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Nonthermal Biological Effects of Microwaves: Current Knowledge, Further Perspective, and Urgent Needs

Pages 375-403 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

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Pooja Jangid, Umesh Rai, Radhey Shyam Sharma & Rajeev Singh. (2023) The role of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on female fertility: A review. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 33:4, pages 358-373.
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Vladimir I. Makarov & Igor Khmelinskii. (2014) External control of the Drosophila melanogaster lifespan by combination of 3D oscillating low-frequency electric and magnetic fields. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 33:4, pages 276-281.
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Sanjay Kumar, J. Behari & Rashmi Sisodia. (2012) Impact of Microwave at X-Band in the aetiology of male infertility. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 31:3, pages 223-232.
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Göknur Güler, Arin Tomruk, Elcin Ozgur, Duygu Sahin, Aylin Sepici, Nilgun Altan & Nesrin Seyhan. (2012) The effect of radiofrequency radiation on DNA and lipid damage in female and male infant rabbits. International Journal of Radiation Biology 88:4, pages 367-373.
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A. Y. Matronchik & I. Y. Belyaev. (2008) Mechanism for Combined Action of Microwaves and Static Magnetic Field: Slow Non Uniform Rotation of Charged Nucleoid. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 27:4, pages 340-354.
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Articles from other publishers (36)

Sahin Bozok, Erturk Karaagac, Dila Sener, Dilek Akakin & Levent Tumkaya. (2022) The effects of long-term prenatal exposure to 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz electromagnetic field radiation on myocardial tissue of rats. Toxicology and Industrial Health 39:1, pages 1-9.
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Sushma Kumari & Sujoy Kumar Samanta. (2022) The evolution of microwave assisted thermal processing of pre-transfusion human blood: A review. Materials Today: Proceedings 57, pages 1877-1883.
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Satoshi Horikoshi & Nick Serpone. 2022. Agritech: Innovative Agriculture Using Microwaves and Plasmas. Agritech: Innovative Agriculture Using Microwaves and Plasmas 3 11 .
R A Korablev, V P Belocurov & E N Busarin. (2021) Effect mechanisms of ultrahigh-frequency radiation on biological objects. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 875:1, pages 012017.
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E.A. Mahmoud & A. Gabarty. (2021) Impact of Electromagnetic Radiation on Honey Stomach Ultrastructure and the Body Chemical Element Composition of Apis mellifera. African Entomology 29:1.
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Aparna Das & Bimal Krishna Banik. 2021. Microwaves in Chemistry Applications. Microwaves in Chemistry Applications 245 281 .
David Calderón-Franco, Qingnan Lin, Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht, Ben Abbas & David G. Weissbrodt. (2020) Anticipating Xenogenic Pollution at the Source: Impact of Sterilizations on DNA Release From Microbial Cultures. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 8.
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Lin Zhu, Hang Zhao, Bijian Lan, Lei Hou, Siyi Bi, Yumeng Xu & Yinxiang Lu. (2020) Bio-inspired Fabrication of Cu-Ni Coatings onto Mercerized Flax Fabric by Electroless Plating. Fibers and Polymers 21:2, pages 324-333.
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Miroslav Kohan, Miroslava Spronglova, Nadezda Visnovcova, Jakub Misek, Gabriela Spanikova, Viera Jakusova & Jan Jakus. (2020) Monitoring of Data Transmission and Changes in Values of Electromagnetic Field in Living Environment. Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 22:1, pages 71-76.
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Jinyu Sun, Jesse Vanloon & Hongbin Yan. (2019) Influence of microwave irradiation on DNA hybridization and polymerase reactions. Tetrahedron Letters 60:39, pages 151060.
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Sina Atrin Mazinani, Nour Noaman, Melissa R. Pergande, Stephanie M. Cologna, Jens Coorssen & Hongbin Yan. (2019) Exposure to microwave irradiation at constant culture temperature slows the growth of Escherichia coli DE3 cells, leading to modified proteomic profiles . RSC Advances 9:21, pages 11810-11817.
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Gamze Altun, Ömür Gülsüm Deniz, Kıymet Kübra Yurt, Devra Davis & Süleyman Kaplan. (2018) Effects of mobile phone exposure on metabolomics in the male and female reproductive systems. Environmental Research 167, pages 700-707.
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Anang K. Singh, P. S. Burada, Susmita Bhattacharya, Sudipta Bag, Amitabha Bhattacharya, Swagata Dasgupta & Anushree Roy. (2018) Microwave-radiation-induced molecular structural rearrangement of hen egg-white lysozyme. Physical Review E 97:5.
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Ioan Calinescu, Alexandru Vlaicu, Petre Chipurici, Daniel Ighigeanu & Vasile Lavric. (2018) Alcoholic fermentation in the presence of microwaves. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification 126, pages 16-22.
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Sergii Romanenko, Ryan Begley, Alan R. Harvey, Livia Hool & Vincent P. Wallace. (2017) The interaction between electromagnetic fields at megahertz, gigahertz and terahertz frequencies with cells, tissues and organisms: risks and potential. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14:137, pages 20170585.
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Danylo BabichAlexandr KylskyValentina PobiedinaAndrey Yakunov. Application of fluorescent dyes for some problems of bioelectromagnetics. Application of fluorescent dyes for some problems of bioelectromagnetics.
Heghine Torgomyan & Armen Trchounian. (2014) The Enhanced Effects of Antibiotics Irradiated of Extremely High Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Escherichia coli Growth Properties. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 71:1, pages 419-424.
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Maxim Komnatnov & Talgat Gazizov. (2014) Environmental shielded TEM chamber for biomedical testing. Environmental shielded TEM chamber for biomedical testing.
Shu-Wei Zeng, Qi-Lin Huang & Si-Ming Zhao. (2014) Effects of microwave irradiation dose and time on Yeast ZSM-001 growth and cell membrane permeability. Food Control 46, pages 360-367.
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Nataliia Kuzkova, Oleksandr Popenko & Andrey Yakunov. (2014) Application of Temperature-Dependent Fluorescent Dyes to the Measurement of Millimeter Wave Absorption in Water Applied to Biomedical Experiments. International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2014, pages 1-5.
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Heghine Torgomyan, Karlen Hovnanyan & Armen Trchounian. (2012) Escherichia coli Growth Changes by the Mediated Effects After Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Irradiation of Extremely High Frequencies. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 65:3, pages 445-454.
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Akram Asadi, Neda Soltani & AliAkbar Asadi. (2012) Effect of various microwave frequencies on the physiology of a cyanobacterium, Schizothrix mexicana. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 35:4, pages 1367-1372.
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Cindy Sage. (2012) The similar effects of low-dose ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation from background environmental levels of exposure. The Environmentalist 32:2, pages 144-156.
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Heghine Torgomyan, Vahe Ohanyan, Syuzanna Blbulyan, Vitaly Kalantaryan & Armen Trchounian. (2012) Electromagnetic irradiation of Enterococcus hirae at low-intensity 51.8- and 53.0-GHz frequencies: changes in bacterial cell membrane properties and enhanced antibiotics effects. FEMS Microbiology Letters 329:2, pages 131-137.
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Amerigo Beneduci, Luigi Filippelli, Katia Cosentino, Maria L. Calabrese, Rita Massa & Giuseppe Chidichimo. (2012) Microwave induced shift of the main phase transition in phosphatidylcholine membranes. Bioelectrochemistry 84, pages 18-24.
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Heghine Torgomyan & Armen Trchounian. (2011) Escherichia coli Membrane-Associated Energy-Dependent Processes and Sensitivity Toward Antibiotics Changes as Responses to Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Irradiation of 70.6 and 73 GHz Frequencies. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 62:3, pages 451-461.
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Heghine Torgomyan & Armen Trchounian. (2011) Low-intensity electromagnetic irradiation of 70.6 and 73 GHz frequencies enhances the effects of disulfide bonds reducer on Escherichia coli growth and affects the bacterial surface oxidation–reduction state. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 414:1, pages 265-269.
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Heghine Torgomyan, Vitaly Kalantaryan & Armen Trchounian. (2011) Low Intensity Electromagnetic Irradiation with 70.6 and 73 GHz Frequencies Affects Escherichia coli Growth and Changes Water Properties. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 60:3, pages 275-281.
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Michal Cifra, Jeremy Z. Fields & Ashkan Farhadi. (2011) Electromagnetic cellular interactions. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 105:3, pages 223-246.
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Christine Kowalczuk, Gemma Yarwood, Roger Blackwell, Marisa Priestner, Zenon Sienkiewicz, Simon Bouffler, Iftekhar Ahmed, Raed Abd-Alhameed, Peter Excell, Vildana Hodzic, Christopher Davis, Robert Gammon & Quirino Balzano. (2010) Absence of nonlinear responses in cells and tissues exposed to RF energy at mobile phone frequencies using a doubly resonant cavity. Bioelectromagnetics 31:7, pages 556-565.
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Ondřej Kučera, Michal Cifra & Jiří Pokorný. (2010) Technical aspects of measurement of cellular electromagnetic activity. European Biophysics Journal 39:10, pages 1465-1470.
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D. T. Pooley. (2010) Bioelectromagnetics, complex behaviour and psychotherapeutic potential. QJM 103:8, pages 545-554.
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Eva Markovà, Lars O.G. Malmgren & Igor Y. Belyaev. (2010) Microwaves from Mobile Phones Inhibit 53BP1 Focus Formation in Human Stem Cells More Strongly Than in Differentiated Cells: Possible Mechanistic Link to Cancer Risk. Environmental Health Perspectives 118:3, pages 394-399.
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Arin Tomruk, Goknur Guler & Aylin Sepici Dincel. (2009) The Influence of 1800 MHz GSM-like Signals on Hepatic Oxidative DNA and Lipid Damage in Nonpregnant, Pregnant, and Newly born Rabbits. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 56:1, pages 39-47.
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Jeffrey R. Reimers, Laura K. McKemmish, Ross H. McKenzie, Alan E. Mark & Noel S. Hush. (2009) Weak, strong, and coherent regimes of Fröhlich condensation and their applications to terahertz medicine and quantum consciousness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:11, pages 4219-4224.
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Igor Y. Belyaev, Eva Markovà, Lena Hillert, Lars O.G. Malmgren & Bertil R.R. Persson. (2009) Microwaves from UMTS/GSM mobile phones induce long-lasting inhibition of 53BP1/γ-H2AX DNA repair foci in human lymphocytes. Bioelectromagnetics 30:2, pages 129-141.
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