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Communications in Statistics. Stochastic Models Volume 15, 1999 - Issue 5
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Original Articles

Biased coin design with imbalance tolerance

Chen Yung-Pin Department of Mathematics, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, 01063, U.S.A E-mail: [email protected]
Pages 953-975 | Received 07 Jul 1998, Accepted 22 Jun 1999, Published online: 21 Mar 2007

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Victoria P. Johnson, Michael Gekhtman & Olga M. Kuznetsova. (2023) Validity of Tests for Time-to-Event Endpoints in Studies with the Pocock and Simon Covariate-Adaptive Randomization. Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research 0:0, pages 1-15.
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Ruqayya A. Azher, James M. S. Wason & Michael J. Grayling. (2023) A Comparison of Randomization Methods for Multi-Arm Clinical Trials. Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research 0:0, pages 1-13.
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Andrew D. Althouse, Kaleab Z. Abebe, Gary S. Collins & Frank E. Harrell$suffix/text()$suffix/text(). (2018) Response to “Why all randomized controlled trials produce biased results”. Annals of Medicine 50:7, pages 545-548.
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Yanqing Hu. (2016) Generalized Efron's biased coin design and its theoretical properties. Journal of Applied Probability 53:2, pages 327-340.
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Vance W Berger. (2016) Randomization Procedures: The Case for Strong Encryption. Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal 3:1.
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Vance W Berger & Olga Antsygina. (2015) A review of randomization methods in clinical trials. Clinical Investigation 5:12, pages 847-853.
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Benjamin French, Dylan S Small, Julie Novak, Kathryn A Saulsgiver, Michael O Harhay, David A Asch, Kevin G Volpp & Scott D Halpern. (2015) Preference-adaptive randomization in comparative effectiveness studies. Trials 16:1.
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Ruchi Higham, Puvan Tharmanathan & Yvonne Birks. (2015) Use and reporting of restricted randomization: a review. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 21:6, pages 1205-1211.
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Wenle Zhao. (2014) A better alternative to stratified permuted block design for subject randomization in clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 33:30, pages 5239-5248.
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Nancy Flournoy & Assaf P. Oron. 2014. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online.
Mike D. Smith. 2014. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online.
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Mike D. Smith. 2014. Methods and Applications of Statistics in Clinical Trials. Methods and Applications of Statistics in Clinical Trials 90 105 .
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Feifang Hu, Yanqing Hu, Zhenjun Ma & William F. Rosenberger. (2014) Adaptive randomization for balancing over covariates. WIREs Computational Statistics 6:4, pages 288-303.
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Olga M. KuznetsovaYevgen Tymofyeyev. (2014) Wide brick tunnel randomization - an unequal allocation procedure that limits the imbalance in treatment totals. Statistics in Medicine 33:9, pages 1514-1530.
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Alessandro Baldi Antognini & Maroussa Zagoraiou. (2014) Balance and randomness in sequential clinical trials: the dominant biased coin design. Pharmaceutical Statistics 13:2, pages 119-127.
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Anthony C. Atkinson. (2014) Selecting a Biased-Coin Design. Statistical Science 29:1.
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Baoguang Han, Menggang Yu & Damian McEntegart. (2013) Weighted re-randomization tests for minimization with unbalanced allocation. Pharmaceutical Statistics 12:4, pages 243-253.
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Nancy Flournoy & Assaf P. Oron. 2001. Encyclopedia of Environmetrics. Encyclopedia of Environmetrics.
Wenle Zhao, Yanqiu Weng, Qi Wu & Yuko Palesch. (2011) Quantitative comparison of randomization designs in sequential clinical trials based on treatment balance and allocation randomness. Pharmaceutical Statistics 11:1, pages 39-48.
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Wenle Zhao & Yanqiu Weng. (2011) Block urn design — A new randomization algorithm for sequential trials with two or more treatments and balanced or unbalanced allocation. Contemporary Clinical Trials 32:6, pages 953-961.
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Atanu Biswas & Rahul Bhattacharya. 2010. Handbook of Adaptive Designs in Pharmaceutical and Clinical Development. Handbook of Adaptive Designs in Pharmaceutical and Clinical Development 17-1 17-19 .
Tigran Markaryan & William F. Rosenberger. (2010) Exact properties of Efron’s biased coin randomization procedure. The Annals of Statistics 38:3.
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Alessandro Baldi Antognini. (2008) A theoretical analysis of the power of biased coin designs. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 138:6, pages 1792-1798.
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Vance W. Berger & William C. Grant. 2007. Wiley Encyclopedia of Clinical Trials. Wiley Encyclopedia of Clinical Trials 1 10 .
William C. Grant & Kevin J. Anstrom. (2008) Minimizing selection bias in randomized trials: A Nash equilibrium approach to optimal randomization. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 66:3-4, pages 606-624.
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Mike D. Smith. 2007. Wiley Encyclopedia of Clinical Trials. Wiley Encyclopedia of Clinical Trials 1 13 .
Yung-Pin Chen. (2006) The power of Efron's biased coin design. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 136:6, pages 1824-1835.
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Samuel Kotz, Campbell B. Read, N. Balakrishnan, Brani Vidakovic & Norman L. JohnsonMike D. Smith. 2004. Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences. Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences 1 14 .
Samuel Kotz, Campbell B. Read, N. Balakrishnan, Brani Vidakovic & Norman L. JohnsonVance W. Berger & William C. Grant. 2004. Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences. Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences 1 10 .
Samuel Kotz, Campbell B. Read, N. Balakrishnan, Brani Vidakovic & Norman L. JohnsonMike D. Smith. 2004. Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences. Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences 1 14 .
Alessandro Baldi Antognini & Alessandra Giovagnoli. (2004) A New ‘Biased Coin Design’ for the Sequential Allocation of Two Treatments. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C: Applied Statistics 53:4, pages 651-664.
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A. Giovagnoli. 2004. mODa 7 — Advances in Model-Oriented Design and Analysis. mODa 7 — Advances in Model-Oriented Design and Analysis 81 88 .
Nancy Flournoy. 2001. Encyclopedia of Environmetrics. Encyclopedia of Environmetrics.
Yung-Pin Chen. (2016) Which design is better? Ehrenfest urn versus biased coin. Advances in Applied Probability 32:3, pages 738-749.
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