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Original Articles

Building an Inner Sanctuary: Complex PTSD in Chimpanzees

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Pages 9-34 | Received 30 Apr 2007, Accepted 14 Jun 2007, Published online: 11 Oct 2008

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (3)

Stacy M. Lopresti-Goodman, Jocelyn Bezner & Chelsea Ritter. (2015) Psychological Distress in Chimpanzees Rescued From Laboratories. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation 16:4, pages 349-366.
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Hope Ferdowsian & Debra Merskin. (2012) Parallels in Sources of Trauma, Pain, Distress, and Suffering in Humans and Nonhuman Animals. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation 13:4, pages 448-468.
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Chris Cantor. (2009) Post-traumatic stress disorder: evolutionary perspectives. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 43:11, pages 1038-1048.
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Articles from other publishers (52)

Hong Wang Fung, Wai Tong Chien, Stanley Kam Ki Lam & Colin A. Ross. (2022) The Relationship Between Dissociation and Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Scoping Review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 24:5, pages 2966-2982.
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Hagit Cohen, Michael A. Matar, Doron Todder, Carmit Cohen, Joseph Zohar, Hadas Hawlena & Zvika Abramsky. (2023) Sounds of danger and post-traumatic stress responses in wild rodents: ecological validity of a translational model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Molecular Psychiatry.
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Sofie Salden, Jozefien Wijnants, Chris Baeken, Jimmy H. Saunders & Tiny De Keuster. (2023) Disaster response and its aftermath: A systematic review of the impact of disaster deployment on working dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 265, pages 105987.
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Jane Johnson. (2023) A New Strategy for Animal Research: Attending to Dissent. Animals 13:9, pages 1491.
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Hong Wang Fung, Wai Tong Chien, Chitat Chan & Colin A. Ross. (2022) A Cross-Cultural Investigation of the Association between Betrayal Trauma and Dissociative Features. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 38:1-2, pages 1630-1653.
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Iven-Alex von Mücke-Heim, Lidia Urbina-Treviño, Joeri Bordes, Clemens Ries, Mathias V. Schmidt & Jan M. Deussing. (2022) Introducing a depression-like syndrome for translational neuropsychiatry: a plea for taxonomical validity and improved comparability between humans and mice. Molecular Psychiatry 28:1, pages 329-340.
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Michelle A. Rodrigues, Partha Sarathi Mishra & Michelle Bezanson. 2023. Primates in Anthropogenic Landscapes. Primates in Anthropogenic Landscapes 227 246 .
Jarrod Bailey. 2023. Nonhuman Primate Welfare. Nonhuman Primate Welfare 559 588 .
Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen, Bernadette M. C. Bruinstroop & Daniel B. M. Haun. (2022) Early Trauma Leaves No Social Signature in Sanctuary-Housed Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Animals 13:1, pages 49.
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Mary Lee Jensvold. (2022) A Preliminary Assessment of Compassion Fatigue in Chimpanzee Caregivers. Animals 12:24, pages 3506.
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Maria Padrell, Federica Amici, Maria Pau Córdoba & Miquel Llorente. (2022) Cognitive enrichment in a social setting: assessing the use of a novel food maze in sanctuary-housed chimpanzees. Primates 63:5, pages 509-524.
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Olga Feliu, Marti Masip, Carmen Maté, Sònia Sánchez-López, Dietmar Crailsheim & Elfriede Kalcher-Sommersguter. (2022) Behavioural Development of Three Former Pet Chimpanzees a Decade after Arrival at the MONA Sanctuary. Animals 12:2, pages 138.
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Bernardo Aguilera, Javiera Perez Gomez & David DeGrazia. (2021) Should biomedical research with great apes be restricted? A systematic review of reasons. BMC Medical Ethics 22:1.
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Maria Padrell, Federica Amici, Maria Pau Córdoba, Albert Giberga, Antonio Broekman, Susana Almagro & Miquel Llorente. (2021) Artificial Termite-Fishing Tasks as Enrichment for Sanctuary-Housed Chimpanzees: Behavioral Effects and Impact on Welfare. Animals 11:10, pages 2941.
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Yulán Úbeda, Jaume Fatjó, Carles Rostán, Dietmar Crailsheim, Alba Gomara, Javier Almunia & Miquel Llorente. (2021) A preliminary investigation on the evaluation of psychopathologies in a group of ex-pet and ex-performer chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): A rating approach based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Journal of Veterinary Behavior 41, pages 52-64.
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Maya Kummrow. (2021) Diagnostic and Therapeutic Guidelines to Abnormal Behavior in Captive Nonhuman Primates. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 24:1, pages 253-266.
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Brooke Catherine Aldrich & David Neale. (2020) Pet Macaques in Vietnam: An NGO’s Perspective. Animals 11:1, pages 60.
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Dietmar Crailsheim, Toni Romani, Miquel Llorente & Elfriede Kalcher-Sommersguter. (2020) Assessing the sociability of former pet and entertainment chimpanzees by using multiplex networks. Scientific Reports 10:1.
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Iris M. Bergmann. (2020) Naturalness and the Legitimacy of Thoroughbred Racing: A Photo-Elicitation Study with Industry and Animal Advocacy Informants. Animals 10:9, pages 1513.
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Stephen R. Ross & Jesse G. Leinwand. (2020) A review of research in primate sanctuaries. Biology Letters 16:4, pages 20200033.
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Dietmar Crailsheim, Hans Peter Stüger, Elfriede Kalcher-Sommersguter & Miquel Llorente. (2020) Early life experience and alterations of group composition shape the social grooming networks of former pet and entertainment chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). PLOS ONE 15:1, pages e0226947.
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Jessica Bell Rizzolo & Gay Bradshaw. (2019) Nonhuman Animal Nations: Transforming Conservation into Wildlife Self-Determination. Society & Animals 29:4, pages 393-413.
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Constança Carvalho, Augusta Gaspar, Andrew Knight & Luís Vicente. (2018) Ethical and Scientific Pitfalls Concerning Laboratory Research with Non-Human Primates, and Possible Solutions. Animals 9:1, pages 12.
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Lacey Levitt. (2018) Animal maltreatment: Implications for behavioral science professionals. Behavioral Sciences & the Law 36:6, pages 766-785.
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Matthew Adams. (2018) Towards a critical psychology of human-animal relations. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 12:4, pages e12375.
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Emmanuel L. Kuyinu, Ganesh Narayanan, Lakshmi S. Nair & Cato T. Laurencin. (2016) Animal models of osteoarthritis: classification, update, and measurement of outcomes. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 11:1.
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Victoria J. Strong, Douglas Grindlay, Sharon Redrobe, Malcolm Cobb & Kate White. (2016) A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE RELATING TO CAPTIVE GREAT APE MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 47:3, pages 697-710.
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Ian P. Burges Watson, Martin Brüne & Adrian J. Bradley. (2016) The evolution of the molecular response to stress and its relevance to trauma and stressor-related disorders. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 68, pages 134-147.
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Emily Bethell, Amanda Holmes, Ann MacLarnon & Stuart Semple. (2016) Emotion Evaluation and Response Slowing in a Non-Human Primate: New Directions for Cognitive Bias Measures of Animal Emotion?. Behavioral Sciences 6:1, pages 2.
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Robert D. Latzman, Laura E. Drislane, Lisa K. Hecht, Sarah J. Brislin, Christopher J. Patrick, Scott O. Lilienfeld, Hani J. Freeman, Steven J. Schapiro & William D. Hopkins. (2015) A Chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) Model of Triarchic Psychopathy Constructs . Clinical Psychological Science 4:1, pages 50-66.
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Matthew AdamsMatthew Adams. 2016. Ecological Crisis, Sustainability and the Psychosocial Subject. Ecological Crisis, Sustainability and the Psychosocial Subject 209 234 .
Miquel Llorente, David Riba, Sandra Ballesta, Olga Feliu & Carles Rostán. (2015) Rehabilitation and Socialization of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Used for Entertainment and as Pets: An 8-Year Study at Fundació Mona. International Journal of Primatology 36:3, pages 605-624.
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Yulán Úbeda & Miquel Llorente. (2015) Personality in Sanctuary-Housed Chimpanzees: A Comparative Approach of Psychobiological and Penta-Factorial Human Models. Evolutionary Psychology 13:1, pages 147470491501300.
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Godelieve Kranendonk & Eva P. Schippers. (2014) A pilot study on the effects of a change in behavioural management on the behaviour of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 160, pages 127-137.
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Hope Ferdowsian & Agustín Fuentes. (2014) Harms and deprivation of benefits for nonhuman primates in research. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 35:2, pages 143-156.
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Elfriede Kalcher-Sommersguter, Cornelia Franz-Schaider, Signe Preuschoft & Karl Crailsheim. (2013) Long-Term Evaluation of Abnormal Behavior in Adult Ex-laboratory Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Following Re-socialization. Behavioral Sciences 3:1, pages 99-119.
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Graeme Shannon, Rob Slotow, Sarah M Durant, Katito N Sayialel, Joyce Poole, Cynthia Moss & Karen McComb. (2013) Effects of social disruption in elephants persist decades after culling. Frontiers in Zoology 10:1, pages 62.
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Stacy Lopresti-Goodman, Marjanne Kameka & Ashlynn Dube. (2012) Stereotypical Behaviors in Chimpanzees Rescued from the African Bushmeat and Pet Trade. Behavioral Sciences 3:1, pages 1-20.
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Hope R. Ferdowsian, Debra L. Durham, Cassie Meré Johnson, Martin Brüne, Charles Kimwele, Godelieve Kranendonk, Emily Otali, Timothy Akugizibwe, J.B. Mulcahy & Lilly Ajarova. (2012) Signs of generalized anxiety and compulsive disorders in chimpanzees. Journal of Veterinary Behavior 7:6, pages 353-361.
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Kathleen M. Conlee & Andrew N. Rowan. (2012) The Case for Phasing Out Experiments on Primates. Hastings Center Report 42:s1, pages S31-S34.
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Michelle Thew, Jarrod Bailey, Michael Balls & Michelle Hudson. (2012) The Ban on the use of Chimpanzees in Biomedical Research and Testing in the UK Should be Made Permanent and Legally Binding. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 40:1, pages 3-8.
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Alice Benessia, Silvio Funtowicz, Gay Bradshaw, Francesca Ferri, Ernesto F. Ráez-Luna & Charito P. Medina. (2012) Hybridizing sustainability: towards a new praxis for the present human predicament. Sustainability Science 7:S1, pages 75-89.
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Jarrod Bailey. (2011) Lessons from Chimpanzee-based Research on Human Disease: The Implications of Genetic Differences. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 39:6, pages 527-540.
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Lucy P. Birkett & Nicholas E. Newton-Fisher. (2011) How Abnormal Is the Behaviour of Captive, Zoo-Living Chimpanzees?. PLoS ONE 6:6, pages e20101.
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Hope R. Ferdowsian, Debra L. Durham, Charles Kimwele, Godelieve Kranendonk, Emily Otali, Timothy Akugizibwe, J. B. Mulcahy, Lilly Ajarova & Cassie Meré Johnson. (2011) Signs of Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Chimpanzees. PLoS ONE 6:6, pages e19855.
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Jarrod Bailey. (2010) An Assessment of the Use of Chimpanzees in Hepatitis C Research Past, Present and Future: 2. Alternative Replacement Methods. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 38:6, pages 471-494.
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Jarrod Bailey. (2010) An Assessment of the Use of Chimpanzees in Hepatitis C Research Past, Present and Future: 1. Validity of the Chimpanzee Model. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 38:5, pages 387-418.
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GA Bradshaw. (2010) You see me, but do you hear me? The science and sensibility of trans-species dialogue. Feminism & Psychology 20:3, pages 407-419.
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Jarrod Bailey. (2009) An Examination of Chimpanzee Use in Human Cancer Research. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 37:4, pages 399-416.
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Jarrod Bailey, Theodora Capaldo, Kathleen Conlee, Michelle Thew & John Pippin. (2008) Experimental use of nonhuman primates is not a simple problem. Nature Medicine 14:10, pages 1011-1012.
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Jarrod Bailey. (2008) An Assessment of the Role of Chimpanzees in AIDS Vaccine Research. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 36:4, pages 381-428.
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