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Executive Functions: Formative Versus Reflective Measurement

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Read on this site (10)

Eva Michel & Antonia Bimmüller. (2023) The factorial structure of executive functions in kindergarten children: an explorative study. Child Neuropsychology 29:6, pages 862-885.
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Steven J. Holochwost, Deaven Winebrake, Eleanor D. Brown, Keith R. Happaney, Nicholas J. Wagner & W. Roger Mills-Koonce. (2023) An Ecological Systems Perspective on Individual Differences in Children’s Performance on Measures of Executive Function. Journal of Cognition and Development 24:2, pages 223-240.
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Steven J. Holochwost, Vanessa V. Volpe, Iheoma U. Iruka & W. Roger Mills-Koonce. (2020) Maternal warmth, intrusiveness, and executive functions in early childhood: tracing developmental processes among African American children. Early Child Development and Care 190:2, pages 210-218.
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Steven J. Holochwost, Cathi B. Propper, Peter D. Rehder, Guan Wang, Nicholas J. Wagner & Jennifer L. Coffman. (2019) Parasympathetic Function: Relevance and Methodology for Early Education Research. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness 12:4, pages 728-749.
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Michael T. Willoughby, Benjamin Piper, Dunston Kwayumba & Megan McCune. (2019) Measuring executive function skills in young children in Kenya. Child Neuropsychology 25:4, pages 425-444.
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Alex Baron & Lars-Erik Malmberg. (2019) A vicious or auspicious cycle: The reciprocal relation between harsh parental discipline and children’s self-regulation. European Journal of Developmental Psychology 16:3, pages 302-317.
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Michael T. Willoughby, Laura J. Kuhn, Clancy B. Blair, Anya Samek & John A. List. (2017) The test–retest reliability of the latent construct of executive function depends on whether tasks are represented as formative or reflective indicators. Child Neuropsychology 23:7, pages 822-837.
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Joan Peskin, Julie Comay, Xi Chen & Carly Prusky. (2016) Does Theory of Mind in Pre-kindergarten Predict the Ability to Think About a Reader’s Mind in Elementary School Compositions? A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Cognition and Development 17:3, pages 396-417.
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Michael T. Willoughby. (2014) Formative Versus Reflective Measurement of Executive Function Tasks: Response to Commentaries and Another Perspective. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives 12:4, pages 173-178.
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Eric Peterson & Marilyn C. Welsh. (2014) Formative Versus Reflective Measurement in Executive Functions: A Critique of Willoughby et al.. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives 12:4, pages 169-172.
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Articles from other publishers (17)

Isis Angelica Segura, Sareh Panjeh, Hugo Cogo-Moreira, Ali Nouri, Monica Carolina Miranda, Fattaneh Esmaeili, Heliya Seyedi & Sabine Pompéia. (2022) Fractionation of executive functions in adolescents from Iran: invariance across age and socioeconomic status. Current Psychology 42:34, pages 30147-30163.
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Eric D. Wilkey. (2023) The Domain‐Specificity of Domain‐Generality: Attention, Executive Function, and Academic Skills. Mind, Brain, and Education 17:4, pages 349-361.
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Carlotta Rivella, Costanza Ruffini, Clara Bombonato, Agnese Capodieci, Andrea Frascari, Gian Marco Marzocchi, Alessandra Mingozzi, Chiara Pecini, Laura Traverso, Maria Carmen Usai & Paola Viterbori. (2023) TeleFE: A New Tool for the Tele-Assessment of Executive Functions in Children. Applied Sciences 13:3, pages 1728.
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John Roger Andersen, Kyrre Breivik, Inger Elise Engelund, Marjolein M. Iversen, Jorunn Kirkeleit, Tone Merete Norekvål, Kjersti Oterhals & Anette Storesund. (2022) Correlated physical and mental health composite scores for the RAND-36 and RAND-12 health surveys: can we keep them simple?. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 20:1.
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Elena Gandolfi & Paola Viterbori. (2020) Inhibitory Control Skills and Language Acquisition in Toddlers and Preschool Children. Language Learning 70:3, pages 604-642.
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Stephen X. Zhang, Shuhua Sun, Asghar Afshar Jahanshahi, Aldo Alvarez-Risco, Verónica García Ibarra, Jizhen Li & Ross Mary Patty-Tito. (2020) Developing and testing a measure of COVID-19 organizational support of healthcare workers – results from Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia. Psychiatry Research 291, pages 113174.
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Saundra M. Tabet, Glenn W. Lambie, Shiva Jahani & S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh. (2019) The Factor Structure of Outcome Questionnaire–45.2 Scores Using Confirmatory Tetrad Analysis–Partial Least Squares. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 38:3, pages 350-368.
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M. Paula Daneri, Clancy Blair & Laura J. Kuhn. (2018) Maternal Language and Child Vocabulary Mediate Relations Between Socioeconomic Status and Executive Function During Early Childhood. Child Development 90:6, pages 2001-2018.
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Brooke E. Magnus, Michael T. Willoughby, Clancy B. Blair & Laura J. Kuhn. (2017) Integrating Item Accuracy and Reaction Time to Improve the Measurement of Inhibitory Control Abilities in Early Childhood. Assessment 26:7, pages 1296-1306.
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Jelena Obradović, Jenna E. Finch, Ximena A. Portilla, Muneera A. Rasheed, Nicole Tirado‐Strayer & Aisha K. Yousafzai. (2019) Early executive functioning in a global context: Developmental continuity and family protective factors. Developmental Science 22:5.
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Michael T. Willoughby, Clancy B. Blair, Laura J. Kuhn & Brooke E. Magnus. (2018) The benefits of adding a brief measure of simple reaction time to the assessment of executive function skills in early childhood. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 170, pages 30-44.
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Artemisa R. Dores, Fernando Barbosa, Irene P. Carvalho, Isabel Almeida, Sandra Guerreiro, Benedita Martins da Rocha, Gil Cunha, Miguel Castelo Branco, Liliana de Sousa & Alexandre Castro Caldas. (2017) An fMRI paradigm based on Williams inhibition test to study the neural substrates of attention and inhibitory control. Neurological Sciences 38:12, pages 2145-2152.
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Michael T. Willoughby, Brooke Magnus, Lynne Vernon-Feagans & Clancy B. Blair. (2016) Developmental Delays in Executive Function from 3 to 5 Years of Age Predict Kindergarten Academic Readiness. Journal of Learning Disabilities 50:4, pages 359-372.
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Alexis Brieant, Christopher J. Holmes, Kirby Deater‐Deckard, Brooks King‐Casas & Jungmeen Kim‐Spoon. (2017) Household chaos as a context for intergenerational transmission of executive functioning. Journal of Adolescence 58:1, pages 40-48.
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Michael T. Willoughby. (2016) COMMENTARY ON THE CHANGING NATURE OF EXECUTIVE CONTROL IN PRESCHOOL. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 81:4, pages 151-165.
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Kristine Stadskleiv, Reidun Jahnsen & Stephen von Tetzchner. (2016) Structure of Executive Functioning in Children with Cerebral Palsy: an Investigation of Anderson’s Developmental Model. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 28:5, pages 665-684.
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Clancy Blair. (2016) Developmental Science and Executive Function. Current Directions in Psychological Science 25:1, pages 3-7.
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