Citations (35)
Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.
Read on this site (3)
Filipa Raposo Pereira, Minni T. B. McMaster, YvonD. A. T. de Vries, Wim van den Brink & Guido A. van Wingen. (2020) Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Regular GHB-Users with and without GHB-Induced Comas. Substance Use & Misuse 55:13, pages 2148-2155.
Read now
Read now
Rebekah Brennan & Marie Claire Van Hout. (2014) Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB): A Scoping Review of Pharmacology, Toxicology, Motives for Use, and User Groups. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 46:3, pages 243-251.
Read now
Read now
Leo J Schep, Kai Knudsen, Robin J Slaughter, J Allister Vale & Bruno Mégarbane. (2012) The clinical toxicology of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol. Clinical Toxicology 50:6, pages 458-470.
Read now
Read now
Articles from other publishers (32)
Mingyu Kim, Songjin Oh, Suji Kim, Moongi Ji, Byeongchan Choi, Jung-Woo Bae, Yong Sup Lee, Man-Jeong Paik & Sooyeun Lee. (2023) Alcohol perturbed locomotor behavior, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 164, pages 114992.
Crossref
Crossref
Suryun Jung, Mingyu Kim, Suji Kim & Sooyeun Lee. (2023) Interaction between γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid and Ethanol: A Review from Toxicokinetic and Toxicodynamic Perspectives. Metabolites 13:2, pages 180.
Crossref
Crossref
William Lai, Jesse T Raposa & Roop Parlapalli. (2022) Treatment of Poorly Responsive Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate Withdrawal With Baclofen: A Case Report. Cureus.
Crossref
Crossref
Madelaine Abid, Jana Kietzerow, Stefanie Iwersen‐Bergmann, Tino Schnitgerhans & Hilke Andresen‐Streichert. (2021) Characteristics and dose‐effect relationship of clinical gamma‐hydroxybutyrate intoxication: A case series. Journal of Forensic Sciences 67:1, pages 416-427.
Crossref
Crossref
B.A.G. Dijkstra, H. Beurmanjer, A.E. Goudriaan, A.F.A. Schellekens & E.A.G. Joosten. (2021) Unity in diversity: A systematic review on the GHB using population. International Journal of Drug Policy 94, pages 103230.
Crossref
Crossref
Jonathan Henssler & Felix Bermpohl. 2018. Handbuch Psychoaktive Substanzen. Handbuch Psychoaktive Substanzen
631
642
.
Zurina Hassan, Oliver G. Bosch, Darshan Singh, Suresh Narayanan, B. Vicknasingam Kasinather, Erich Seifritz, Johannes Kornhuber, Boris B. Quednow & Christian P. Müller. (2017) Novel Psychoactive Substances—Recent Progress on Neuropharmacological Mechanisms of Action for Selected Drugs. Frontiers in Psychiatry 8.
Crossref
Crossref
David M. Wood. 2017. Critical Care Toxicology. Critical Care Toxicology
1555
1586
.
Evangelia Liakoni, Fabio Walther, Christian H. Nickel & Matthias E. Liechti. (2016) Presentations to an urban emergency department in Switzerland due to acute γ-hydroxybutyrate toxicity. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 24:1.
Crossref
Crossref
Oliver G. Bosch & Erich Seifritz. (2016) The behavioural profile of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol in humans. Brain Research Bulletin 126, pages 47-60.
Crossref
Crossref
J.G.C. van Amsterdam, T.M. Brunt, M.T.B. McMaster & W. van den Brink. 2016. Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse. Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse
453
459
.
Jonathan Henssler & Felix Bermpohl. 2017. Handbuch Psychoaktive Substanzen. Handbuch Psychoaktive Substanzen
1
16
.
David M. Wood. 2016. Critical Care Toxicology. Critical Care Toxicology
1
32
.
John M. Corkery, Barbara Loi, Hugh Claridge, Christine Goodair, Ornella Corazza, Simon Elliott & Fabrizio Schifano. (2015) Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), gamma butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD; BDO): A literature review with a focus on UK fatalities related to non-medical use. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 53, pages 52-78.
Crossref
Crossref
Luc Heytens, Hugo Neels, Niels Van Regenmortel, Wim van den Brink, Manu Henckes, Sofie Schouwers, Greet Dockx & Cleo L Crunelle. (2014) Near-fatal persistent anion- and osmolal-gap acidosis due to massive gamma-butyrolactone/ethanol intoxication. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 52:2, pages 283-287.
Crossref
Crossref
Ann-Sofie M. E. Ingels, Sarah M. R. Wille, Nele Samyn, Willy E. Lambert & Christophe P. Stove. (2014) Screening and confirmation methods for GHB determination in biological fluids. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 406:15, pages 3553-3577.
Crossref
Crossref
J. Dave Barry & Brandon K. Wills. (2013) Neurotoxic Emergencies. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 36:2, pages 219-244.
Crossref
Crossref
Naren Gunja. (2012) Teenage toxins: Recreational poisoning in the adolescent. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 48:7, pages 560-566.
Crossref
Crossref
Oliver G Bosch, Boris B Quednow, Erich Seifritz & Thomas C Wetter. (2011) Reconsidering GHB: orphan drug or new model antidepressant?. Journal of Psychopharmacology 26:5, pages 618-628.
Crossref
Crossref
Jan G.C. van Amsterdam, Tibor M. Brunt, Minni T.B. McMaster & Raymond J.M. Niesink. (2012) Possible long-term effects of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) due to neurotoxicity and overdose. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 36:4, pages 1217-1227.
Crossref
Crossref
Donald G. Barceloux. 2012. Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse. Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse
89
109
.
Stanley M. Parsons. 2011. Forensic Chemistry Handbook. Forensic Chemistry Handbook
355
434
.
H. Andresen, B. E. Aydin, A. Mueller & S. Iwersen-Bergmann. (2011) An overview of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, toxic effects, addiction, analytical methods, and interpretation of results. Drug Testing and Analysis 3:9, pages 560-568.
Crossref
Crossref
J. Dave Barry & Brandon K. Wills. (2011) Neurotoxic Emergencies. Neurologic Clinics 29:3, pages 539-563.
Crossref
Crossref
James Bell & Rodney Collins. (2010) Gamma‐butyrolactone (GBL) dependence and withdrawal. Addiction 106:2, pages 442-447.
Crossref
Crossref
Lawrence R Kidd, David P Hepburn & Linda A Middleton. (2010) Bodybuilding — A Remarkable Recovery. Journal of the Intensive Care Society 11:4, pages 261-264.
Crossref
Crossref
R. J. M. Niesink. (2009) Farmacologische en toxicologische aspecten van gammahydroxyboterzuur (GHB). Verslaving 5:4, pages 50-60.
Crossref
Crossref
Laurent Karila, Johanne Novarin, Bruno Megarbane, Olivier Cottencin, Sylvain Dally, William Lowenstein & Michel Reynaud. (2009) Acide gamma-hydroxy-butyrique (GHB) : plus qu’un agent de soumission chimique, une véritable source d’addiction. La Presse Médicale 38:10, pages 1526-1538.
Crossref
Crossref
Lawrence P. Carter, Daniel Pardi, Jane Gorsline & Roland R. Griffiths. (2009) Illicit gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and pharmaceutical sodium oxybate (Xyrem®): Differences in characteristics and misuse. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 104:1-2, pages 1-10.
Crossref
Crossref
Petra S. van Nieuwenhuijzen & Iain S. McGregor. (2009) Sedative and hypothermic effects of γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in rats alone and in combination with other drugs: Assessment using biotelemetry. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 103:3, pages 137-147.
Crossref
Crossref
Joshua T. Kantrowitz, Leslie Citrome & Daniel C. Javitt. (2009) A review of tolerability and abuse liability of γ-hydroxybutyric acid for insomnia in patients with schizophrenia. Clinical Therapeutics 31, pages 1360-1373.
Crossref
Crossref
Daniel Lenz, Markus A Rothschild & Lars Kröner. (2008) Intoxications due to Ingestion of γ-Butyrolactone: Organ Distribution of γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid and γ-Butyrolactone. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 30:6, pages 755-761.
Crossref
Crossref