151
Views
118
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A general critical-strain criterion for crazing in amorphous glassy polymers

&
Pages 547-559 | Received 14 Mar 1973, Published online: 20 Aug 2006

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (5)

D. Kells & N.J. Mills. (1981) The initiation of indentation fracture in polystyrene. Philosophical Magazine A 44:5, pages 1149-1163.
Read now
A. J. Kinloch. (1980) Micromechanisms of crack extension in polymers. Metal Science 14:8-9, pages 305-318.
Read now
A.S. Argon & J.G. Hannoosh. (1977) Initiation of crazes in polystyrene. The Philosophical Magazine: A Journal of Theoretical Experimental and Applied Physics 36:5, pages 1195-1216.
Read now
Stephen Wellinghoff & Eric Baer. (1975) The mechanism of crazing in polystyrene. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 11:3, pages 367-387.
Read now
R.J. Oxborough & P.B. Bowden. (1974) Craze nucleation in high-impact polystyrene under biaxial states of stress. The Philosophical Magazine: A Journal of Theoretical Experimental and Applied Physics 30:1, pages 171-184.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (113)

Martijn Wismans, Johannes A.W. van Dommelen, Tom A.P. Engels & Lambèrt C.A. van Breemen. (2024) A macroscopic viscoelastic viscoplastic constitutive model for porous polymers under multiaxial loading conditions. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 183, pages 105499.
Crossref
Jung-Wook Wee, Alexander Chudnovsky & Byoung-Ho Choi. (2023) Brittle–Ductile Transitions of Rubber Toughened Polypropylene Blends: A Review. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology.
Crossref
Martijn Wismans, Sten J. J. van den Broek, Lambèrt C. A. van Breemen, Leon E. Govaert & Tom A. P. Engels. (2023) Micromechanical analysis of age‐induced strength reduction in a multiaxially loaded short‐fiber reinforced thermoplastic. Journal of Applied Polymer Science.
Crossref
Yuan Xu, Gustavo Quino, Karthik Ram Ramakrishnan & Antonio Pellegrino. (2023) Effects of build orientation and strain rate on the tensile-shear behaviour of polyamide-12 manufactured via laser powder bed fusion. Materials & Design 232, pages 112162.
Crossref
M. Waldvogel, R. Zurbriggen, N. Toropovs, A. Berger & M. Herwegh. (2023) Distribution and evolution of (micro)strain and stresses in flexible, waterproofing membranes using digital image correlation and finite element modelling. Cement and Concrete Composites 138, pages 104982.
Crossref
Hüsnü Dal, Osman Gültekin, Selçuk Başdemir & Alp Kağan Açan. (2022) Ductile–brittle failure of amorphous glassy polymers: A phase-field approach. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 401, pages 115639.
Crossref
Kazushi Fujimoto. (2022) Fracture and Toughening Mechanisms of Glassy Polymer at the Molecular Level. Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi 50:1, pages 37-41.
Crossref
George Youssef. 2022. Applied Mechanics of Polymers. Applied Mechanics of Polymers 243 271 .
Glendimar Molero & Hung‐Jue Sue. 2002. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology 1 28 .
Sooraj Narayan & Lallit Anand. (2021) Fracture of amorphous polymers: A gradient-damage theory. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 146, pages 104164.
Crossref
Charles J. McCutcheon, Boran Zhao, Kailong Jin, Frank S. Bates & Christopher J. Ellison. (2020) Crazing Mechanism and Physical Aging of Poly(lactide) Toughened with Poly(ethylene oxide)- block -poly(butylene oxide) Diblock Copolymers . Macromolecules 53:22, pages 10163-10178.
Crossref
Leno Mascia, Yannis Kouparitsas, Davide Nocita & Xujin Bao. (2020) Antiplasticization of Polymer Materials: Structural Aspects and Effects on Mechanical and Diffusion-Controlled Properties. Polymers 12:4, pages 769.
Crossref
Marius Waldvogel, Roger Zurbriggen, Alfons Berger & Marco Herwegh. (2020) The microstructural evolution of cementitious, flexible waterproofing membranes during deformation with special focus on the role of crazing. Cement and Concrete Composites 107, pages 103494.
Crossref
O.V. Arzhakova, A. Yu Kopnov, A.I. Nazarov, A.A. Dolgova & A.L. Volynskii. (2020) “Green” environmental crazing of polymers in oil-in-water emulsions with high water content. Polymer 186, pages 122020.
Crossref
Zongzhan Gao, Wei Liu, Qinghai Li, Shiling Liu, Zhufeng Yue & Baoxing Xu. (2019) Craze density based fatigue-damage analysis in polyethylene methacrylate. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 33:1, pages 225-232.
Crossref
Jinho Hyon, Olawale Lawal, Omri Fried, Ramathasan Thevamaran, Sadegh Yazdi, Mujin Zhou, David Veysset, Steven E. Kooi, Yang Jiao, Ming-Siao Hsiao, Jason Streit, Richard A. Vaia & Edwin L. Thomas. (2018) Extreme Energy Absorption in Glassy Polymer Thin Films by Supersonic Micro-projectile Impact. Materials Today 21:8, pages 817-824.
Crossref
Ralf Lach & Wolfgang Grellmann. (2017) Mixed Mode Fracture Mechanics Behaviour of PMMA. Macromolecular Symposia 373:1, pages 1600108.
Crossref
Makoto KAWAGOE & Hisashi FUJITA. (2017) Macroscopic criterion for craze initiation in polystyrene. Mechanical Engineering Journal 4:5, pages 17-00347-17-00347.
Crossref
Cherfi Mohamed, Benbarek Smail, Bachir Bouiadjra & B. Serier. (2016) Numerical modeless of the damage, around inclusion in the orthopedic cement PMMA. Structural Engineering and Mechanics 57:4, pages 717-731.
Crossref
Shu Guo, Dery Torres, Sabine Weygand, Christian Olagnon & Rafael Estevez. (2015) 3D study of the competitions between shear yielding and crazing for a variable thickness on ductile polymers. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 149, pages 230-249.
Crossref
Sudarkodi Venkatesan & Sumit Basu. (2015) Investigations into crazing in glassy amorphous polymers through molecular dynamics simulations. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 77, pages 123-145.
Crossref
Dong Liu, Peter Heard, Branko Šavija, Gillian Smith, Erik Schlangen & Peter Flewitt. (2015) Multi-scale characterization and modelling of damage evolution in nuclear Gilsocarbon graphite. MRS Proceedings 1809, pages 1-6.
Crossref
Z. Bartczak & A. Galeski. 2014. Polymer Blends Handbook. Polymer Blends Handbook 1203 1297 .
A. V. Efimov, S. L. Bazhenov, I. V. Tyun’kin, A. L. Volynskii & N. F. Bakeev. (2013) Effect of orientation on the mechanism of plastic yielding of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in adsorption-active media. Polymer Science Series A 55:12, pages 721-728.
Crossref
A. V. Efimov, S. L. Bazhenov, I. V. Tyun’kin, A. L. Volynskii & N. F. Bakeev. (2013) Crazing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in adsorptive media. Doklady Physical Chemistry 451:2, pages 172-175.
Crossref
Julien Réthoré & Rafael Estevez. (2013) Identification of a cohesive zone model from digital images at the micron-scale. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 61:6, pages 1407-1420.
Crossref
A. S. Argon. 2013. The Physics of Deformation and Fracture of Polymers. The Physics of Deformation and Fracture of Polymers 342 390 .
I. M. Ward & J. Sweeney. 2012. Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers. Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers 379 447 .
C.B. Bucknall. (2012) Role of surface chain mobility in crazing. Polymer 53:21, pages 4778-4786.
Crossref
Seong Yun Kim, Sung Ho Kim, Seong Yeol Pak & Jae Ryoun Youn. (2012) Formation of thermally induced craze and prevention by using infrared radiation annealing method. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 125:4, pages 3029-3037.
Crossref
Dhiraj K. Mahajan & Alexander Hartmaier. (2012) Mechanisms of crazing in glassy polymers revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. Physical Review E 86:2.
Crossref
Ali Makke, Michel Perez, Jörg Rottler, Olivier Lame & Jean-Louis Barrat. (2011) Predictors of Cavitation in Glassy Polymers under Tensile Strain: A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Investigation. Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 20:9, pages 826-836.
Crossref
R Estevez & D Long. (2011) Probing and characterizing the early stages of cavitation in glassy polymers in molecular dynamics simulations. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 19:4, pages 045004.
Crossref
A.S. Argon. (2011) Craze initiation in glassy polymers – Revisited. Polymer 52:10, pages 2319-2327.
Crossref
Xinyu Huang & Ken Reifsnider. 2010. Modeling and Diagnostics of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. Modeling and Diagnostics of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells 1 43 .
K.A. Chowdhury, A.A. Benzerga & R. Talreja. (2008) An analysis of impact-induced deformation and fracture modes in amorphous glassy polymers. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 75:11, pages 3328-3342.
Crossref
Laura A. Fasce, Valeria Pettarin, Claudia Marano, Marta Rink & Patricia M. Frontini. (2008) Biaxial yielding of polypropylene/elastomeric polyolefin blends: Effect of elastomer content and thermal annealing. Polymer Engineering & Science 48:7, pages 1414-1423.
Crossref
Rafael Estevez & Sumit Basu. (2008) On the importance of thermo-elastic cooling in the fracture of glassy polymers at high rates. International Journal of Solids and Structures 45:11-12, pages 3449-3465.
Crossref
K. A. Chowdhury, R. Talreja & A. A. Benzerga. (2008) Effects of Manufacturing-Induced Voids on Local Failure in Polymer-Based Composites. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 130:2.
Crossref
Wenbo Luo & Wenxian Liu. (2007) Incubation time to crazing in stressed poly(methyl methacrylate). Polymer Testing 26:3, pages 413-418.
Crossref
C.B. Bucknall. (2007) New criterion for craze initiation. Polymer 48:4, pages 1030-1041.
Crossref
N. Saad-Gouider, R. Estevez, C. Olagnon & R. Séguéla. (2006) Calibration of a viscoplastic cohesive zone for crazing in PMMA. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 73:16, pages 2503-2522.
Crossref
Ikuo Narisawa & Albert Yee. 2006. Materials Science and Technology. Materials Science and Technology.
G. T. Lim, M. H. Wong, J. N. Reddy & H. J. Sue. (2005) An integrated approach towards the study of scratch damage of polymer. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 2:5, pages 361-369.
Crossref
R. Estevez & E. Van der Giessen. 2005. Intrinsic Molecular Mobility and Toughness of Polymers II. Intrinsic Molecular Mobility and Toughness of Polymers II 195 234 .
Paul A. O'Connell & Gregory B. McKenna. 2002. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology.
B.P. Gearing & L. Anand. (2004) On modeling the deformation and fracture response of glassy polymers due to shear-yielding and crazing. International Journal of Solids and Structures 41:11-12, pages 3125-3150.
Crossref
C. Fond & R. Schirrer. (2004) Compliant rubber domains in a rigid polymer matrix: Shape and orientation factors related to cavitation and plastic dissipation. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 42:8, pages 1476-1486.
Crossref
. 2003. Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics. Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics 204 210 .
Arun Raman, Richard J. Farris & Alan J. Lesser. (2003) Effect of stress state and polymer morphology on environmental stress cracking in polycarbonate. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 88:2, pages 550-564.
Crossref
Lei Li & Albert F. Yee. (2003) Effect of the Scale of Local Segmental Motion on Nanovoid Growth in Polyester Copolymer Glasses. Macromolecules 36:8, pages 2793-2801.
Crossref
Mao-hong Yu. (2002) Advances in strength theories for materials under complex stress state in the 20th Century. Applied Mechanics Reviews 55:3, pages 169-218.
Crossref
Joseph T. Woods & Ronald P. Nimmer. 2001. Plastics Failure Analysis and Prevention. Plastics Failure Analysis and Prevention 267 274 .
E.J. Kramer. 2001. Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology. Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology 7318 7321 .
Zhanjun (Justin) Gao. 2007. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry.
Josef Jancar. 1999. Mineral Fillers in Thermoplastics I. Mineral Fillers in Thermoplastics I 1 65 .
C.H. Wang. (1997) Fracture of interface cracks under combined loading. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 56:1, pages 77-86.
Crossref
A. M. Donald. 1997. The Physics of Glassy Polymers. The Physics of Glassy Polymers 295 341 .
S.X. Wu, Chao-Pin Yeh, K. Wyatt & M. Pecht. (1995) Craze and instability of polyimide thin films and its effects on high density interconnects. Craze and instability of polyimide thin films and its effects on high density interconnects.
A. J. Kinloch & R. J. YoungA. J. Kinloch & R. J. Young. 1995. Fracture Behaviour of Polymers. Fracture Behaviour of Polymers 229 285 .
A. J. Kinloch & R. J. YoungA. J. Kinloch & R. J. Young. 1995. Fracture Behaviour of Polymers. Fracture Behaviour of Polymers 147 181 .
J. C. Arnold. (2004) The effects of physical aging on the brittle fracture behavior of polymers. Polymer Engineering & Science 35:2, pages 165-169.
Crossref
A. M. Donald. 1994. Rubber Toughened Engineering Plastics. Rubber Toughened Engineering Plastics 1 28 .
J. T. Woods & H. G. Delorenzi. (2004) An assessment of crazing criteria for polyetherimide in three‐dimensional stress space. Polymer Engineering & Science 33:21, pages 1431-1437.
Crossref
J. C. Arnold. (2003) The influence of physical aging on the creep rupture behavior of polystyrene. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31:11, pages 1451-1458.
Crossref
Hung-Jue Sue. (1992) Craze-like damage in a core-shell rubber-modified epoxy system. Journal of Materials Science 27:11, pages 3098-3107.
Crossref
H. J. Sue, R. A. Pearson & A. F. Yee. (2004) Mechanical modeling of initiation of localized yielding under plane stress conditions in rigid‐rigid polymer alloys. Polymer Engineering & Science 31:11, pages 793-802.
Crossref
C. L. Chow & T. J. Lu. (1990) Multi-axial creep rupture in polymethyl-methacrylate. Journal of Materials Science Letters 9:9, pages 1020-1022.
Crossref
I. Narisawa & M. Ishikawa. 1990. Crazing in Polymers Vol. 2. Crazing in Polymers Vol. 2 353 391 .
Larry L. Berger. (2003) Solvent‐induced embrittlement in a crystallizable polyarylate. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 27:8, pages 1629-1647.
Crossref
C.C. HSIAO & Y.S. CHENG. 1989. Proceedings of The 7th International Conference On Fracture (ICF7). Proceedings of The 7th International Conference On Fracture (ICF7) 2201 2210 .
T.M. Maccagno & J.F. Knott. (1989) The fracture behaviour of PMMA in mixed modes I and II. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 34:1, pages 65-86.
Crossref
A. B. Freidin. (1989) Crazing and shear bands in glassy polymers as layers of a new phase. Mechanics of Composite Materials 25:1, pages 1-7.
Crossref
C. X. Zhu, S. Umemoto, N. Okui & T. Sakai. (1988) Craze yielding and fracture mechanism in PE/PS/PE laminated films. Journal of Materials Science 23:11, pages 4091-4096.
Crossref
Z. Bin Ahmad & M. F. Ashby. (1988) Failure-mechanism maps for engineering polymers. Journal of Materials Science 23:6, pages 2037-2050.
Crossref
V.P. Budtov & M.I. Gandel'sman. (1988) Physicomechanical properties of high-impact polystyrene plastics. Review. Polymer Science U.S.S.R. 30:6, pages 1181-1199.
Crossref
F. Zok & D. M. Shonozaki. (1987) Dilational damage accumulation during fatigue of polypropylene. Journal of Materials Science 22:11, pages 3995-4001.
Crossref
Elio Passaglia. (1987) Crazes and fracture in polymers. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 48:11, pages 1075-1100.
Crossref
Hans-Henning Kausch-Blecken SchmelingHans-Henning Kausch-Blecken Schmeling. 1987. Polymer Fracture. Polymer Fracture 305 415 .
D. G. Gilbert & A. M. Donald. (1986) Toughening mechanisms in high impact polystyrene. Journal of Materials Science 21:5, pages 1819-1823.
Crossref
O.S. Gebizlioglu, A.S. Argon & R.E. Cohen. (1985) Craze plasticity and toughness of particulate block copolymer blends. Polymer 26:4, pages 529-542.
Crossref
S. S. Chern & C. C. Hsiao. (1985) A generalized time-dependent theory on craze initiation in viscoelastic media. Journal of Applied Physics 57:6, pages 1823-1834.
Crossref
Hans Brewer. 1985. Polymer Blends and Mixtures. Polymer Blends and Mixtures 375 382 .
R. P. Kambour. 1985. Polymer Blends and Mixtures. Polymer Blends and Mixtures 313 329 .
William E. Warren. (1984) The stress and displacement fields at the tip of crazes in glassy polymers. Polymer 25:1, pages 43-53.
Crossref
Michael Schlimmer. 1984. Zeitabhängiges mechanisches Werkstoffverhalten. Zeitabhängiges mechanisches Werkstoffverhalten 266 278 .
Wartan A. Jemian. 1984. Adhesive Joints. Adhesive Joints 809 827 .
J. Yuan, A. Hiltner & E. Baer. (1983) The mechanical properties of PVC under high pressure. Journal of Materials Science 18:10, pages 3063-3071.
Crossref
D. G. LeGrand & C. M. Forth. (2003) Positional small‐angle X‐ray scattering from crazes. Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 21:10, pages 853-858.
Crossref
A. S. Argon, R. E. Cohen, O. S. Gebizlioglu & C. E. Schwier. 1983. Crazing in Polymers. Crazing in Polymers 275 335 .
Edward J. Kramer. 1983. Crazing in Polymers. Crazing in Polymers 1 56 .
A. Pavan. 1983. The Role of the Polymeric Matrix in the Processing and Structural Properties Composite Materials. The Role of the Polymeric Matrix in the Processing and Structural Properties Composite Materials 529 543 .
C.B. Bucknall. (2016) The Effective Use of Rubbers as Toughening Agents for Plastics. Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 14:4, pages 204-221.
Crossref
P. J. Burchill & R. H. Stacewicz. (1982) Effect of water on the crazing of a crosslinked poly(methylmethacrylate). Journal of Materials Science Letters 1:10, pages 448-450.
Crossref
D. Kells & N. J. Mills. (1982) Compressive fracture of polystyrene. Journal of Materials Science 17:7, pages 1963-1976.
Crossref
M. Iannone, L. Nicolais, L. Nicodemo & A. T. Dibenedetto. (1982) The kinetics of surface craze growth in polycarbonate exposed to normal heptane. Journal of Materials Science 17:1, pages 81-88.
Crossref
M. Kawagoe & M. Kitagawa. (1981) Craze initiation in poly(methyl methacrylate) under biaxial stress. Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19:9, pages 1423-1433.
Crossref
H. R. Brown. (1981) The size of shear lips in polymers. Journal of Materials Science 16:8, pages 2329-2332.
Crossref
T. T. Wang & S. Matsuoka. (2003) The free volume concept and its implications on dilation in glassy polymers under shear stresses. Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 18:9, pages 593-598.
Crossref
Norman Brown. 1980. Polymers - Physical Properties. Polymers - Physical Properties 233 273 .
Hans Breuer & Joachim Stabenow. (2003) Schädigungskriterien glasiger polymer im hinblick auf deren schlagzähmodifizierung. Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 78:1, pages 45-65.
Crossref
John S. Trent, Abdelsamie Y. Moet, Mervyn J. Miles & Eric Baer. (2004) Effects of environment on the mechanical properties of plastics under high pressure. Polymer Engineering & Science 18:16, pages 1235-1239.
Crossref
T. Riccò, A. Pavan & F. Danusso. (2004) Micromechanical analysis of a model for particulate composite materials with composite particles—survey of craze initiation. Polymer Engineering & Science 18:10, pages 774-780.
Crossref
Eric Baer. (2007) The provision of useful mechanical properties in polymeric materials. British Polymer Journal 10:1, pages 84-92.
Crossref
A.S. Argon, J.G. Hannoosh & M.M. Salama. 1978. Advances in Research on the Strength and Fracture of Materials. Advances in Research on the Strength and Fracture of Materials 445 470 .
L. Bevan. (1978) Crazing under applied compression. Journal of Materials Science 13:1, pages 216-217.
Crossref
Hans-Henning Kausch-Blecken von SchmelingHans-Henning Kausch-Blecken von Schmeling. 1978. Polymer Fracture. Polymer Fracture 251 320 .
Clive B. Bucknall. 1978. Failure in Polymers. Failure in Polymers 121 148 .
J. A. Sauer. (1977) Deformation, yield and fracture of polymers at high pressure. Polymer Engineering and Science 17:3, pages 150-164.
Crossref
M. Kitagawa. (2003) Craze initiation of glassy polymers under the action of crazing agent. Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 14:11, pages 2095-2103.
Crossref
Robert J. Young & Peter W.R. Beaumont. (1976) Time-dependent failure of poly(methyl methacrylate). Polymer 17:8, pages 717-722.
Crossref
N.J. Mills & N. Walker. (1976) Craze growth and crack growth in poly(vinyl chloride) under monotonic and fatigue loading. Polymer 17:4, pages 335-344.
Crossref
K. Matsushige, S. V. Radcliffe & E. Baer. (1975) The mechanical behaviour of polystyrene under pressure. Journal of Materials Science 10:5, pages 833-845.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.