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Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene Volume 3, 2006 - Issue 10
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Original Articles

Diacetyl Emissions and Airborne Dust from Butter Flavorings Used in Microwave Popcorn Production

Randy Boylstein National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia
,
Chris Piacitelli National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia
,
Ardith Grote National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia
,
Richard Kanwal National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia
,
Greg Kullman National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia
&
Kathleen Kreiss National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia
Pages 530-535 | Published online: 23 Oct 2007

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Nárcia Mariana Fonseca NUNES, Jurandy do Nascimento SILVA, Micaely Lorrana Pereira CONCEIÇÃO, Joaquim Soares da COSTA JÚNIOR, Edymilais da Silva SOUSA, Maria das Dores Alves de OLIVEIRA, Antonia Maria das Graças Lopes CITÓ, Dalton DITTZ, Ana Paula PERON & Paulo Michel Pinheiro FERREIRA. (2023) In vitro and in vivo acute toxicity of an artificial butter flavoring. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 86:6, pages 181-197.
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Eric J. Zaccone, Janet A. Thompson, Dovenia S. Ponnoth, Amy M. Cumpston, W. Travis Goldsmith, Mark C. Jackson, Michael L. Kashon, David G. Frazer, Ann F. Hubbs, Michael J. Shimko & Jeffrey S. Fedan. (2013) Popcorn Flavoring Effects on Reactivity of Rat Airways in Vivo and in Vitro. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 76:11, pages 669-689.
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Mark W. Rigler & William E. Longo. (2010) Emission of Diacetyl (2,3 butanedione) from Natural Butter, Microwave Popcorn Butter Flavor Powder, Paste, and Liquid Products. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 16:3, pages 291-302.
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Søren T. Larsen, Yves Alarie, Maria Hammer & Gunnar D. Nielsen. (2009) Acute airway effects of diacetyl in mice. Inhalation Toxicology 21:13, pages 1123-1128.
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J.W. Martyny, M.V. Van Dyke, S. Arbuckle, M. Towle & C.S. Rose. (2008) Diacetyl Exposures in the Flavor Manufacturing Industry. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 5:11, pages 679-688.
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Articles from other publishers (23)

Suzanne E. Tomasi, Ethan D. Fechter-LeggettBarbara L. MaternaJonathan G. Meiman, Randall J. Nett & Kristin J. Cummings. (2023) Impact of Epidemic Intelligence Service Training in Occupational Respiratory Epidemiology. ATS Scholar.
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Eka Dian Pusfitasari, Jose Ruiz-Jimenez, Aleksi Tiusanen, Markus Suuronen, Jesse Haataja, Yusheng Wu, Juha Kangasluoma, Krista Luoma, Tuukka Petäjä, Matti Jussila, Kari Hartonen & Marja-Liisa Riekkola. (2023) Vertical profiles of volatile organic compounds and fine particles in atmospheric air by using an aerial drone with miniaturized samplers and portable devices. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23:10, pages 5885-5904.
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Matthew D. McGraw, Min Yee, So-Young Kim, Andrew M. Dylag, B. Paige Lawrence & Michael A. O’Reilly. (2022) Diacetyl inhalation impairs airway epithelial repair in mice infected with influenza A virus. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 323:5, pages L578-L592.
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Abdullah AlMatrouk, Kayla Lemons, Tatsuya Ogura & Weihong Lin. 2011. Comprehensive Physiology. Comprehensive Physiology 2621 2644 .
Juan Wang, So-Young Kim, Emma House, Heather M. Olson, Carl J. Johnston, David Chalupa, Eric Hernady, Thomas J. Mariani, Gérémy Clair, Charles Ansong, Wei-Jun Qian, Jacob N. Finkelstein & Matthew D. McGraw. (2021) Repetitive diacetyl vapor exposure promotes ubiquitin proteasome stress and precedes bronchiolitis obliterans pathology. Archives of Toxicology 95:7, pages 2469-2483.
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Matthew D. McGraw, So-Young Kim, Christina Reed, Eric Hernady, Irfan Rahman, Thomas J. Mariani & Jacob N. Finkelstein. (2020) Airway basal cell injury after acute diacetyl (2,3-butanedione) vapor exposure. Toxicology Letters 325, pages 25-33.
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Carl A. Vas, Andrew Porter & Kevin McAdam. (2019) Acetoin is a precursor to diacetyl in e-cigarette liquids. Food and Chemical Toxicology 133, pages 110727.
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Cecile S. Rose. (2017) Early detection, clinical diagnosis, and management of lung disease from exposure to diacetyl. Toxicology 388, pages 9-14.
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Paul Cullinan, Xavier Muñoz, Hille Suojalehto, Raymond Agius, Surinder Jindal, Torben Sigsgaard, Anders Blomberg, Denis Charpin, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Mridu Gulati, Yangho Kim, Arthur L Frank, Metin Akgün, David Fishwick, Rafael E de la Hoz & Subhabrata Moitra. (2017) Occupational lung diseases: from old and novel exposures to effective preventive strategies. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 5:5, pages 445-455.
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Bertrand Dautzenberg & Daniel Garelik. (2017) Patients with lung cancer: Are electronic cigarettes harmful or useful?. Lung Cancer 105, pages 42-48.
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Eric Angelini, Gerard Camerini, Malick Diop, Patrice Roche, Thomas Rodi, Christine Schippa & Thierry Thomas. (2016) Respiratory Health – Exposure Measurements and Modeling in the Fragrance and Flavour Industry. PLOS ONE 11:2, pages e0148769.
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Bertrand Dautzenberg & Daniel Garelik. (2015) WITHDRAWN: Patients with lung cancer: Are electronic cigarettes harmful, useful?. Lung Cancer.
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Stephanie ClarkCarl K. Winter. (2015) Diacetyl in Foods: A Review of Safety and Sensory Characteristics. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 14:5, pages 634-643.
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David J. Hewitt. 2015. Hamilton & Hardy's Industrial Toxicology. Hamilton & Hardy's Industrial Toxicology 683 688 .
Stacey E. Anderson, Jennifer Franko, J.R. Wells, Ewa Lukomska & B. Jean Meade. (2013) Evaluation of the hypersensitivity potential of alternative butter flavorings. Food and Chemical Toxicology 62, pages 373-381.
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Richard Kanwal, Greg Kullman, Kathleen B. Fedan & Kathleen Kreiss. (2011) Occupational Lung Disease Risk and Exposure to Butter-Flavoring Chemicals after Implementation of Controls at a Microwave Popcorn Plant. Public Health Reports 126:4, pages 480-494.
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John F. Gamble. 2001. Patty's Industrial Hygiene. Patty's Industrial Hygiene 89 159 .
James M. Mathews, Scott L. Watson, Rodney W. Snyder, Jason P. Burgess & Daniel L. Morgan. (2010) Reaction of the Butter Flavorant Diacetyl (2,3-Butanedione) with N -α-Acetylarginine: A Model for Epitope Formation with Pulmonary Proteins in the Etiology of Obliterative Bronchiolitis . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58:24, pages 12761-12768.
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Christopher C. Coffey & Terri A. Pearce. (2010) Direct-reading methods for workplace air monitoring. Journal of Chemical Health & Safety 17:3, pages 10-21.
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John B. Morris & Ann F. Hubbs. (2009) Inhalation Dosimetry of Diacetyl and Butyric Acid, Two Components of Butter Flavoring Vapors. Toxicological Sciences 108:1, pages 173-183.
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David Galbraith & David Weill. (2008) Popcorn lung and bronchiolitis obliterans: a critical appraisal. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 82:3, pages 407-416.
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Kathleen Kreiss. (2007) Flavoring-related bronchiolitis obliterans. Current Opinion in Allergy & Clinical Immunology 7:2, pages 162-167.
Crossref
Philip Harber, Kaochoy Saechao & Catherine Boomus. (2006) Diacetyl-Induced Lung Disease. Toxicological Reviews 25:4, pages 261-272.
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