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Original Articles

An Historical Framework for Cohort Differences in Intelligence

Pages 43-67 | Published online: 22 Jun 2011

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

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Lisa V. Graves, Lisa Drozdick, Troy Courville, Thomas J. Farrer, Paul E. Gilbert & Dean C. Delis. (2021) Cohort differences on the CVLT-II and CVLT3: Evidence of a negative Flynn effect on the attention/working memory and learning trials. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 35:3, pages 615-632.
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Peter Graffy, Sara McKinnon, Garrett Lee & Patrick Remington. (2019) Life Outside: A Narrative Ethnographic Inquiry into the Determinants of Homelessness. Journal of Poverty 23:3, pages 202-228.
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Jonathan Lee Helm, Nilam Ram, Pamela M. Cole & Sy-Miin Chow. (2016) Modeling Self-Regulation as a Process Usinga Multiple Time-Scale Multiphase Latent Basis Growth Model. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 23:5, pages 635-648.
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Nicholas Benson, A. Alexander Beaujean & Gordon E. Taub. (2015) Using Score Equating and Measurement Invariance to Examine the Flynn Effect in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Multivariate Behavioral Research 50:4, pages 398-415.
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DavidJ. Llewellyn, FionaE. Matthews & The Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS). (2009) Increasing Levels of Semantic Verbal Fluency in Elderly English Adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 16:4, pages 433-445.
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Articles from other publishers (46)

Shuai Guo & Xiao-Ying Zheng. (2023) New evidence of trends in cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in China, 2011-2018: an age-period-cohort analysis. BMC Geriatrics 23:1.
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Christiane A. Hoppmann & Theresa Pauly. (2022) A lifespan psychological perspective on solitude. International Journal of Behavioral Development 46:6, pages 473-480.
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Evan J. Giangrande, Christopher R. Beam, Deborah Finkel, Deborah W. Davis & Eric Turkheimer. (2021) Genetically informed, multilevel analysis of the Flynn Effect across four decades and three WISC versions. Child Development 93:1.
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Macarena Sánchez-Izquierdo & Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros. (2021) Cognition in Healthy Aging. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18:3, pages 962.
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Kallol Kumar BhattacharyyaKallol Kumar Bhattacharyya. 2021. Rethinking the Aging Transition. Rethinking the Aging Transition 101 114 .
Dorota Buczyłowska, Pola Ronniger, Jessica Melzer & Franz Petermann. (2019) Sex Similarities and Differences in Intelligence in Children Aged Two to Eight: Analysis of SON-R 2–8 Scores. Journal of Intelligence 7:2, pages 11.
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Amanda Leggett, Philippa Clarke, Kara Zivin, Ryan J. McCammon, Michael R. Elliott & Kenneth M. Langa. (2017) Recent Improvements in Cognitive Functioning Among Older U.S. Adults: How Much Does Increasing Educational Attainment Explain?. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B.
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Valgeir Thorvaldsson, Peter Karlsson, Johan Skoog, Ingmar Skoog & Boo Johansson. (2016) Better Cognition in New Birth Cohorts of 70 Year Olds, But Greater Decline Thereafter. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 72:1, pages 16-24.
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Gizem Hülür. 2017. Personality Development Across the Lifespan. Personality Development Across the Lifespan 519 536 .
Florian Schmiedek. 2017. Personality Development Across the Lifespan. Personality Development Across the Lifespan 309 323 .
K. Warner Schaie & Sherry L. Willis. 2017. Encyclopedia of Geropsychology. Encyclopedia of Geropsychology 1068 1086 .
Markus Wettstein & Hans-Werner Wahl. 2017. Encyclopedia of Geropsychology. Encyclopedia of Geropsychology 1823 1831 .
Andrea M. Piccinin & Jamie E. Knight. 2017. Encyclopedia of Geropsychology. Encyclopedia of Geropsychology 1103 1109 .
Gizem Hülür, Nilam Ram, Sherry Willis, K. Schaie & Denis Gerstorf. (2016) Cognitive Aging in the Seattle Longitudinal Study: Within-Person Associations of Primary Mental Abilities with Psychomotor Speed and Cognitive Flexibility. Journal of Intelligence 4:3, pages 12.
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Qolamreza R. Razlighi, Hwamee Oh, Christian Habeck, Deirdre O'Shea, Elaine Gazes, Teal Eich, David B. Parker, Seonjoo Lee & Yaakov Stern. (2016) Dynamic Patterns of Brain Structure–Behavior Correlation Across the Lifespan. Cerebral Cortex.
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Ingmar Skoog. (2016) Dementia: Dementia incidence ? the times, they are a-changing. Nature Reviews Neurology 12:6, pages 316-318.
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F. E. Matthews, B. C. M. Stephan, L. Robinson, C. Jagger, L. E. Barnes, A. Arthur, C. Brayne, A. Comas-Herrera, R. Wittenberg, T. Dening, C.F.M. McCracken, C. Moody, B. Parry, E. Green, R. Barnes, J. Warwick, L. Gao, A. Mattison, C. Baldwin, S. Harrison, B. Woods, I.G. McKeith, P.G. Ince, S.B. Wharton & G. Forster. (2016) A two decade dementia incidence comparison from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies I and II. Nature Communications 7:1.
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Shawn Dorius, Duane Alwin & Juliana Pacheco. (2016) Twentieth Century Intercohort Trends in Verbal Ability in the United States. Sociological Science 3, pages 383-412.
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Gizem Hülür, Johanna Drewelies, Peter Eibich, Sandra Düzel, Ilja Demuth, Paolo Ghisletta, Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, Gert G. Wagner, Ulman Lindenberger & Denis Gerstorf. (2016) Cohort Differences in Psychosocial Function over 20 Years: Current Older Adults Feel Less Lonely and Less Dependent on External Circumstances. Gerontology 62:3, pages 354-361.
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Christopher P. Salas-Wright, Michael G. Vaughn & Jennifer M. Reingle GonzálezChristopher P. Salas-Wright, Michael G. Vaughn & Jennifer M. Reingle González. 2016. Drug Abuse and Antisocial Behavior. Drug Abuse and Antisocial Behavior 157 180 .
S.F. Sacuiu. 2016. Neuroepidemiology. Neuroepidemiology 123 151 .
Markus Wettstein & Hans-Werner Wahl. 2015. Encyclopedia of Geropsychology. Encyclopedia of Geropsychology 1 9 .
Michiko Yamada, Reid D. Landes, Yasuyo Mimori, Yoshito Nagano & Hideo Sasaki. (2015) Trajectories of cognitive function in dementia-free subjects: Radiation Effects Research Foundation Adult Health Study. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 351:1-2, pages 115-119.
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K. Warner Schaie. 2014. The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology. The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology 1 6 .
Gilles E. Gignac. (2015) The magical numbers 7 and 4 are resistant to the Flynn effect: No evidence for increases in forward or backward recall across 85 years of data. Intelligence 48, pages 85-95.
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K. Warner Schaie & Sherry L. Willis. 2015. Encyclopedia of Geropsychology. Encyclopedia of Geropsychology 1 19 .
Andrea M. Piccinin & Jamie E. Knight. 2015. Encyclopedia of Geropsychology. Encyclopedia of Geropsychology 1 7 .
Sarah Missinne, Christophe Vandeviver, Sarah Van de Velde & Piet Bracke. (2014) Measurement equivalence of the CES-D 8 depression-scale among the ageing population in eleven European countries. Social Science Research 46, pages 38-47.
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H. H. Dodge, J. Zhu, C.-W. Lee, C.-C. H. Chang & M. Ganguli. (2013) Cohort Effects in Age-Associated Cognitive Trajectories. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 69:6, pages 687-694.
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Alexander Beaujean & Yanyan Sheng. (2014) Assessing the Flynn Effect in the Wechsler Scales. Journal of Individual Differences 35:2, pages 63-78.
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Jocelyne de Rotrou, Ya-Huei Wu, Jean-Bernard Mabire, Florence Moulin, Laura W. de Jong, Anne-Sophie Rigaud, Olivier Hanon & Jean-Sébastien Vidal. (2013) Does Cognitive Function Increase over Time in the Healthy Elderly?. PLoS ONE 8:11, pages e78646.
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Kaare Christensen, Mikael Thinggaard, Anna Oksuzyan, Troels Steenstrup, Karen Andersen-Ranberg, Bernard Jeune, Matt McGue & James W Vaupel. (2013) Physical and cognitive functioning of people older than 90 years: a comparison of two Danish cohorts born 10 years apart. The Lancet 382:9903, pages 1507-1513.
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Mark Stemmler, Ralf Horn, Hartmut Lehfeld, Franz Petermann & Jelena Siebert. (2013) Entwicklungsdiagnostik im Alter. Diagnostica 59:4, pages 192-201.
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Paul R. Borghesani, Tara M. Madhyastha, Elizabeth H. Aylward, Maya A. Reiter, Bruce R. Swarny, K. Warner Schaie & Sherry L. Willis. (2013) The association between higher order abilities, processing speed, and age are variably mediated by white matter integrity during typical aging. Neuropsychologia 51:8, pages 1435-1444.
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Fiona Matthews, Riccardo Marioni & Carol Brayne. (2012) Examining the influence of gender, education, social class and birth cohort on MMSE tracking over time: a population-based prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatrics 12:1.
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Jinmyoung Cho, Peter Martin, Jennifer Margrett, Maurice MacDonald, Leonard W. Poon & Mary Ann Johnson. (2012) Cohort comparisons in resources and functioning among centenarians: Findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study. International Journal of Behavioral Development 36:4, pages 271-278.
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Paul R. Borghesani, Kurt E. Weaver, Elizabeth H. Aylward, Anne L. Richards, Tara M. Madhyastha, Ali R. Kahn, Olivia Liang, Rachel L. Ellenbogen, M. Faisal Beg, K. Warner Schaie & Sherry L. Willis. (2012) Midlife memory improvement predicts preservation of hippocampal volume in old age. Neurobiology of Aging 33:7, pages 1148-1155.
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Nicky Newton, Cynthia Torges & Abigail Stewart. (2012) Women’s Regrets About Their Lives: Cohort Differences in Correlates and Contents. Sex Roles 66:7-8, pages 530-543.
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Denis Gerstorf & Nilam Ram. 2012. The Wiley‐Blackwell Handbook of Adulthood and Aging. The Wiley‐Blackwell Handbook of Adulthood and Aging 49 71 .
Katharina Janz, Claudia Buengeler, Robert A. Eckhoff, Astrid C. Homan & Sven C. Voelpel. 2012. Handbook of Research on Workforce Diversity in a Global Society. Handbook of Research on Workforce Diversity in a Global Society 163 184 .
Manfred F. Greiffenstein. (2011) Secular IQ Increases by Epigenesis? The Hypothesis of Cognitive Genotype Optimization. Psychological Reports 109:2, pages 353-366.
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Anu Realo & Henrik Dobewall. (2011) Does life satisfaction change with age? A comparison of Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Sweden. Journal of Research in Personality 45:3, pages 297-308.
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K.Warner Schaie. 2011. Handbook of the Psychology of Aging. Handbook of the Psychology of Aging 41 55 .
Richard N. Jones, Tamara G. Fong, Eran Metzger, Samir Tulebaev, Frances M. Yang, David C. Alsop, Edward R. Marcantonio, L Adrienne Cupples, Gary Gottlieb & Sharon K. Inouye. (2010) Aging, Brain Disease, and Reserve: Implications for Delirium. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 18:2, pages 117-127.
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K. Warner Schaie. (2009) ?When does age-related cognitive decline begin?? Salthouse again reifies the ?cross-sectional fallacy?. Neurobiology of Aging 30:4, pages 528-529.
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K.W. Schaie. 2007. Encyclopedia of Gerontology. Encyclopedia of Gerontology 601 610 .

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