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Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Volume 12, 2018 - Issue 7
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Review

Bacterial translocation in patients with liver cirrhosis: physiology, clinical consequences, and practical implications

Francesca Romana PonzianiInternal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Agostino Gemelli Hospital, Rome, ItalyCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-5924-6238View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Maria Assunta ZoccoInternal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Agostino Gemelli Hospital, Rome, ItalyView further author information
,
Lucia CerritoInternal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Agostino Gemelli Hospital, Rome, ItalyView further author information
,
Antonio GasbarriniInternal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Agostino Gemelli Hospital, Rome, ItalyORCID Iconhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-6230-1779View further author information
ORCID Icon &
Maurizio PompiliInternal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Agostino Gemelli Hospital, Rome, ItalyView further author information
Pages 641-656 | Received 09 Apr 2018, Accepted 24 May 2018, Published online: 06 Jun 2018

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Jin Imai, Sho Kitamoto & Nobuhiko Kamada. (2021) The pathogenic oral–gut–liver axis: new understandings and clinical implications. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 17:7, pages 727-736.
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Lucia Cerrito, Francesco Santopaolo, Flavia Monti, Maurizio Pompili, Antonio Gasbarrini & Francesca Romana Ponziani. (2021) Advances in pharmacotherapeutics for hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 22:10, pages 1343-1354.
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Cezmi A. Akdis. (2021) Does the epithelial barrier hypothesis explain the increase in allergy, autoimmunity and other chronic conditions?. Nature Reviews Immunology 21:11, pages 739-751.
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Jing Yang, Fahim Syed, Ying Xia, Arun J. Sanyal, Vijay H. Shah, Naga Chalasani, Xiaoqun Zheng, Qigui Yu, Yongliang Lou & Wei Li. (2021) Blood Biomarkers of Intestinal Epithelium Damage Regenerating Islet‐derived Protein 3α and Trefoil Factor 3 Are Persistently Elevated in Patients with Alcoholic Hepatitis. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 45:4, pages 720-731.
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Hao Zhang, Ani Yan, Xiaoyun Liu, Yi Ma, Fangfang Zhao, Mengzhi Wang, Jaun J. Loor & Hongrong Wang. (2021) Melatonin ameliorates ochratoxin A induced liver inflammation, oxidative stress and mitophagy in mice involving in intestinal microbiota and restoring the intestinal barrier function. Journal of Hazardous Materials 407, pages 124489.
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Emanuele Rinninella, Marco Cintoni, Pauline Raoul, Gianluca Ianiro, Lucrezia Laterza, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Francesca Romana Ponziani, Antonio Gasbarrini & Maria Cristina Mele. (2020) Gut Microbiota during Dietary Restrictions: New Insights in Non-Communicable Diseases. Microorganisms 8:8, pages 1140.
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David N Gilbert. (2020) Neglected Variables in the Interpretation of Serum Procalcitonin Levels in Patients With Septic Shock. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 222:Supplement_2, pages S96-S102.
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D. A. Kashtanova & O. N. Tkacheva. (2020) The phenomenon of intestinal permeability and its association with cardiovascular disease. Current status. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 19:3, pages 2474.
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Ying Xia, Jing Yang, Arun J. Sanyal, Vijay H. Shah, Naga P. Chalasani, Qigui Yu, Xiaoqun Zheng & Wei Li. (2020) Persistent Hyperactivation of Endothelial Cells in Patients with Alcoholic Hepatitis. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 44:5, pages 1075-1087.
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Doaa A. Zaky, Dalia M. Abouelfadl, Noha N. Nassar, Dalaal M. Abdallah & Muhammad Y. Al-Shorbagy. (2020) The paradox of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition in enterocytic differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in rat cholestatic sepsis. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 394, pages 114956.
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Maria Angeles Aller, Javier Blanco-Rivero, Ana Arias & Jaime Arias. 2020. Translational Studies on Inflammation. Translational Studies on Inflammation.
Jennifer L Peng, Witina Techasatian, Takashi Hato & Suthat Liangpunsakul. (2023) Role of Endotoxemia in Causing Renal Dysfunction in Cirrhosis. Journal of Investigative Medicine 68:1, pages 26-29.
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Rita Garcia-Martinez, Raquel Diaz-Ruiz, Jesus Millan & Rafael Bañares. 2020. Liver Diseases. Liver Diseases 381 394 .
Wence Wang, Shuangshuang Zhai, Yaoyao Xia, Hao Wang, Dong Ruan, Ting Zhou, Yongwen Zhu, Hongfu Zhang, Minhong Zhang, Hui Ye, Wenkai Ren & Lin Yang. (2019) Ochratoxin A induces liver inflammation: involvement of intestinal microbiota. Microbiome 7:1.
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Francesca Romana Ponziani, Barbara Funaro, Andrea Lupascu, Maria Elena Ainora, Matteo Garcovich, Gianluigi Caracciolo, Alessandro Quadarella, Antonio Nesci, Laura Riccardi, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maurizio Pompili & Maria Assunta Zocco. (2019) Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy is Associated with Increased Cerebral Vascular Resistance. A Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Study. Scientific Reports 9:1.
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Michael Camilleri. (2019) Leaky gut: mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans. Gut 68:8, pages 1516-1526.
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Daniela Campion, Ilaria Giovo, Paola Ponzo, Giorgio M Saracco, Federico Balzola & Carlo Alessandria. (2019) Dietary approach and gut microbiota modulation for chronic hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis. World Journal of Hepatology 11:6, pages 489-512.
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E. Malli, N.K. Gatselis, G.N. Dalekos & E. Petinaki. (2019) Combination of vial culture and broad-range PCR for the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: experience in a Greek tertiary care hospital. New Microbes and New Infections 28, pages 1-5.
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Tim Hendrikx & Bernd Schnabl. (2018) Antimicrobial proteins: intestinal guards to protect against liver disease. Journal of Gastroenterology 54:3, pages 209-217.
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Reza Heidari. (2019) Brain mitochondria as potential therapeutic targets for managing hepatic encephalopathy. Life Sciences 218, pages 65-80.
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Francesca Romana Ponziani, Alberto Nicoletti, Antonio Gasbarrini & Maurizio Pompili. (2019) Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the gut microbiota in patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma. Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 11, pages 175883591984818.
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Kanakaraju Kaliannan. (2018) Compromise of α-Defensin Function in Liver Cirrhosis Facilitates the Toxic Relationship Between Gut Permeability and Endotoxemia. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 63:10, pages 2492-2494.
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Peter Konturek, Igor Harsch, Kathrin Konturek, Monic Schink, Thomas Konturek, Markus Neurath & Yurdaguel Zopf. (2018) Gut–Liver Axis: How Do Gut Bacteria Influence the Liver?. Medical Sciences 6:3, pages 79.
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