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Original Articles

A Multimethod Perspective on Emotional Availability in the Postpartum Period

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Pages 228-243 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (7)

Kristin Bernard, Galia Nissim, Suzanne Vaccaro, Jordan L. Harris & Oliver Lindhiem. (2018) Association between maternal depression and maternal sensitivity from birth to 12 months: a meta-analysis. Attachment & Human Development 20:6, pages 578-599.
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Samantha Goldwater-Adler, Lori Wozney & Patrick J. McGrath. (2018) Do mothers enjoy playing sensitively with their infants?. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 36:3, pages 312-326.
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Clara Möller, Caroline Odersjö, Frans Pilesjö, Kendra Terpening, Malin Österberg & Rolf Holmqvist. (2017) Reflective Functioning, Limit Setting, and Emotional Availability in Mother–Child Dyads. Parenting 17:4, pages 225-241.
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Raija-Leena Punamäki, Sanna Isosävi, Samir R. Qouta, Saija Kuittinen & Safwat Y. Diab. (2017) War trauma and maternal–fetal attachment predicting maternal mental health, infant development, and dyadic interaction in Palestinian families. Attachment & Human Development 19:5, pages 463-486.
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Carolyn Deans, Rebecca Reay & Anne Buist. (2016) Addressing the mother–baby relationship in interpersonal psychotherapy for depression: an overview and case study. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 34:5, pages 483-494.
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Panagiota D. Tryphonopoulos, Nicole Letourneau & Enrico DiTommaso. (2016) Caregiver-Infant Interaction Quality: A Review of Observational Assessment Tools. Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing 39:2, pages 107-138.
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Nicole Vliegen, Sara Casalin, Patrick Luyten, Ria Docx, Marijs Lenaerts, Eileen Tang & Stefan Kempke. (2013) Hospitalization-Based Treatment for Postpartum Depressed Mothers and Their Babies: Rationale, Principles, and Preliminary Follow-Up Data. Psychiatry 76:2, pages 150-168.
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Articles from other publishers (45)

Gypsy A. O’Dea, George J. Youssef, Lauryn J. Hagg, Lauren M. Francis, Elizabeth A. Spry, Larissa Rossen, Imogene Smith, Samantha J. Teague, Kayla Mansour, Anna Booth, Sasha Davies, Delyse Hutchinson & Jacqui A. Macdonald. (2023) Associations between maternal psychological distress and mother-infant bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Women's Mental Health 26:4, pages 441-452.
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Michael Lincoln, Stephen Aichele, Emma, L.M. Clark, Maggie Dungan, Ashley Harvey, Lillian Hoyer, Yuqin Jiao, Steffany Josslin, Frances Russell & Zeynep Biringen. (2023) Emotional Availability (EA) Brief: Single Session Feedback and Coaching for Improving Fathers’ Emotional Availability for Children Across a Wide Developmental Spectrum. OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine 08:03, pages 1-38.
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Roslyn N Boyd, Iona Novak, Catherine Morgan, Samudragupta Bora, Leanne Sakzewski, Robert S Ware, Tracy Comans, Michael Collingwood Fahey, Koa Whittingham, Stewart Trost, Kerstin Pannek, Alex Pagnozzi, Sarah Mcintyre, Nadia Badawi, Hayley Smithers Sheedy, Kirsten Rebecca Palmer, Andrea Burgess, Syed Afroz Keramat, Kristie Bell, Ashleigh Hines, Katherine Benfer, Jane Wotherspoon, Laura Gascoigne-Pees, Shaneen Leishman & Stina Oftedal. (2023) School readiness of children at high risk of cerebral palsy randomised to early neuroprotection and neurorehabilitation: protocol for a follow-up study of participants from four randomised clinical trials. BMJ Open 13:2, pages e068675.
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Zeynep Biringen, Karen Sandoval & Marjo Flykt. (2023) Observed Emotional Availability<bold> (EA) in the Early Months and Adolescence and Self-Reported EA at Any Age: A Narrative Review</bold>. Human Development 67:4, pages 175-192.
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Delphine West, Frank Van Holen, Camille Verheyden, Laura Gypen & Johan Vanderfaeillie. (2022) Attachment of young foster children. Developmental Child Welfare 4:4, pages 270-287.
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Kavindri Kulasinghe, Koa Whittingham & Amy E. Mitchell. (2022) Emotional availability in the mother-child relationship for families of young children with autism spectrum disorder in Australia: A cross-sectional survey. Research in Developmental Disabilities 131, pages 104365.
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Koa Whittingham, Jeanie Sheffield, Catherine Mak, Ashleigh Wright & Roslyn N. Boyd. (2022) Parenting Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An RCT of an online course with families of children with CP. Behaviour Research and Therapy 155, pages 104129.
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Pavitra Aran, Andrew Lewis, Stuart Watson & Megan Galbally. (2021) Major depression and generalised anxiety disorder: An analysis of the effects of remission status and comorbidity on mother‐infant emotional availability in the perinatal period. Journal of Clinical Psychology 78:4, pages 570-589.
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Diane L. Putnick, Marc H. Bornstein & Joan T. D. Suwalsky. 2022. Parenting Across Cultures. Parenting Across Cultures 285 305 .
Lucy S. King, Virginia C. Salo, Autumn Kujawa & Kathryn L. Humphreys. (2021) Advancing the RDoC initiative through the assessment of caregiver social processes. Development and Psychopathology 33:5, pages 1648-1664.
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Koa Whittingham & Amy E. Mitchell. (2021) Birth, breastfeeding, psychological flexibility and self‐compassion as predictors of mother–infant emotional availability in a cross‐sectional study. Infant Mental Health Journal 42:5, pages 718-730.
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Emma L. M. Clark, Yuqin Jiao, Karen Sandoval & Zeynep Biringen. (2021) Neurobiological Implications of Parent–Child Emotional Availability: A Review. Brain Sciences 11:8, pages 1016.
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Hoi Shan Cheung. (2021) Maternal sensitivity and warmth in Singapore: Cultural insights from comparing the Ainsworth and Emotional Availability Scales. Infant and Child Development 30:4.
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Samir R. Qouta, Mervi Vänskä, Safwat Y. Diab & Raija-Leena Punamäki. (2021) War trauma and infant motor, cognitive, and socioemotional development: Maternal mental health and dyadic interaction as explanatory processes. Infant Behavior and Development 63, pages 101532.
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Saara J. Salo, Marjukka Pajulo, Lazlo Vinzce, Simo Raittila, Johanna Sourander & Mirjam Kalland. (2021) Parent Relationship Satisfaction and Reflective Functioning as Predictors of Emotional Availability and Infant Behavior. Journal of Child and Family Studies 30:5, pages 1214-1228.
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Maren McConnell, Lia Closson, Bradley Morse, Hannah Wurster, Marjo Flykt, Michelle Sarche & Zeynep Biringen. (2020) The “EA brief”: A single session of parent feedback and coaching to improve emotional attachment and emotional availability (EA). Infant Mental Health Journal 41:6, pages 783-792.
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Koa Whittingham, Jeanie Sheffield, Catherine Mak, Corrine Dickinson & Roslyn N Boyd. (2020) Early Parenting Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ‘Early PACT’ for parents of infants with cerebral palsy: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 10:10, pages e037033.
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Koa Whittingham, Andrea McGlade, Kavindri Kulasinghe, Amy E Mitchell, Honey Heussler & Roslyn N Boyd. (2020) ENACT (ENvironmental enrichment for infants; parenting with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy): a randomised controlled trial of an innovative intervention for infants at risk of autism spectrum disorder. BMJ Open 10:8, pages e034315.
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Saija L. Kankaanpää, Sanna Isosävi, Safwat Y. Diab, Samir R. Qouta & Raija-Leena Punamäki. (2020) Trauma and Parenting Beliefs: Exploring the Ethnotheories and Socialization Goals of Palestinian Mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies 29:8, pages 2130-2145.
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Candace R. Lewis, Hayley A. Sowards, Matthew J. Huentelman, Leah D. Doane & Kathryn Lemery-Chalfant. (2020) Epigenetic differences in inflammation genes of monozygotic twins are related to parent-child emotional availability and health. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health 5, pages 100084.
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Sanna Isosävi, Safwat Y. Diab, Samir Qouta, Samuli Kangaslampi, Michelle Sleed, Saija Kankaanpää, Kaija Puura & Raija‐Leena Punamäki. (2020) Caregiving representations in war conditions: Associations with maternal trauma, mental health, and mother–infant interaction. Infant Mental Health Journal 41:2, pages 246-263.
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Raija-Leena Punamäki, Samir R. Qouta & Safwat Y. Diab. (2019) The role of maternal attachment in mental health and dyadic relationships in war trauma. Heliyon 5:12, pages e02867.
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Larissa Rossen, Richard P. Mattick, Judy Wilson, Philip J. Clare, Lucinda Burns, Steve Allsop, Elizabeth J. Elliott, Sue Jacobs, Craig A. Olsson & Delyse Hutchinson. (2019) Mother–Infant Bonding and Emotional Availability at 12-Months of Age: The Role of Early Postnatal Bonding, Maternal Substance Use and Mental Health. Maternal and Child Health Journal 23:12, pages 1686-1698.
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Alessandra Frigerio, Alessio Porreca, Alessandra Simonelli & Sarah Nazzari. (2019) Emotional Availability in Samples of Mothers at High Risk for Depression and With Substance Use Disorder. Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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Katri Lahti, Mervi Vänskä, Samir R. Qouta, Safwat Y. Diab, Kaisa Perko & Raija‐Leena Punamäki. (2019) Maternal experience of their infants’ crying in the context of war trauma: Determinants and consequences. Infant Mental Health Journal.
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Koa Whittingham & Lisa W. Coyne. 2019. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy 39 62 .
Larissa Rossen, Richard P. Mattick, Judy Wilson, Lucinda Burns, Jacqui A. Macdonald, Craig Olsson, Steve Allsop, Elizabeth J. Elliott, Sue Jacobs, Clare McCormack & Delyse Hutchinson. (2018) Mother-Infant and Partner-Infant Emotional Availability at 12 Months of Age: Findings From an Australian Longitudinal Study. Infancy 23:6, pages 893-916.
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Nora Nonnenmacher, Anna-Lena Zietlow, Daniela Noe & Corinna Reck. (2018) Depressionen in der Peripartalzeit. Familiendynamik 43:02, pages 100-107.
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Patrick Luyten, Linda C. Mayes, Liesbet Nijssens & Peter Fonagy. (2017) The parental reflective functioning questionnaire: Development and preliminary validation. PLOS ONE 12:5, pages e0176218.
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Constanze Rickmeyer, Judith Lebiger-Vogel & Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber. (2017) Transition to Kindergarten: Negative Associations between the Emotional Availability in Mother–Child Relationships and Elevated Cortisol Levels in Children with an Immigrant Background. Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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Dorothea Kluczniok, Katja Boedeker, Anna Fuchs, Catherine Hindi Attar, Thomas Fydrich, Daniel Fuehrer, Katja Dittrich, Corinna Reck, Sibylle Winter, Andreas Heinz, Sabine C. Herpertz, Romuald Brunner & Felix Bermpohl. (2016) EMOTIONAL AVAILABILITY IN MOTHER-CHILD INTERACTION: THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL DEPRESSION IN REMISSION AND ADDITIONAL HISTORY OF CHILDHOOD ABUSE. Depression and Anxiety 33:7, pages 648-657.
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Young-Kyung Moon & Hyun-Suk Min. (2016) Types of Emotional Availability Among Mothers and Their Preschool Child : Relationship With Marital Relations and Mother's Psychological Characteristics. Korean Journal of Human Ecology 25:1, pages 1.
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Corinna Reck, Nora Nonnenmacher & Anna-Lena Zietlow. (2016) Intergenerational Transmission of Internalizing Behavior: The Role of Maternal Psychopathology, Child Responsiveness and Maternal Attachment Style Insecurity. Psychopathology 49:4, pages 277-284.
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Sarah Bergmann, Kai von Klitzing, Anja Keitel-Korndörfer, Verena Wendt, Matthias Grube, Sarah Herpertz, Astrid Schütz & Annette M. Klein. (2016) Emotional availability, understanding emotions, and recognition of facial emotions in obese mothers with young children. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 80, pages 44-52.
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Megan Baker, Zeynep Biringen, Beatrice Meyer-Parsons & Abby Schneider. (2015) EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENT AND EMOTIONAL AVAILABILITY TELE-INTERVENTION FOR ADOPTIVE FAMILIES. Infant Mental Health Journal 36:2, pages 179-192.
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K. McCormack, B.R. Howell, D. Guzman, C. Villongco, K. Pears, H. Kim, M.R. Gunnar & M.M. Sanchez. (2015) The development of an instrument to measure global dimensions of maternal care in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) . American Journal of Primatology 77:1, pages 20-33.
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Lauren E. Philbrook, Alexia C. Hozella, Bo-Ram Kim, Ni Jian, Mina Shimizu & Douglas M. Teti. (2014) Maternal emotional availability at bedtime and infant cortisol at 1 and 3months. Early Human Development 90:10, pages 595-605.
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Hervé Tissot, Chloé Lavanchy Scaiola, France Frascarolo, Jean-Nicolas Despland, Friedrich Stiefel & Nicolas Favez. (2013) Family Alliance as a Moderator of the Link Between Maternal Postpartum Depression and Child Symptoms Assessed by Both Parents. Journal of Family Issues 35:11, pages 1520-1542.
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Zeynep Biringen, Della Derscheid, Nicole Vliegen, Lia Closson & M. Ann Easterbrooks. (2014) Emotional availability (EA): Theoretical background, empirical research using the EA Scales, and clinical applications. Developmental Review 34:2, pages 114-167.
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Sara Casalin, Eileen Tang, Nicole Vliegen & Patrick Luyten. (2014) Parental Personality, Stress Generation, and Infant Temperament in Emergent Parent-Child Relationships: Evidence for a Moderated Mediation Model. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 33:3, pages 270-291.
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Diane L. Putnick, Marc H. Bornstein, Dana A. Breakstone & Joan T. D. Suwalsky. 2014. Parenting Across Cultures. Parenting Across Cultures 475 487 .
Stacey D. Espinet, Jessica Jeihyun Jeong, Mary Motz, Nicole Racine, Danielle Major & Debra Pepler. (2013) MULTIMODAL ASSESSMENT OF THE MOTHER–CHILD RELATIONSHIP IN A SUBSTANCE‐EXPOSED SAMPLE: DIVERGENT ASSOCIATIONS WITH THE EMOTIONAL AVAILABILITY SCALES. Infant Mental Health Journal 34:6, pages 496-507.
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Zeynep Biringen & M. Ann Easterbrooks. (2012) The integration of emotional availability into a developmental psychopathology framework: Reflections on the Special Section and future directions. Development and Psychopathology 24:1, pages 137-142.
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Linda Van Den Dries, Femmie Juffer, Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg & Lenneke R. A. Alink. (2012) Infants' responsiveness, attachment, and indiscriminate friendliness after international adoption from institutions or foster care in China: Application of Emotional Availability Scales to adoptive families. Development and Psychopathology 24:1, pages 49-64.
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Nicole Vliegen, Patrick Luyten, Avi Besser, Sara Casalin, Stefan Kempke & Eileen Tang. (2010) Stability and Change in Levels of Depression and Personality. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease 198:1, pages 45-51.
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