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Original Articles

Isocyanate Exposures in Autobody Shop Work: The SPRAY Study

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Pages 570-581 | Published online: 17 Aug 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (16)

Adam V. Wisnewski, Jean Kanyo, Jennifer Asher, James A. Goodrich, Grace Barnett, Lyn Patrylak, Jian Liu, Carrie A. Redlich & Ala F. Nassar. (2018) Reaction products of hexamethylene diisocyanate vapors with “self” molecules in the airways of rabbits exposed via tracheostomy. Xenobiotica 48:5, pages 488-497.
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L. M. Brosseau, A. Bejan, D. L. Parker, M. Skan & M. Xi. (2014) Workplace Safety and Health Programs, Practices, and Conditions in Auto Collision Repair Businesses. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 11:6, pages 354-365.
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Diana Ceballos, Carolyn Reeb-Whitaker, Patricia Glazer, Helen Murphy-Robinson & Michael Yost. (2014) Understanding Factors That Influence Protective Glove Use Among Automotive Spray Painters. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 11:5, pages 306-313.
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AngelaR. Lemons, PaulD. Siegel, Morgen Mhike, BrandonF. Law, JustinM. Hettick, ToniA. Bledsoe, AjayP. Nayak, DonaldH. Beezhold & BrettJ. Green. (2014) A Murine Monoclonal Antibody with Broad Specificity for Occupationally Relevant Diisocyanates. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 11:2, pages 101-110.
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Carolyn Reeb-Whitaker, NaomiJ. Anderson & DavidK. Bonauto. (2013) Prevention Guidance for Isocyanate-Induced Asthma Using Occupational Surveillance Data. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 10:11, pages 597-608.
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ThomasT. De Vries, Dhimiter Bello, MeredithH. Stowe, Homero Harari, MartinD. Slade & CarrieA. Redlich. (2012) Transferability of Aliphatic Isocyanates from Recently Applied Paints to the Skin of Auto Body Shop Workers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 9:12, pages 699-711.
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Carolyn Reeb-Whitaker, StephenG. Whittaker, DianaM. Ceballos, ElisaC. Weiland, SheilaL. Flack, KennethW. Fent, JenniferM. Thomasen, LindaG. Trelles Gaines & LeenaA. Nylander-French. (2012) Airborne Isocyanate Exposures in the Collision Repair Industry and a Comparison to Occupational Exposure Limits. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 9:5, pages 329-339.
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DianaM. Ceballos, KennethW. Fent, StephenG. Whittaker, LindaG.T. Gaines, JenniferM. Thomasen, SheilaL. Flack, LeenaA. Nylander-French, MichaelG. Yost & CarolynK. Reeb-Whitaker. (2011) Survey of Dermal Protection in Washington State Collision Repair Industry. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 8:9, pages 551-560.
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Anca Bejan, LisaM. Brosseau & DavidL. Parker. (2011) Exposure Assessment in Auto Collision Repair Shops. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 8:7, pages 401-408.
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Sheila L. Flack, Kenneth W. Fent, Linda G. T. Gaines, Jennifer M. Thomasen, Stephen G. Whittaker, Louise M. Ball & Leena A. Nylander-French. (2011) Hemoglobin adducts in workers exposed to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate. Biomarkers 16:3, pages 261-270.
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DianaM. Ceballos, MichaelG. Yost, StephenG. Whittaker, Janice Camp & Russell Dills. (2009) Objective Color Scale for the SWYPE Surface Sampling Technique Using Computerized Image Analysis Tools. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 6:10, pages 604-611.
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StephenG. Whittaker & Carolyn Reeb-Whitaker. (2009) Characterizing the Health and Safety Needs of the Collision Repair Industry. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 6:5, pages 273-282.
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SusanR. Woskie, Dhimiter Bello, RebeccaJ. Gore, MeredithH. Stowe, EllenA. Eisen, Youcheng Liu, JudyA. Sparer, CarrieA. Redlich & MarkR. Cullen. (2008) Comparison of Task-Based Exposure Metrics for an Epidemiologic Study of Isocyanate Inhalation Exposures Among Autobody Shop Workers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 5:9, pages 588-598.
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Luis Velázquez, Dhimiter Bello, Nora Munguia, Andrea Zavala, Amina Marin & Rafael Moure-Eraso. (2008) A Survey of Environmental and Occupational Work Practices in the Automotive Refinishing Industry of a Developing Country: Sonora, Mexico. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 14:2, pages 104-111.
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Dhimiter Bello, Judy Sparer, CarrieA. Redlich, Karim Ibrahim, MeredithH. Stowe & Youcheng Liu. (2007) Slow Curing of Aliphatic Polyisocyanate Paints in Automotive Refinishing: A Potential Source for Skin Exposure. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 4:6, pages 406-411.
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Youcheng Liu, MeredithH. Stowe, Dhimiter Bello, SusanR. Woskie, Judy Sparer, Rebecca Gore, Fred Youngs, MarkR. Cullen & CarrieA. Redlich. (2006) Respiratory Protection from Isocyanate Exposure in the Autobody Repair and Refinishing Industry. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 3:5, pages 234-249.
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Articles from other publishers (30)

Pasi Huuskonen, Simo P. Porras, Bernice Scholten, Lützen Portengen, Sanni Uuksulainen, Katriina Ylinen & Tiina Santonen. (2023) Occupational Exposure and Health Impact Assessment of Diisocyanates in Finland. Toxics 11:3, pages 229.
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Chen Wang, James M. Mattila, Delphine K. Farmer, Caleb Arata, Allen H. Goldstein & Jonathan P.D. Abbatt. (2022) Behavior of Isocyanic Acid and Other Nitrogen-Containing Volatile Organic Compounds in The Indoor Environment. Environmental Science & Technology 56:12, pages 7598-7607.
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Dag Rother & Urs Schlüter. (2021) Occupational Exposure to Diisocyanates in the European Union. Annals of Work Exposures and Health 65:8, pages 893-907.
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Anila Bello, Yalong Xue, Rebecca Gore, Susan Woskie & Dhimiter Bello. (2020) Exposures and urinary biomonitoring of aliphatic isocyanates in construction metal structure coating. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 226, pages 113495.
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Samuel Keer, Phoebe Taptiklis, Bill Glass, Dave McLean, James D McGlothlin & Jeroen Douwes. (2018) Determinants of Airborne Solvent Exposure in the Collision Repair Industry. Annals of Work Exposures and Health 62:7, pages 871-883.
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Dibakar Dey, Sanjeev Kumar & Supriyo Chakraborty. (2017) EFFECTS ON LUNG FUNCTION AMONG WORKERS EXPOSED TO AUTOMOBILE SPRAY PAINTING- A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AT NAGATILLA, SILCHAR, ASSAM. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 4:92, pages 5600-5604.
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Nicholas C Schaal, William J Brazile, Katie L Finnie & James P Tiger. (2017) Effects of Known Determinants on Methylene Bisphenyl Isocyanate (MDI) Concentration During Spray-On Truck Bed-Lining Processes. Annals of Work Exposures and Health 61:7, pages 872-882.
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Bjarke Mølgaard, Anna-Kaisa Viitanen, Anneli Kangas, Marika Huhtiniemi, Søren Larsen, Esa Vanhala, Tareq Hussein, Brandon Boor, Kaarle Hämeri & Antti Koivisto. (2015) Exposure to Airborne Particles and Volatile Organic Compounds from Polyurethane Molding, Spray Painting, Lacquering, and Gluing in a Workshop. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12:4, pages 3756-3773.
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. (2014) Protection Efficacy of Gloves Against Components of the Solvent in a Sprayed Isocyanate Coating Utilizing a Reciprocating Permeation Panel. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene.
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David L. Parker, Anca Bejan, Lisa M. Brosseau, Maryellen Skan & Min Xi. (2015) The Collision Auto Repair Safety Study (CARSS): A health and safety intervention. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 58:1, pages 88-100.
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Yousef Moghaddasi, Seyedtaghi Mirmohammadi, Anees Ahmad, Syavash Etemadi Nejad & Jamshid Yazdani. (2014) Health–risk assessment of workers exposed to flour dust: A cross–sectional study of random samples of bakeries workers. Atmospheric Pollution Research 5:1, pages 113-118.
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. (2013) Testing of Glove Efficacy against Sprayed Isocyanate Coatings Utilizing a Reciprocating Permeation Panel. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene.
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Adam V. Wisnewski, Carrie A. Redlich, Cristina E. Mapp & David I. Bernstein. 2013. Asthma in the Workplace. Asthma in the Workplace 262 275 .
Anthony M. Szema. (2012) Work-Exacerbated Asthma. Clinics in Chest Medicine 33:4, pages 617-624.
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. (2012) Biomonitoring Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) Exposure Based on Serum Levels of HDI-Specific IgG. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene.
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Diana M. Ceballos, Stephen G. Whittaker, Michael G. Yost, Russell L. Dills, Dhimiter Bello, Jennifer M. Thomasen, Leena A. Nylander-French, Carolyn K. Reeb-Whitaker, Phillip M. Peters, Elisa C. Weiland & Wallace W. Suydam. (2011) A laboratory comparison of analytical methods used for isocyanates. Analytical Methods 3:11, pages 2478.
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Mirtaghi Mirmohammadi, M. Hakimi Ibrahim, Anees Ahmad, Mohd Omar Abdul Kadir, M. Mohammadyan & S. B. Mirashrafi. (2009) Indoor air pollution evaluation with emphasize on HDI and biological assessment of HDA in the polyurethane factories. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 165:1-4, pages 341-347.
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Nora Munguía, Andrea Zavala, Amina Marin, Rafael Moure‐Eraso & Luis Velazquez. (2010) Identifying pollution prevention opportunities in the Mexican auto refinishing industry. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 21:3, pages 324-335.
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Kathleen Kreiss & Dick Heederik. 2010. Occupational Asthma. Occupational Asthma 327 353 .
. (2009) Quantification and Statistical Modeling—Part II: Dermal Concentrations of Monomeric and Polymeric 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene.
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. (2009) Quantification and Statistical Modeling—Part I: Breathing-Zone Concentrations of Monomeric and Polymeric 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene.
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. (2008) Skin Exposure to Aliphatic Polyisocyanates in the Auto Body Repair and Refinishing Industry: III. A Personal Exposure Algorithm. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene.
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Susan M. Tarlo, John Balmes, Ronald Balkissoon, Jeremy Beach, William Beckett, David Bernstein, Paul D. Blanc, Stuart M. Brooks, Clayton T. Cowl, Feroza Daroowalla, Philip Harber, Catherine Lemiere, Gary M. Liss, Karin A. Pacheco, Carrie A. Redlich, Brian Rowe & Julia Heitzer. (2008) Diagnosis and Management of Work-Related Asthma. Chest 134:3, pages 1S-41S.
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Jordan Minov, Jovanka Karadžinska-Bislimovska, Kristin Vasilevska, Snežana Risteska-Kuc & Sašo Stoleski. (2008) Work-Related Asthma in Automobile Spray Painters: Two Case Reports. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 59:2, pages 117-125.
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A. V. Wisnewski, Q. Liu, J. Liu & C. A. Redlich. (2008) Human innate immune responses to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and HDI–albumin conjugates. Clinical & Experimental Allergy 38:6, pages 957-967.
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. (2008) Skin Exposure to Aliphatic Polyisocyanates in the Auto Body Repair and Refinishing Industry: II. A Quantitative Assessment. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene.
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Kenneth W. Fent, Karupiah Jayaraj, Louise M. Ball & Leena A. Nylander-French. (2008) Quantitative monitoring of dermal and inhalation exposure to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate monomer and oligomers. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 10:4, pages 500.
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Adam Wisnewski, Carrie Redlich & Cristina Mapp. 2006. Asthma in the Workplace, Third Edition. Asthma in the Workplace, Third Edition 481 504 .
Dhimiter Bello, Susan R. Woskie, Robert P. Streicher, Meredith H. Stowe, Judy Sparer, Carrie A. Redlich, Mark R. Cullen & Youcheng Liu. (2005) A laboratory investigation of the effectiveness of various skin and surface decontaminants for aliphatic polyisocyanates. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 7:7, pages 716.
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Dhimiter Bello, Susan R. Woskie, Robert P. Streicher, Youcheng Liu, Meredith H. Stowe, Ellen A. Eisen, Michael J. Ellenbecker, Judy Sparer, Fred Youngs, Mark R. Cullen & Carrie A. Redlich. (2004) Polyisocyanates in occupational environments: A critical review of exposure limits and metrics. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 46:5, pages 480-491.
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