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Laterality
Asymmetries of Brain, Behaviour, and Cognition
Volume 14, 2009 - Issue 5
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Original Articles

Digit ratio (2D:4D) and hand preference for writing in the BBC Internet Study

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Pages 528-540 | Received 02 Sep 2008, Published online: 06 Aug 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (8)

Gareth Richards, Sarah E. Medland & Alan A. Beaton. (2021) Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handedness: A meta-analysis of the available literature. Laterality 26:4, pages 421-484.
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Joseph Baker, Ann-Marie Kungl, Jan Pabst, Bernd Strauß, Dirk Büsch & Jörg Schorer. (2013) Your fate is in your hands? Handedness, digit ratio (2D:4D), and selection to a national talent development system. Laterality 18:6, pages 710-718.
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Sunil Vasu Kalmady, Sri Mahavir Agarwal, Venkataram Shivakumar, Dania Jose, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian & Y. C. Janardhan Reddy. (2013) Revisiting Geschwind's hypothesis on brain lateralisation: A functional MRI study of digit ratio (2D:4D) and sex interaction effects on spatial working memory. Laterality 18:5, pages 625-640.
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Randy Hill, Ben Simpson, John Manning & Liam Kilduff. (2012) Right–left digit ratio (2D:4D) and maximal oxygen uptake. Journal of Sports Sciences 30:2, pages 129-134.
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Zlatislav Stoyanov, Piareta Nikolova & Irina Pashalieva. (2011) Season of birth, Geschwind and Galaburda hypothesis, and handedness. Laterality 16:5, pages 607-619.
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Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Rashmi Arasappa, NarenP. Rao & BangaloreN. Gangadhar. (2011) Digit ratio (2D:4D) asymmetry and Schneiderian first rank symptoms: Implications for cerebral lateralisation theories of schizophrenia. Laterality 16:4, pages 499-512.
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AlanA. Beaton, Nick Rudling, Christian Kissling, Regine Taurines & Johannes Thome. (2011) Digit ratio (2D:4D), salivary testosterone, and handedness. Laterality 16:2, pages 136-155.
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Articles from other publishers (48)

John T. Manning, Bernhard Fink & Robert Trivers. (2023) Digit Ratio (2D:4D; Right-Left 2D:4D) and Multiple Phenotypes for Same-Sex Attraction: The BBC Internet Study Revisited. Archives of Sexual Behavior.
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Bernd Lenz, Sarah Gerhardt, Rafat Boroumand-Jazi, Anna Eichler, Verena Nadine Buchholz, Peter A. Fasching, Johannes Kornhuber, Tobias Banaschewski, Herta Flor, Stella Guldner, Maren Prignitz & Frauke Nees. (2022) Sex-specific association between prenatal androgenization (second-to-fourth digit length ratio) and frontal brain volumes in adolescents. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 273:6, pages 1243-1254.
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Denisa Cristina Lupu, Ignacio Monedero, Claudia Rodriguez-Ruiz, Miguel Pita & Enrique Turiegano. (2023) In support of 2D:4D: More data exploring its conflicting results on handedness, sexual orientation and sex differences. PLOS ONE 18:8, pages e0280514.
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Xueqi Yan, Aiqing Zhu, Yexing Li, Ziyi Yang, Yuteng Wang, Li Liu, Wei Liu, Dan Liu, Fenghua Li, Juan Du, Fang Cheng, Xueying Gao & Junli Zhao. (2023) Systematical assessment of digit ratio in a female masculinization disease: polycystic ovary syndrome. Frontiers in Endocrinology 14.
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F. O’Sullivan, S.M. Bollard, G.P. O’Sullivan, P. Coffey, S. Bracken & D.J. Murray. (2022) An Investigation of the Relationship Between the Second-to-Fourth Digit Ratio and Sagittal Synostosis. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 33:6, pages 1705-1708.
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J.T. Manning, B. Fink, L. Mason, A. Kasielska-Trojan & R. Trivers. (2022) The effects of sex, nation, ethnicity, age and self-reported pubertal development on participant-measured right-left 2D:4D (Dr-l) in the BBC internet study. Journal of Biosocial Science, pages 1-13.
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Magdalena Kobus, Aneta Sitek, Bogusław Antoszewski, Jacek Rożniecki, Jacek Pełka & Elżbieta Żądzińska. (2021) Prenatal oestrogen-testosterone balance as a risk factor of migraine in adults. The Journal of Headache and Pain 22:1.
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Gareth Richards, Tess Beking, Baudewijntje P.C. Kreukels, Reint H. Geuze, Alan A. Beaton & Ton Groothuis. (2021) An examination of the influence of prenatal sex hormones on handedness: Literature review and amniotic fluid data. Hormones and Behavior 129, pages 104929.
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Bernhard Fink. 2021. Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science 4300 4302 .
Sanjay Kumar, Maharaj Singh & Martin Voracek. (2020) Effects of hand preference on digit lengths and digit ratios among children and adults. Early Human Development 151, pages 105204.
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Annika Paukner. (2019) Digit ratio (2D:4D) and its behavioral correlates in infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) . Developmental Psychobiology 62:7, pages 992-998.
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Sibel Gazioglu, Ismail Alkan, Ayse Gul Karaman & Cavit Boz. (2020) Decreased second to fourth digit ratios in female multiple sclerosis patients. Early Human Development 144, pages 105039.
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John Manning, Christian Cook & Blair Crewther. (2019) Digit ratio (2D:4D) and testosterone supplementation. Early Human Development 139, pages 104843.
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Katelyn L. Klapprodt, John S. Fitzgerald, Sandra E. Short, John T. Manning & Grant R. Tomkinson. (2018) Relationships between the digit ratio (2D:4D) and game-related statistics in professional and semi-professional male basketball players. American Journal of Human Biology 30:6, pages e23182.
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Bernhard Fink. 2017. Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science 1 3 .
Werner Bönte, Vivien D. Procher, Diemo Urbig & Martin Voracek. (2017) Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Predicts Self-Reported Measures of General Competitiveness, but Not Behavior in Economic Experiments. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 11.
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Judith Schmitz, Gerlinde A.S. Metz, Onur Güntürkün & Sebastian Ocklenburg. (2017) Beyond the genome—Towards an epigenetic understanding of handedness ontogenesis. Progress in Neurobiology 159, pages 69-89.
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Yoshiki Kaneoke, Tomohiro Donishi, Akihiko Iwahara & Toshio Shimokawa. (2017) Severity of Premenstrual Symptoms Predicted by Second to Fourth Digit Ratio. Frontiers in Medicine 4.
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Marietta Papadatou-Pastou & Maryanne Martin. (2017) Cerebral laterality for language is related to adult salivary testosterone levels but not digit ratio (2D:4D) in men: A functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound study. Brain and Language 166, pages 52-62.
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Werner BönteVivien D. ProcherDiemo Urbig. (2016) Biology and Selection into Entrepreneurship—The Relevance of Prenatal Testosterone Exposure. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 40:5, pages 1121-1148.
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Coren L. Apicella, Victoria A. Tobolsky, Frank W. Marlowe & Kathleen W. Miller. (2016) Hadza hunter-gatherer men do not have more masculine digit ratios (2D:4D). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 159:2, pages 223-232.
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Marco Fabbri & Vincenzo Natale. (2015) Finger Counting and (2D:4D) Digit Ratio in Spatial-Numerical Association. Perception 45:1-2, pages 136-155.
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Clare Porac. 2016. Laterality. Laterality 71 85 .
Blair Crewther, Christian Cook, Liam Kilduff & John Manning. (2015) Digit ratio (2D:4D) and salivary testosterone, oestradiol and cortisol levels under challenge: Evidence for prenatal effects on adult endocrine responses. Early Human Development 91:8, pages 451-456.
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Mariana Kishida & Qazi Rahman. (2015) Fraternal Birth Order and Extreme Right-Handedness as Predictors of Sexual Orientation and Gender Nonconformity in Men. Archives of Sexual Behavior 44:5, pages 1493-1501.
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Robert Trivers, Brian G. Palestis, Bernhard Fink & John T. Manning. (2014) Is Foot Asymmetry a Correlate of Hand Performance Asymmetry? Evidence from the Jamaican Symmetry Project. Evolutionary Psychological Science 1:1, pages 13-17.
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Christian Montag, Benjamin Bleek, Svenja Breuer, Holger Prüss, Kirsten Richardt, Susanne Cook, J. Scott Yaruss & Martin Reuter. (2015) Prenatal testosterone and stuttering. Early Human Development 91:1, pages 43-46.
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Ángel Romero-Martínez, Marisol Lila, Alba Catalá-Miñana, Ryan Williams & Luis Moya-Albiol. (2013) The Contribution of Childhood Parental Rejection and Early Androgen Exposure to Impairments in Socio-Cognitive Skills in Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators with High Alcohol Consumption. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10:8, pages 3753-3770.
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Filippos Vlachos, Francois Gaillard, Kiriazis Vaitsis & Argiris Karapetsas. (2013) Developmental Risk: Evidence from Large Nonright-Handed Samples. Child Development Research 2013, pages 1-10.
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Britton Trabert, Barry I. Graubard, Ralph L. Erickson, Yawei Zhang & Katherine A. McGlynn. (2013) Second to fourth digit ratio, handedness and testicular germ cell tumors. Early Human Development 89:7, pages 463-466.
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Ion G. Motofei, David L. Rowland, Simona R. Georgescu, Daniela L. Baconi, Nicoleta P. Dimcevici, Stana Paunica, Vlad D. Constantin & Cristian Balalau. (2012) A pilot study on the sexual side effects of finasteride as related to hand preference for men undergoing treatment of male pattern baldness. BJU International 111:4b.
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Lili Tcheang, Neil G. Muggleton & Vincent Walsh. (2013) Digit Ratio Predicts Spatial Memory Performance in Women. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 03:03, pages 296-305.
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Yin Lin, Xiaohong Ma, Wei Deng, Yuanyuan Han, Mingli Li, Xiang Liu, El-Wui Loh & Tao Li. (2012) Minor physical anomalies in patients with schizophrenia in a Chinese population. Psychiatry Research 200:2-3, pages 223-227.
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Alan A. Beaton, Sarah V. Magowan & Nick G. Rudling. (2012) Does handedness or digit ratio (2D:4D) predict lateralised cognitive ability?. Personality and Individual Differences 52:5, pages 627-631.
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Moriya Gamliel, Richard Ebstein, Nurit Yirmiya & David Mankuta. (2012) Minor Fetal Sonographic Findings in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 67:3, pages 176-186.
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Zlatislav Stoyanov, Lyoubka Decheva, Irina Pashalieva & Piareta Nikolova. (2012) Brain asymmetry, immunity, handedness. Open Medicine 7:1, pages 1-8.
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Bernd Lenz, Christian P. Müller, Christina Stoessel, Wolfgang Sperling, Teresa Biermann, Thomas Hillemacher, Stefan Bleich & Johannes Kornhuber. (2012) Sex hormone activity in alcohol addiction: Integrating organizational and activational effects. Progress in Neurobiology 96:1, pages 136-163.
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John C. Loehlin, Sarah E. Medland & Nicholas G. Martin. (2012) Is CAG sequence length in the androgen receptor gene correlated with finger-length ratio?. Personality and Individual Differences 52:2, pages 224-227.
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Nicolas Cherbuin, Perminder S. Sachdev & Kaarin J. Anstey. (2012) Mixed handedness is associated with greater age‐related decline in volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala: the PATH through life study. Brain and Behavior 1:2, pages 125-134.
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Martin Voracek. (2011) Special issue preamble: Digit ratio (2D:4D) and individual differences research. Personality and Individual Differences 51:4, pages 367-370.
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Charlotte Faurie, Violaine Llaurens, Alexandra Alvergne, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins & Michel Raymond. (2011) Left-Handedness and Male-Male Competition: Insights from Fighting and Hormonal Data. Evolutionary Psychology 9:3, pages 147470491100900.
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Johannes Kornhuber, Gabriele Erhard, Bernd Lenz, Thomas Kraus, Wolfgang Sperling, Kristina Bayerlein, Teresa Biermann & Christina Stoessel. (2011) Low Digit Ratio 2D∶4D in Alcohol Dependent Patients. PLoS ONE 6:4, pages e19332.
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Eero Vuoksimaa, C.J. Peter Eriksson, Lea Pulkkinen, Richard J. Rose & Jaakko Kaprio. (2010) Decreased prevalence of left-handedness among females with male co-twins: Evidence suggesting prenatal testosterone transfer in humans?. Psychoneuroendocrinology 35:10, pages 1462-1472.
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Aryeh D. Stein, Henry S. Kahn & L.H. Lumey. (2010) The 2D:4D digit ratio is not a useful marker for prenatal famine exposure: Evidence from the Dutch hunger winter families study. American Journal of Human Biology 22:6, pages 801-806.
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Martin Voracek & Stefan G. Dressler. (2010) Relationships of Toe-Length Ratios to Finger-Length Ratios, Foot Preference, and Wearing of TOE Rings. Perceptual and Motor Skills 110:1, pages 33-47.
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Victoria J. Bourne & Dawn L. Gray. (2009) Hormone exposure and functional lateralisation: Examining the contributions of prenatal and later life hormonal exposure. Psychoneuroendocrinology 34:8, pages 1214-1221.
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John V. Nye, Maria Yudkevich, Ekaterina Orel & Ekaterina Kochergina. (2014) The Effects of Prenatal Testosterone on Adult Wages: Evidence from Russian RLMS Data and Measured 2D:4D Digit Ratios. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Crossref
Thomas Buser. (2010) Handedness Predicts Social Preferences: Evidence Connecting the Lab to the Field. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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