in One Dimension. Spatial Cognition & Computation 4:2, pages 167-188.
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Alison Capon, Simon Handley & Ian Dennis. (2003) Working memory and reasoning: An individual differences perspective. Thinking & Reasoning 9:3, pages 203-244.
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Wouter Duyck, André Vandierendonck & Gino De Vooght. (2003) Conditional reasoning with a spatial content requires visuo-spatial working memory. Thinking & Reasoning 9:3, pages 267-287.
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Jean-Baptiste Van der Henst. (2002) Mental model theory versus the inference rule approach in relational reasoning. Thinking & Reasoning 8:3, pages 193-203.
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Henry Markovits, Celine Doyon & Michael Simoneau. (2002) Individual differences in working memory and conditional reasoning with concrete and abstract content. Thinking & Reasoning 8:2, pages 97-107.
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Jeremy D. Quayle & Linden J. Ball. (2000) Working memory, metacognitive uncertainty, and belief bias in syllogistic reasoning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 53:4, pages 1202-1223.
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Karl Christoph Klauer, Thorsten Meiser & Birgit Naumer. (2000) Training propositional reasoning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 53:3, pages 868-895.
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Walter Schaeken & Philip N. Johnson-Laird. (2000) Strategies in temporal reasoning. Thinking & Reasoning 6:3, pages 193-219.
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K.J. Gilhooly, R.H. Logie & V. Wynn. (1999) Syllogistic Reasoning Tasks, Working Memory, and Skill. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 11:4, pages 473-498.
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K.J. Gilhooly, L.H. Phillips, V. Wynn, R.H. Logie & S. Della Sala. (1999) Planning Processes and Age in the Five-disc Tower of London Task. Thinking & Reasoning 5:4, pages 339-361.
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Andre Vandierendonck Gino De Vooght. (1997) Working Memory Constraints on Linear Reasoning with Spatial and Temporal Contents. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 50:4, pages 803-820.
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Articles from other publishers (47)

Anna-Lena Schubert, Christoph Löffler, Kathrin Sadus, Jan Göttmann, Johanna Hein, Pauline Schröer, Antonia Teuber & Dirk Hagemann. (2023) Working memory load affects intelligence test performance by reducing the strength of relational item bindings and impairing the filtering of irrelevant information. Cognition 236, pages 105438.
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Dirk Hagemann, Max Ihmels, Nico Bast, Andreas B. Neubauer, Andrea Schankin & Anna-Lena Schubert. (2023) Fluid Intelligence Is (Much) More than Working Memory Capacity: An Experimental Analysis. Journal of Intelligence 11:4, pages 70.
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Johanne S. K. Nedergaard, Mikkel Wallentin & Gary Lupyan. (2022) Verbal interference paradigms: A systematic review investigating the role of language in cognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 30:2, pages 464-488.
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Robert A. Cortes, Adam B. Weinberger & Adam E. Green. (2023) The Mental Models Training App: Enhancing verbal reasoning through a cognitive training mobile application. Frontiers in Psychology 14.
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Cristian A. Rojas-Barahona, Sergio Moreno-Ríos, Juan A. García-Madruga & Carla E. Förster. (2021) Content of relationship, number of alternatives and working memory capacity in conditional inferences. Current Psychology 42:8, pages 6468-6483.
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Daniela Gühne, Philipp Doebler, David M. Condon, Fang Luo & Luning Sun. (2021) Validity and Reliability of Automatically Generated Propositional Reasoning Items. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 37:4, pages 325-339.
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Robert A. Cortes, Adam B. Weinberger, Griffin A. Colaizzi, Grace F. Porter, Emily L. Dyke, Holly O. Keaton, Dakota L. Walker & Adam E. Green. (2021) What Makes Mental Modeling Difficult? Normative Data for the Multidimensional Relational Reasoning Task. Frontiers in Psychology 12.
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Hanna Grimm, Maria Todorova & Kornelia Möller. (2020) Schülervorstellungen in einem inquiry-orientierten Sachunterricht verändern – Besteht ein Zusammenhang mit der Förderung adäquaten Schlussfolgerns?Changes in Students’ Conceptions in Inquiry-Oriented Primary Science Classes—Is There a Connection to the Promotion of Logical Reasoning?. Zeitschrift für Didaktik der Naturwissenschaften 26:1, pages 37-51.
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Zhengliang Liu, R. Jordan Crouser & Alvitta Ottley. (2020) Survey on Individual Differences in Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum 39:3, pages 693-712.
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Rachel G. Stephens, John C. Dunn, Brett K. Hayes & Michael L. Kalish. (2020) A test of two processes: The effect of training on deductive and inductive reasoning. Cognition 199, pages 104223.
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Richard J. May, Ian Stewart, Luisa Baez, Gary Freegard & Simon Dymond. (2017) Arbitrarily applicable spatial relational responding. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 107:2, pages 234-257.
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André Vandierendonck. (2016) A Working Memory System With Distributed Executive Control. Perspectives on Psychological Science 11:1, pages 74-100.
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Magda L. Dumitru. (2015) Coherence across consciousness levels: Symmetric visual displays spare working memory resources. Consciousness and Cognition 38, pages 139-149.
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P.N. Johnson-Laird, Sangeet S. Khemlani & Geoffrey P. Goodwin. (2015) Logic, probability, and human reasoning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 19:4, pages 201-214.
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Alison M. Bacon & Simon J. Handley. (2014) Reasoning and Dyslexia: is Visual Memory a Compensatory Resource?. Dyslexia 20:4, pages 330-345.
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Dawn G. Blasko, Heather C. Lum, Matthew M. White & Holly Blasko Drabik. 2014. Psychology, Pedagogy, and Assessment in Serious Games. Psychology, Pedagogy, and Assessment in Serious Games 153 174 .
Christin Robisch & Kornelia Möller. 2014. Individuelle Förderung und Lernen in der Gemeinschaft. Individuelle Förderung und Lernen in der Gemeinschaft 154 157 .
Nicole Lovato, Leon Lack, Helen Wright, Eva Kemps, Megan Cant & Joanne Humphreys. (2013) A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF A COMPUTERIZED WORKING MEMORY TASK 1 . Perceptual and Motor Skills, pages 130620095853001.
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Ketti Mazzocco, Anna Maria Cherubini & Paolo Cherubini. (2013) On the short horizon of spontaneous iterative reasoning in logical puzzles and games. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 121:1, pages 24-40.
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Nicole Lovato, Leon Lack, Helen Wright, Eva Kemps, Megan Cant & Joanne Humphreys. (2013) A Preliminary Assessment of the Reliability and Validity of a Computerized Working Memory Task. Perceptual and Motor Skills 116:2, pages 368-381.
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Vince Kellen, Susy Chan & Xiaowen Fang. 2013. Human-Computer Interaction. Users and Contexts of Use. Human-Computer Interaction. Users and Contexts of Use 183 192 .
Maggie E. Toplak, Richard F. West & Keith E. Stanovich. 2012. Enhancing the Quality of Learning. Enhancing the Quality of Learning 51 92 .
Hye-Sang Chang & Janet M. Gibson. (2011) The Odd–Even Effect in Sudoku Puzzles: Effects of Working Memory, Aging, and Experience. The American Journal of Psychology 124:3, pages 313-324.
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David Sands & Tina Overton. (2010) Cognitive psychology and problem solving in the physical sciences. New Directions:6, pages 21-25.
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Jarosław Orzechowski. 2010. Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition. Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition 353 368 .
Jean-Baptiste Van der Henst, Coralie Chevallier, Walter Schaeken, Hugo Mercier & Ira Noveck. (2007) Dealing with indeterminacy in spatial descriptions. Psychological Research 72:5, pages 553-566.
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Krista E. DeLeeuw & Mary Hegarty. 2008. Diagrammatic Representation and Inference. Diagrammatic Representation and Inference 89 102 .
Georg Jahn, Markus Knauff & P. N. Johnson-Laird. (2007) Preferred mental models in reasoning about spatial relations. Memory & Cognition 35:8, pages 2075-2087.
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André Vandierendonck, Vicky Dierckx & Hannelore Van der Beken. 2006. Mental Models and the Mind - Current Developments in Cognitive Psychology, Neuroscience, and Philosophy of Mind. Mental Models and the Mind - Current Developments in Cognitive Psychology, Neuroscience, and Philosophy of Mind 53 84 .
James A. Waltz. 2010. Cognitive Limitations in Aging and Psychopathology. Cognitive Limitations in Aging and Psychopathology 346 376 .
David Galbraith, Sheila Ford, Gillian Walker & Jessica Ford. (2005) The Contribution of Different Components of Working Memory to Knowledge Transformation During Writing. L1-Educational Studies in Language and Literature 5:2, pages 113-145.
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Geoffrey P. Goodwin & P. N. Johnson-Laird. (2005) Reasoning about relations.. Psychological Review 112:2, pages 468-493.
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Niki Verschueren, Walter Schaeken & Gery d’Ydewalle. (2005) Everyday conditional reasoning: A working memory—dependent tradeoff between counterexample and likelihood use. Memory & Cognition 33:1, pages 107-119.
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Paolo Cherubini & Alberto Mazzocco. (2004) From models to rules: mechanization of reasoning as a way to cope with cognitive overloading in combinatorial problems. Acta Psychologica 116:3, pages 223-243.
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Aidan Feeney, John Adams, Lara Webber & Michael Ewbank. 2004. Diagrammatic Representation and Inference. Diagrammatic Representation and Inference 271 285 .
David Z. Hambrick & Randall W. Engle. 2012. The Psychology of Problem Solving. The Psychology of Problem Solving 176 206 .
Christian C. Ruff, Markus Knauff, Thomas Fangmeier & Joachim Spreer. (2003) Reasoning and working memory: common and distinct neuronal processes. Neuropsychologia 41:9, pages 1241-1253.
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Markus Knauff & P. N. Johnson-Laird. (2002) Visual imagery can impede reasoning. Memory & Cognition 30:3, pages 363-371.
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Markus Knauff & Gerhard Strube. (2002) Anschauliches Denken und Arbeitsgedächtnis:. Psychologische Rundschau 53:2, pages 49-60.
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Markus Knauff, Thomas Mulack, Jan Kassubek, Helmut R Salih & Mark W Greenlee. (2002) Spatial imagery in deductive reasoning: a functional MRI study. Cognitive Brain Research 13:2, pages 203-212.
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Philip N. Johnson-Laird. (2001) Mental models and deduction. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 5:10, pages 434-442.
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Thorsten Meiser, Karl Christoph Klauer & Birgit Naumer. (2001) Propositional reasoning and working memory: the role of prior training and pragmatic content. Acta Psychologica 106:3, pages 303-327.
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James A. Waltz, Albert Lau, Sara K. Grewal & Keith J. Holyoak. (2000) The role of working memory in analogical mapping. Memory & Cognition 28:7, pages 1205-1212.
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Karl Christoph Klauer, Thorsten Meiser & Birgit Naumer. 2000. Generative Mental Processes and Cognitive Resources. Generative Mental Processes and Cognitive Resources 39 66 .
P. N. Johnson-Laird. (1999) DEDUCTIVE REASONING. Annual Review of Psychology 50:1, pages 109-135.
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Karl Christoph Klauer. (2015) Visuelle und räumliche Interferenzen beim SchlußfolgernVisual and Spatial Interference in Deductive Reasoning. Kognitionswissenschaft 7:1, pages 11-18.
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Gino De Vooght & André Vandierendonck. (2015) Spatial Mental Models in Linear ReasoningRäumliche mentale Modelle und lineare Syllogismen. Kognitionswissenschaft 7:1, pages 5-10.
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