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Original Articles

Sexing chick embryos: A rapid and simple protocol

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Pages 134-138 | Published online: 28 Jun 2010

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Read on this site (6)

F. Bozkaya, Ş. Gürler, M. Yertürk & N. Aydİlek. (2013) Isolation of DNA from embryo and chorio-allantoic membranes and sexing by PCR in Japanese quail. British Poultry Science 54:1, pages 106-111.
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N. Porat, K. Bogdanov, A. Danielli, A. Arie, I. Samina & A. Hadani. (2011) Direct detection of chicken genomic DNA for gender determination by thymine-DNA glycosylase. British Poultry Science 52:1, pages 58-65.
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Craig A. Smith. (2010) Rowley Review. Emu - Austral Ornithology 110:4, pages 364-377.
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Santosh Haunshi, S.C. Saxena, A. Pattanayak, S. Bandyopadhaya, A.K. Tyagi & K.M. Bujarbaruah. (2008) Simple Multiplex PCR for Rapid Diagnosis of Sex of Ducks and Duck Embryos. Journal of Applied Animal Research 33:2, pages 117-120.
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M. Naito. (2003) Genetic manipulation in chickens. World's Poultry Science Journal 59:3, pages 361-371.
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Articles from other publishers (97)

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Nan Jia, Bin Li, Jun Zhu, Haifeng Wang, Yuliang Zhao & Wenwen Zhao. (2023) A Review of Key Techniques for in Ovo Sexing of Chicken Eggs. Agriculture 13:3, pages 677.
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Martin A. Estermann & Craig A. Smith. (2022) Fadrozole-mediated sex reversal in the embryonic chicken gonad involves a PAX2 positive undifferentiated supporting cell state. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 10.
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Siyu Chen, Yunchao Tang, Xiangjun Zou, Hanlin Huo, Kewei Hu, Boran Hu & Yaoqiang Pan. (2022) Identification and Detection of Biological Information on Tiny Biological Targets Based on Subtle Differences. Machines 10:11, pages 996.
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Afzal Rahman, Alin Khaliduzzaman, Tetshuhito Suzuki & Naoshi Kondo. 2022. Informatics in Poultry Production. Informatics in Poultry Production 77 95 .
Laura Soler, Sabine Alves, Aurélien Brionne, Aurore Jacques, Vanessa Guérin, Maeva Cherif-Feildel, Lucie Combes-Soia, Sophie Fouchécourt, Aurore Thélie, Elisabeth Blesbois, Michael J. McGrew, Valérie Labas & Marina S. Govoroun. (2021) Protein expression reveals a molecular sexual identity of avian primordial germ cells at pre-gonadal stages. Scientific Reports 11:1.
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Martin A. Estermann, Mylene M. Mariette, Julie L. M. Moreau, Alexander N. Combes & Craig A. Smith. (2021) PAX2+ Mesenchymal Origin of Gonadal Supporting Cells Is Conserved in Birds. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9.
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Martin Andres Estermann, Claire Elizabeth Hirst, Andrew Thomas Major & Craig Allen Smith. (2021) The homeobox gene TGIF1 is required for chicken ovarian cortical development and generation of the juxtacortical medulla . Development 148:16.
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Aleksandra Dunislawska, Maria Siwek, Katarzyna Stadnicka & Marek Bednarczyk. (2021) Comparison of the Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Profiles of Gonadal Primordial Germ Cells of White Leghorn and Green-Legged Partridgelike Chicken Embryos. Genes 12:7, pages 1090.
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Mariya P. Dobreva, Joshua G. Lynton-Jenkins, Jaime A. Chaves, Masayoshi Tokita, Camille Bonneaud & Arkhat Abzhanov. (2021) Sex identification in embryos and adults of Darwin’s finches. PLOS ONE 16:3, pages e0237687.
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Zahida Yesmin Roly, Rasoul Godini, Martin A. Estermann, Andrew T. Major, Roger Pocock & Craig A. Smith. (2020) Transcriptional landscape of the embryonic chicken Müllerian duct. BMC Genomics 21:1.
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Miruna Georgiana Ghinia Tegla, Diego F Buenaventura, Diana Y Kim, Cassandra Thakurdin, Kevin C Gonzalez & Mark M Emerson. (2020) OTX2 represses sister cell fate choices in the developing retina to promote photoreceptor specification. eLife 9.
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Martin Andres Estermann, Sarah Williams, Claire Elizabeth Hirst, Zahida Yesmin Roly, Olivier Serralbo, Deepak Adhikari, David Powell, Andrew Thomas Major & Craig Allen Smith. (2020) Insights into Gonadal Sex Differentiation Provided by Single-Cell Transcriptomics in the Chicken Embryo. Cell Reports 31:1, pages 107491.
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Satoshi Yamashita, Kensuke Kataoka, Hiroto Yamamoto, Tomoko Kato, Satoshi Hara, Katsushi Yamaguchi, Claire Renard-Guillet, Yuki Katou, Katsuhiko Shirahige, Haruki Ochi, Hajime Ogino, Tokujiro Uchida, Masafumi Inui, Shuji Takada, Shuji Shigenobu & Hiroshi Asahara. (2019) Comparative analysis demonstrates cell type-specific conservation of SOX9 targets between mouse and chicken. Scientific Reports 9:1.
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Muhammet KAYA & Samed KONUCUK. (2019) On Günlük Civciv Embriyosunda PCR ile Cinsiyet TayiniGender Determination of Ten Days Chick Embryo by PCR. Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi 16:1, pages 19-22.
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Liyan He, Priscila Martins, Joris Huguenin, Thi-Nhu-Ngoc Van, Taciana Manso, Therese Galindo, Flavien Gregoire, Lise Catherinot, Franck Molina & Julien Espeut. (2019) Simple, sensitive and robust chicken specific sexing assays, compliant with large scale analysis. PLOS ONE 14:3, pages e0213033.
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Mylène Da Silva, Clara Dombre, Aurélien Brionne, Philippe Monget, Magali Chessé, Marion De Pauw, Maryse Mills, Lucie Combes-Soia, Valérie Labas, Nicolas Guyot, Yves Nys & Sophie Réhault-Godbert. (2019) The Unique Features of Proteins Depicting the Chicken Amniotic Fluid. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 18, pages S174-S190.
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Natalia J Sachs, Angela R Hampton, Kimberley K Foster, Monica Y Pechanec, John D Henderson, Annie J King & Michael J Mienaltowski. (2019) The effects of an alternative diet regimen with natural methionine ingredients on white striping breast myopathy in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 98:1, pages 413-421.
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S. D. Caughey, P. W. Wilson, N. Mukhtar, S. Brocklehurst, A. Reid, R. B. D’Eath, T. Boswell & I. C. Dunn. (2018) Sex differences in basal hypothalamic anorectic and orexigenic gene expression and the effect of quantitative and qualitative food restriction. Biology of Sex Differences 9:1.
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Kirsten R Morris, Claire E Hirst, Andrew T Major, Tariq Ezaz, Mark Ford, Susan Bibby, Tim J Doran & Craig A Smith. (2018) Gonadal and Endocrine Analysis of a Gynandromorphic Chicken. Endocrinology 159:10, pages 3492-3502.
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Amir Hossan Shaikat, Shoko Namekawa, Sadequllah Ahmadi, Misa Takeda & Takeshi Ohkubo. (2018) Gene expression profiling in embryonic chicken ovary during asymmetric development. Animal Science Journal 89:4, pages 688-694.
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Meng Ji, Shuang Tang, Wenhua Pei, Mingming Ning, Yuehui Ma, Xiangchen Li & Weijun Guan. (2018) Generation of haploid spermatids from chicken embryonal primordial germ cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine.
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Angus M.A. Reid & Ian C. Dunn. (2018) Gastrointestinal distribution of chicken gastrin-cholecystokinin family transcript expression and response to short-term nutritive state. General and Comparative Endocrinology 255, pages 64-70.
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Imran Zahoor, Dirk-Jan de Koning & Paul M. Hocking. (2017) Transcriptional profile of breast muscle in heat stressed layers is similar to that of broiler chickens at control temperature. Genetics Selection Evolution 49:1.
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Pia Løtvedt, Amir Fallahshahroudi, Lejla Bektic, Jordi Altimiras & Per Jensen. (2017) Chicken domestication changes expression of stress-related genes in brain, pituitary and adrenals. Neurobiology of Stress 7, pages 113-121.
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Robert Literman, Srihari Radhakrishnan, Jeff Tamplin, Russell Burke, Cassie Dresser & Nicole Valenzuela. (2017) Development of sexing primers in Glyptemys insculpta and Apalone spinifera turtles uncovers an XX/XY sex-determining system in the critically-endangered bog turtle Glyptemys muhlenbergii. Conservation Genetics Resources 9:4, pages 651-658.
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Zhu Zhuo, Susan J. Lamont & Behnam Abasht. (2017) RNA-Seq Analyses Identify Frequent Allele Specific Expression and No Evidence of Genomic Imprinting in Specific Embryonic Tissues of Chicken. Scientific Reports 7:1.
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A Dobek, E Gornowicz, K Moliński, B Grajewski, M Lisowski & T Szwaczkowski. (2017) Successful Identification of Duck Genome Region Determining Desirable Uniformity of Meat Performance Traits. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 19:3, pages 437-444.
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Claire E Hirst, Andrew T Major, Katie L Ayers, Rosie J Brown, Mylene Mariette, Timothy B Sackton & Craig A Smith. (2017) Sex Reversal and Comparative Data Undermine the W Chromosome and Support Z-linked DMRT1 as the Regulator of Gonadal Sex Differentiation in Birds. Endocrinology 158:9, pages 2970-2987.
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Z. Wan, Y. Lu, L. Rui, X. Yu & Z. Li. (2017) Sexing chick mRNA: A protocol based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Poultry Science 96:3, pages 537-540.
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Roberta Galli, Grit Preusse, Ortrud Uckermann, Thomas Bartels, Maria-Elisabeth Krautwald-Junghanns, Edmund Koch & Gerald Steiner. (2016) In ovo sexing of chicken eggs by fluorescence spectroscopy. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 409:5, pages 1185-1194.
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Takuya Omotehara, Kiichi Minami, Youhei Mantani, Yuria Umemura, Miho Nishida, Tetsushi Hirano, Hidefumi Yoshioka, Hiroshi Kitagawa, Toshifumi Yokoyama & Nobuhiko Hoshi. (2017) Contribution of the coelomic epithelial cells specific to the left testis in the chicken embryo. Developmental Dynamics 246:2, pages 148-156.
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Magdalena Graczyk, Ewa Gornowicz, Sebastian Mucha, Mirosław Lisowski, Bartosz Grajewski, Jolanta Radziszewska, Marian Pietrzak & Tomasz Szwaczkowski. (2016) Heritability of some meat quality traits in ducks. Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 12:4, pages 9-17.
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Makoto Otsuka, Osamu Miyashita, Mitsuru Shibata, Fujiyuki Sato & Mitsuru Naito. (2016) A novel method for sexing day-old chicks using endoscope system. Poultry Science 95:11, pages 2685-2689.
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Roberta Galli, Grit Preusse, Ortrud Uckermann, Thomas Bartels, Maria-Elisabeth Krautwald-Junghanns, Edmund Koch & Gerald Steiner. (2016) In Ovo Sexing of Domestic Chicken Eggs by Raman Spectroscopy. Analytical Chemistry 88:17, pages 8657-8663.
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Luke S. Lambeth, Kirsten Morris, Katie L. Ayers, Terry G. Wise, Terri O'Neil, Susanne Wilson, Yu Cao, Andrew H. Sinclair, Andrew D. Cutting, Timothy J. Doran & Craig A. Smith. (2016) Overexpression of Anti-Müllerian Hormone Disrupts Gonadal Sex Differentiation, Blocks Sex Hormone Synthesis, and Supports Cell Autonomous Sex Development in the Chicken. Endocrinology 157:3, pages 1258-1275.
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Daichi MIYAHARA, Isao OISHI, Ryuichi MAKINO, Nozomi KURUMISAWA, Ryuma NAKAYA, Tamao ONO, Hiroshi KAGAMI & Takahiro TAGAMI. (2016) Chicken stem cell factor enhances primordial germ cell proliferation cooperatively with fibroblast growth factor 2. Journal of Reproduction and Development 62:2, pages 143-149.
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Michael Clinton, Sunil Nandi, Debiao Zhao, Sarah Olson, Patrick Peterson, Tom Burdon & Derek McBride. (2016) Real-Time Sexing of Chicken Embryos and Compatibility with in ovo Protocols. Sexual Development 10:4, pages 210-216.
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Xiurong Yang, Jixian Deng, Jiangxia Zheng, Li Xia, Zhuliang Yang, Lujiang Qu, Sirui Chen, Guiyun Xu, Hesheng Jiang, Michael Clinton & Ning Yang. (2016) A Window of MHM Demethylation Correlates with Key Events in Gonadal Differentiation in the Chicken. Sexual Development 10:3, pages 152-158.
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Céline Tonus, Karine Cloquette, Fabien Ectors, Joëlle Piret, Laurent Gillet, Nadine Antoine, Daniel Desmecht, Alain Vanderplasschen, Olivier Waroux & Luc Grobet. (2016) Long term-cultured and cryopreserved primordial germ cells from various chicken breeds retain high proliferative potential and gonadal colonisation competency. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28:5, pages 628.
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Katie L. Ayers, Luke S. Lambeth, Nadia M. Davidson, Andrew H. Sinclair, Alicia Oshlack & Craig A. Smith. (2015) Identification of candidate gonadal sex differentiation genes in the chicken embryo using RNA-seq. BMC Genomics 16:1.
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Luke S. Lambeth, Katie Ayers, Andrew D. Cutting, Timothy J. Doran, Andrew H. Sinclair & Craig A. Smith. (2015) Anti-Müllerian Hormone Is Required for Chicken Embryonic Urogenital System Growth but Not Sexual Differentiation1. Biology of Reproduction 93:6.
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Piotr Kamiński, Ewa Grochowska, Sławomir Mroczkowski, Leszek Jerzak, Mariusz Kasprzak, Beata Koim-Puchowska, Alina Woźniak, Olaf Ciebiera & Damian Markulak. (2015) Sex ratio of White Stork Ciconia ciconia in different environments of Poland. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22:17, pages 13194-13203.
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Jean-Marie Gasc, Maud Clemessy, Pierre Corvol & Hervé Kempf. (2015) A chicken model of pharmacologically-induced Hirschsprung disease reveals an unexpected role of glucocorticoids in enteric aganglionosis. Biology Open 4:5, pages 666-671.
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K.L. Ayers, A.D. Cutting, K.N. Roeszler, A.H. Sinclair & C.A. Smith. (2015) DMRT1 is required for Müllerian duct formation in the chicken embryo. Developmental Biology 400:2, pages 224-236.
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Mitsuru Naito, Takashi Harumi & Takashi Kuwana. (2015) Long-term culture of chicken primordial germ cells isolated from embryonic blood and production of germline chimaeric chickens. Animal Reproduction Science 153, pages 50-61.
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Mitsuru Naito, Takashi Harumi & Takashi Kuwana. (2015) Expression of GFP Gene in Gonads of Chicken Embryos by Transfecting Primordial Germ Cells <i>in vitro </i>or <i>in vivo </i>using the PiggyBac Transposon Vector System. The Journal of Poultry Science 52:3, pages 227-231.
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Minli YU, Yali XU, Defu YU, Debing YU & Wenxing DU. (2015) Comparative analysis of temporal gene expression patterns in the developing ovary of the embryonic chicken. Journal of Reproduction and Development 61:2, pages 123-133.
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Sebastian Mucha, Bartosz Grajewski, Ewa Gornowicz, Mirosław Lisowski, Jolanta Radziszewska & Tomasz Szwaczkowski. (2014) Mapping quantitative trait loci affecting some carcass and meat traits in duck (Anas platyrhynchos). Journal of Applied Genetics 55:4, pages 497-503.
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Luke S. Lambeth, Thomas Ohnesorg, David M. Cummins, Andrew H. Sinclair & Craig A. Smith. (2014) Development of Retroviral Vectors for Tissue-Restricted Expression in Chicken Embryonic Gonads. PLoS ONE 9:7, pages e101811.
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Andrew D. Cutting, Katie Ayers, Nadia Davidson, Alicia Oshlack, Tim Doran, Andrew H. Sinclair, Mark Tizard & Craig A. Smith. (2014) Identification, Expression, and Regulation of Anti-Müllerian Hormone Type-II Receptor in the Embryonic Chicken Gonad1. Biology of Reproduction 90:5.
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Luke S. Lambeth, Christopher S. Raymond, Kelly N. Roeszler, Asato Kuroiwa, Tomohiro Nakata, David Zarkower & Craig A. Smith. (2014) Over-expression of DMRT1 induces the male pathway in embryonic chicken gonads. Developmental Biology 389:2, pages 160-172.
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Hiroki Nagai, Maiko Sezaki, Federica Bertocchini, Kimiko Fukuda & Guojun Sheng. (2014) HINTW , a W-chromosome HINT gene in chick, is expressed ubiquitously and is a robust female cell marker applicable in intraspecific chimera studies . genesis 52:5, pages 424-430.
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T. Omotehara, C.A. Smith, Y. Mantani, Y. Kobayashi, A. Tatsumi, D. Nagahara, R. Hashimoto, T. Hirano, Y. Umemura, T. Yokoyama, H. Kitagawa & N. Hoshi. (2014) Spatiotemporal expression patterns of doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 in the chicken developing gonads and Müllerian ducts. Poultry Science 93:4, pages 953-958.
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Daichi Miyahara, Takafumi Mori, Ryuichi Makino, Yoshiaki Nakamura, Isao Oishi, Tamao Ono, Keijiro Nirasawa, Takahiro Tagami & Hiroshi Kagami. (2014) Culture Conditions for Maintain Propagation, Long-term Survival and Germline Transmission of Chicken Primordial Germ Cell-Like Cells. The Journal of Poultry Science 51:1, pages 87-95.
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Nadia Everaert, Sonia Métayer-Coustard, Hilke Willemsen, Haitang Han, Zhigang Song, Zarbakht Ansari, Eddy Decuypere, Johan Buyse & Sophie Tesseraud. (2012) The effect of albumen removal before incubation (embryonic protein under-nutrition) on the post-hatch performance, regulators of protein translation activation and proteolysis in neonatal broilers. British Journal of Nutrition 110:2, pages 265-274.
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Luke S. Lambeth, David M. Cummins, Timothy J. Doran, Andrew H. Sinclair & Craig A. Smith. (2013) Overexpression of Aromatase Alone is Sufficient for Ovarian Development in Genetically Male Chicken Embryos. PLoS ONE 8:6, pages e68362.
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Katie L Ayers, Nadia M Davidson, Diana Demiyah, Kelly N Roeszler, Frank Grützner, Andrew H Sinclair, Alicia Oshlack & Craig A Smith. (2013) RNA sequencing reveals sexually dimorphic gene expression before gonadal differentiation in chicken and allows comprehensive annotation of the W-chromosome. Genome Biology 14:3, pages R26.
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M. Jlali, B. Graulet, B. Chauveau-Duriot, M. Chabault, E. Godet, S. Leroux, C. Praud, E. Le Bihan-Duval, M. J. Duclos & C. Berri. (2012) A mutation in the promoter of the chicken β,β-carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase 1 gene alters xanthophyll metabolism through a selective effect on its mRNA abundance in the breast muscle1. Journal of Animal Science 90:12, pages 4280-4288.
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M. J. Dickens, J. Balthazart & C. A. Cornil. (2012) Brain Aromatase and Circulating Corticosterone are Rapidly Regulated by Combined Acute Stress and Sexual Interaction in a Sex‐Specific Manner. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 24:10, pages 1322-1334.
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Kelly N. Roeszler, Catherine Itman, Andrew H. Sinclair & Craig A. Smith. (2012) The long non-coding RNA, MHM, plays a role in chicken embryonic development, including gonadogenesis. Developmental Biology 366:2, pages 317-326.
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J. Kalina, J. Mucksová, H. Yan & P. Trefil. (2012) Rapid sexing of selected Galliformes by polymerase chain reaction. Czech Journal of Animal Science 57:4, pages 187-192.
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Gwenn-Aël Carré, Isabelle Couty, Christelle Hennequet-Antier & Marina S. Govoroun. (2011) Gene Expression Profiling Reveals New Potential Players of Gonad Differentiation in the Chicken Embryo. PLoS ONE 6:9, pages e23959.
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Stephanie C. Bannister, Craig A. Smith, Kelly N. Roeszler, Timothy J. Doran, Andrew H. Sinclair & Mark L.V. Tizard. (2011) Manipulation of Estrogen Synthesis Alters MIR202* Expression in Embryonic Chicken Gonads1. Biology of Reproduction 85:1, pages 22-30.
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Gerald Steiner, Thomas Bartels, Allison Stelling, Maria-Elisabeth Krautwald-Junghanns, Herbert Fuhrmann, Valdas Sablinskas & Edmund Koch. (2011) Gender determination of fertilized unincubated chicken eggs by infrared spectroscopic imaging. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 400:9, pages 2775-2782.
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Joni Macdonald, James D. Glover, Lorna Taylor, Helen M. Sang & Michael J. McGrew. (2010) Characterisation and Germline Transmission of Cultured Avian Primordial Germ Cells. PLoS ONE 5:11, pages e15518.
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N.F. Rosenthal, H. Ellis, K. Shioda, C. Mahoney, K.R. Coser & T. Shioda. (2010) High-throughput applicable genomic sex typing of chicken by TaqMan real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Poultry Science 89:7, pages 1451-1456.
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H. T. Tran, W. Ferrell & T. R. Butt. (2010) An estrogen sensor for poultry sex sorting1. Journal of Animal Science 88:4, pages 1358-1364.
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D. Zhao, D. McBride, S. Nandi, H. A. McQueen, M. J. McGrew, P. M. Hocking, P. D. Lewis, H. M. Sang & M. Clinton. (2010) Somatic sex identity is cell autonomous in the chicken. Nature 464:7286, pages 237-242.
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Mitsuru Naito, Takashi Harumi & Takashi Kuwana. (2010) Morphological Characteristics of Symmetrically Developed Ovaries in a 17-day Incubated Chicken Embryo. The Journal of Poultry Science 47:1, pages 85-88.
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Shuji Takada, Eugene Berezikov, Young Lim Choi, Yoshihiro Yamashita & Hiroyuki Mano. (2009) Potential role of miR-29b in modulation of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b expression in primordial germ cells of female mouse embryos . RNA 15:8, pages 1507-1514.
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Josephine Bowles, Chun-Wei Feng, Deon Knight, Craig A. Smith, Kelly N. Roeszler, Stefan Bagheri-Fam, Vincent R. Harley, Andrew H. Sinclair & Peter Koopman. (2009) Male-specific expression of Aldh1a1 in mouse and chicken fetal testes: Implications for retinoid balance in gonad development . Developmental Dynamics 238:8, pages 2073-2080.
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Stephanie C. Bannister, Mark L.V. Tizard, Timothy J. Doran, Andrew H. Sinclair & Craig A. Smith. (2009) Sexually Dimorphic MicroRNA Expression During Chicken Embryonic Gonadal Development1. Biology of Reproduction 81:1, pages 165-176.
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Mitsuru Naito, Takeo Minematsu, Takashi Harumi & Takashi Kuwana. (2009) Preferential Migration of Transferred Primordial Germ Cells to Left Germinal Ridge of Recipient Embryos in Chickens. The Journal of Poultry Science 46:1, pages 40-45.
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Craig A Smith, Christina M Shoemaker, Kelly N Roeszler, Joanna Queen, David Crews & Andrew H Sinclair. (2008) Cloning and expression of R-Spondin1in different vertebrates suggests a conserved role in ovarian development. BMC Developmental Biology 8:1.
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C-W Huang & M-C Huang. (2008) A Simple and Rapid PCR-Based Method for Ostrich Sexing Using Micro Amounts of DNA. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 43:6, pages 643-646.
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Craig A Smith, Kelly N Roeszler, Josephine Bowles, Peter Koopman & Andrew H Sinclair. (2008) Onset of meiosis in the chicken embryo; evidence of a role for retinoic acid. BMC Developmental Biology 8:1.
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M. Harz, M. Krause, T. Bartels, K. Cramer, P. Rösch & J. Popp. (2008) Minimal Invasive Gender Determination of Birds by Means of UV-Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. Analytical Chemistry 80:4, pages 1080-1086.
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Santosh Haunshi, Arunav Pattanayak, Subhasis Bandyopadhaya, Sharat C. Saxena & Kamal M. Bujarbaruah. (2008) A Simple and Quick DNA Extraction Procedure for Rapid Diagnosis of Sex of Chicken and Chicken Embryos. The Journal of Poultry Science 45:1, pages 75-81.
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Shinya Aramaki, Fuminori Sato, Takako Kato, Tomoki Soh, Yukio Kato & Masa-aki Hattori. (2007) Molecular cloning and expression of dead end homologue in chicken primordial germ cells. Cell and Tissue Research 330:1, pages 45-52.
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S. Takagi, T. Ono, A. Tsukada, Y. Atsumi, S. Mizushima, N. Saito & K. Shimada. (2007) Fertilization and Blastoderm Development of Quail Oocytes After Intracytoplasmic Injection of Chicken Sperm Bearing the W Chromosome. Poultry Science 86:5, pages 937-943.
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S. Takagi, A. Tsukada, N. Saito & K. Shimada. (2007) Fertilizing Ability of Chicken Sperm Bearing the W Chromosome. Poultry Science 86:4, pages 731-738.
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Soichi Takagi, Tamao Ono, Akira Tsukada, Yusuke Atsumi, Shusei Mizushima, Noboru Saito & Kiyoshi Shimada. (2007) Z-Chromosome Specific Primers for Chicken-Quail Hybrid Blastoderm. The Journal of Poultry Science 44:2, pages 209-212.
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P.E. Mozdziak, R. Wysocki, J. Angerman-Stewart, S.L. Pardue & J.N. Petitte. (2006) Production of Chick Germline Chimeras from Fluorescence-Activated Cell-Sorted Gonocytes. Poultry Science 85:10, pages 1764-1768.
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Chean-Ping Wu, Yan-Ming Horng, Kuo-Tai Yang, Chang-Wen Huang & Mu-Chiou Huang. (2006) Female-specific DNA sequences in ostriches. Molecular and Cellular Probes 20:5, pages 307-310.
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Yan-Ming Horng, Chean-Ping Wu, Yng-Chyu Wang & Mu-Chiou Huang. (2006) A novel molecular genetic marker for gender determination of pigeons. Theriogenology 65:9, pages 1759-1768.
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Shuji Takada, Tomoaki Wada, Ruri Kaneda, Young Lim Choi, Yoshihiro Yamashita & Hiroyuki Mano. (2006) Evidence for activation of Amh gene expression by steroidogenic factor 1. Mechanisms of Development 123:6, pages 472-480.
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Shuji Takada, Jun Ota, Norio Kansaku, Hideji Yamashita, Tokukazu Izumi, Madoka Ishikawa, Tomoaki Wada, Ruri Kaneda, Young Lim Choi, Koji Koinuma, Shin-ichiro Fujiwara, Hirotaka Aoki, Hiroyuki Kisanuki, Yoshihiro Yamashita & Hiroyuki Mano. (2006) Nucleotide sequence and embryonic expression of quail and duck Sox9 genes. General and Comparative Endocrinology 145:2, pages 208-213.
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P.E. Mozdziak, J. Angerman-Stewart, B. Rushton, S.L. Pardue & J.N. Petitte. (2005) Isolation of chicken primordial germ cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Poultry Science 84:4, pages 594-600.
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Marina S. Govoroun, Maëlle Pannetier, Eric Pailhoux, Julie Cocquet, Jean-Pierre Brillard, Isabelle Couty, Florence Batellier & Corinne Cotinot. (2004) Isolation of chicken homolog of the FOXL2 gene and comparison of its expression patterns with those of aromatase during ovarian development . Developmental Dynamics 231:4, pages 859-870.
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Yan-Ming Horng, Yi-Ting Chen, Chean-Ping Wu, Yu-Shine Jea & Mu-Chiou Huang. (2004) Cloning of Taiwan water buffalo male-specific DNA sequence for sexing. Theriogenology 62:8, pages 1536-1543.
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Paola Sacchi, Dominga Soglia, Sandra Maione, Giuseppe Meneguz, Massimo Campora & Roberto Rasero. (2004) A non-invasive test for sex identification in Short-toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus). Molecular and Cellular Probes 18:3, pages 193-196.
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Takeo Minematsu, Misato Sugiyama, Yumiko Tohma, Atsushi Tajima & Yukio Kanai. (2004) Simplified DNA Extraction Methods for Sexing Chick Embryos. The Journal of Poultry Science 41:2, pages 147-154.
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Kelly A. Loffler, David Zarkower & Peter Koopman. (2003) Etiology of Ovarian Failure in Blepharophimosis Ptosis Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome: FOXL2 Is a Conserved, Early-Acting Gene in Vertebrate Ovarian Development. Endocrinology 144:7, pages 3237-3243.
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Mitsuru NAITO. (2003) Development of avian embryo manipulation techniques and their application to germ cell manipulation. Animal Science Journal 74:3, pages 157-168.
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Mitsuru Naito, Akiko Sano, Takaharu Kawashima, Hiroyuki Nakamichi, Takashi Harumi, Yuko Matsubara & Takashi Kuwana. (2003) A Simple Method for Sexing Chicken Embryos at Stage X. The Journal of Poultry Science 40:3, pages 226-230.
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Mitsuru Naito. (2003) Cryopreservation of Avian Germline Cells and Subsequent Production of Viable Offspring.. The Journal of Poultry Science 40:1, pages 1-12.
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