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Clinical Toxicology Volume 45, 2007 - Issue 3
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Research Article

Physostigmine for gamma-hydroxybutyrate coma: Inefficacy, adverse events, and review

Deborah L. Zvosec Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center/Minneapolis, Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
, Ph.D.,
Stephen W. Smith Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
, M.D.,
Regina Litonjua St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
, M.D. &
Richard E.J. Westfal St. Vincent's Catholic Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
, M.D.
Pages 261-265 | Received 20 Jun 2005, Accepted 16 Dec 2005, Published online: 07 Oct 2008

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Leo J Schep, Kai Knudsen, Robin J Slaughter, J Allister Vale & Bruno Mégarbane. (2012) The clinical toxicology of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol. Clinical Toxicology 50:6, pages 458-470.
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Articles from other publishers (21)

Cassandra R. Doyno & C. Michael White. (2021) Sedative‐Hypnotic Agents That Impact Gamma‐Aminobutyric Acid Receptors: Focus on Flunitrazepam, Gamma‐Hydroxybutyric Acid, Phenibut, and Selank. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 61:S2.
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Suryun Jung, Suji Kim, Yujin Seo & Sooyeun Lee. (2021) Metabolic Alterations Associated with γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid and the Potential of Metabolites as Biomarkers of Its Exposure. Metabolites 11:2, pages 101.
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Frank-Gerald Pajonk, Thomas Messer & Horst Berzewski. 2020. S2k-Leitlinie Notfallpsychiatrie. S2k-Leitlinie Notfallpsychiatrie 99 175 .
Ann M. Arens & Tom Kearney. (2019) Adverse Effects of Physostigmine. Journal of Medical Toxicology 15:3, pages 184-191.
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Hassan A. K. Abd El-Aal & Ali A. Khalaf. (2019) Friedel–Crafts Chemistry. Part 53. Divergent and Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Condensed Indole Scaffolds via Friedel–Crafts Ring Closure Approach. Australian Journal of Chemistry 72:4, pages 276.
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John R. Richards, M. Thais Davis, Mark R. Curry, John H. Tsushima & Howard E. McKinneyJrJr. (2017) Doxapram reversal of suspected gamma-hydroxybutyrate–induced coma. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 35:3, pages 517.e1-517.e3.
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C. Michael White. (2017) Pharmacologic, Pharmacokinetic, and Clinical Assessment of Illicitly Used γ -Hydroxybutyrate . The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 57:1, pages 33-39.
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Jonathan D. KennyJessica J. ChemaliJoseph F. CottenChrista J. Van DortSeong-Eun KimDemba BaNorman E. TaylorEmery N. BrownKen Solt. (2016) Physostigmine and Methylphenidate Induce Distinct Arousal States During Isoflurane General Anesthesia in Rats. Anesthesia & Analgesia 123:5, pages 1210-1219.
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P. Díez Romero, M. Gallego Alonso-Colmenares, J. Fernández Herranz & M. Ganzo Pión. (2015) Intoxicaciones agudas por alcohol, otras drogas y fármacos psicoactivos. Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado 11:89, pages 5314-5323.
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Janice E. Sullivan & Mark J. McDonald. 2014. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 695 727 .
Roland Freudenmann. (2013) Was ist Liquid Ecstasy?. InFo Neurologie & Psychiatrie 15:11, pages 38-43.
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Bert Holvast, Dirk-Jan Pot & Cock H. Schröder. (2012) Ongewone intoxicaties bij adolescenten. Tijdschrift voor Kindergeneeskunde 80:5, pages 119-123.
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Naren Gunja. (2012) Teenage toxins: Recreational poisoning in the adolescent. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 48:7, pages 560-566.
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Donald G. Barceloux. 2012. Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse. Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse 89 109 .
Stanley M. Parsons. 2011. Forensic Chemistry Handbook. Forensic Chemistry Handbook 355 434 .
Deborah L. Zvosec, Stephen W. Smith, Trinka Porrata, A. Quinn Strobl & Jo Ellen Dyer. (2011) Case series of 226 γ-hydroxybutyrate–associated deaths: lethal toxicity and trauma. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 29:3, pages 319-332.
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Silas W. Smith. 2010. Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology. Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology 397 460 .
Laurent Karila, Johanne Novarin, Bruno Megarbane, Olivier Cottencin, Sylvain Dally, William Lowenstein & Michel Reynaud. (2009) Acide gamma-hydroxy-butyrique (GHB) : plus qu’un agent de soumission chimique, une véritable source d’addiction. La Presse Médicale 38:10, pages 1526-1538.
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David Lawrence, Nancy McLinskey, J. Stephen Huff & Christopher P. Holstege. 2009. Clinical Neurotoxicology. Clinical Neurotoxicology 30 46 .
Miguel Galicia, Santiago Nogué, Jordi To-Figueras, José-Luís Echarte, M. Luisa Iglesias & Oscar Miró. (2008) Intoxicaciones por éxtasis líquido atendidas en servicios de urgencias hospitalarios de la ciudad de Barcelona durante 2 años. Medicina Clínica 130:7, pages 254-258.
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. (2007) Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 16:12.
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