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Cogent Economics & Finance Volume 8, 2020 - Issue 1
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GENERAL & APPLIED ECONOMICS

Convergence in military expenditure and economic growth in Africa and its regional economic communities: evidence from a club clustering algorithm

Charles Shaaba Saba1 School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, South AfricaCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6230-7292View further author information
ORCID Icon &
Nicholas Ngepah1 School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, South AfricaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1947-0008View further author information
ORCID Icon |
Christian Nsiah2 School of Business, Baldwin Wallace University, United StatesView further author information
(Reviewing editor)
Article: 1832344 | Received 20 Feb 2020, Accepted 30 Sep 2020, Published online: 19 Oct 2020

Citations (18)

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Read on this site (2)

Charles Shaaba Saba. (2021) An investigation of security outcome convergence and the dynamics of their influencing factors in Africa. African Security Review 30:4, pages 473-494.
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Charles Shaaba Saba & Nicholas Ngepah. (2021) Military expenditure, security outcome and industrialisation in Africa: Evidence from a panel data analysis. African Security Review 30:2, pages 204-222.
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Articles from other publishers (16)

Ugur Korkut Pata, Mehmet Akif Destek, Muge Manga & Orhan Cengiz. (2023) Militarization of NATO countries sparks climate change? Investigating the moderating role of technological progress and financial development. Journal of Cleaner Production 409, pages 137241.
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Charles Shaaba Saba & Oladipo Olalekan David. (2022) Identifying Convergence in Telecommunication Infrastructures and the Dynamics of Their Influencing Factors Across Countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy 14:2, pages 1413-1466.
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Abdul Rehman, Hengyun Ma, Rafael Alvarado & Fayyaz Ahmad. (2023) The nexus of military, final consumption expenditures, total reserves, and economic development of Pakistan. Economic Change and Restructuring 56:3, pages 1753-1776.
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Charles Shaaba Saba & Nicholas Ngepah. (2023) Empirics of convergence in industrialisation and their determinants: global evidence. Discover Sustainability 4:1.
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Mateusz Tomal. (2023) A review of Phillips‐Sul approach‐based club convergence tests. Journal of Economic Surveys.
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Wojciech Sabat. (2023) Konwergencja poziomu i struktury wydatków publicznych w krajach „nowej”Unii Europejskiej w latach 1995–2020. Przegląd Prawno-Ekonomiczny:1, pages 71-90.
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Charles Shaaba Saba. (2023) Nexus between CO2 emissions, renewable energy consumption, militarisation, and economic growth in South Africa: Evidence from using novel dynamic ARDL simulations. Renewable Energy 205, pages 349-365.
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Hüseyin ÖNDER. (2022) NATO Üyelerinin %2’lik Savunma Harcama Hedefine Yakınsamasının SınanmasıAnalyzing of NATO Members' Convergence to the 2% Defense Spending Target. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi 25:2, pages 694-702.
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Charles Shaaba Saba & Mduduzi Biyase. (2022) Determinants of renewable electricity development in Europe: Do Governance indicators and institutional quality matter?. Energy Reports 8, pages 13914-13938.
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Charles Shaaba Saba. (2022) CO2 emissions-energy consumption-militarisation-growth nexus in South Africa: evidence from novel dynamic ARDL simulations. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30:7, pages 18123-18155.
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Charles Shaaba Saba & Nicholas Ngepah. (2022) Convergence in renewable energy consumption and their influencing factors across regions: evidence from convergence algorithm approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29:40, pages 61412-61445.
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Qingmin Li. (2022) Evaluation Method of Economic Growth Quality of Tourism-Driven Real Estate Based on AHP. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022, pages 1-12.
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Charles Shaaba Saba. (2022) Defence Spending and Economic Growth in South Africa: Evidence from Cointegration and Co-Feature Analysis. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 28:1, pages 51-100.
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Charles Shaaba Saba & Nicholas Ngepah. (2020) Nexus between defence spending, economic growth and development: evidence from a disaggregated panel data analysis. Economic Change and Restructuring 55:1, pages 109-151.
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Haroon ur Rashid Khan, Shujaat Abbas, Muhammad Khalid Anser, Abdelmohsen A. Nassani, Mohamed Haffar & Khalid Zaman. (2021) Security Challenges and Air Quality Management in India: Emissions Inventory and Forecasting Estimates. Atmosphere 12:12, pages 1644.
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Charles Shaaba Saba. (2021) Convergence and transition paths in transportation: Fresh insights from a club clustering algorithm. Transport Policy 112, pages 80-93.
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