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Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology Volume 97, 2003 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Itraconazole or allopurinol in the treatment of chronic American trypanosomiasis: the regression and prevention of electrocardiographic abnormalities during 9 years of follow-up

W. AptUnidad de Parasitología Norte, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, P.O. Box 427, Santiago 3, Chile
,
A. ArribadaDepartamento de Medicina, Hospital San Borja Arriara´n, Universidad de Chile, P.O. Box 9183, Santiago 1, Chile, and Servicio Cardiologiá, Clínica INDISA, P.0.Box 9183, Santiago 1, Chile
,
I. ZulantayUnidad de Parasitología Norte, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, P.O. Box 427, Santiago 3, Chile; Programa de Biologí Celulary y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencia Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, P.0.Box 427, Santiago 3, Chile
,
G. SanchezPrograma de Biologí Celulary y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencia Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, P.0.Box 427, Santiago 3, Chile
,
S. L. VargasPrograma de Microbiologí, Instituto de Ciencia Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, P.0.Box 9183, Santiago 1, Chile
&
J. RodriguezEscuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, P.O. Box 427, Santiago 3, Chile
Pages 23-29 | Published online: 18 Jul 2013

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Juan M Bustamante & Rick L Tarleton. (2014) Potential new clinical therapies for Chagas disease. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology 7:3, pages 317-325.
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Rodolfo Viotti, Carlos Vigliano, Bruno Lococo, Maria Gabriela Alvarez, Marcos Petti, Graciela Bertocchi & Alejandro Armenti. (2009) Side effects of benznidazole as treatment in chronic Chagas disease: fears and realities. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 7:2, pages 157-163.
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W. Apt, A. Arribada, I. Zulantay, A. Solari, G. Sánchez, K. Mundaca, X. Coronado, J. Rodríguez, L. C. Gil & A. Osuna. (2005) Itraconazole or allopurinol in the treatment of chronic American trypanosomiasis: the results of clinical and parasitological examinations 11 years post-treatment. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 99:8, pages 733-741.
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Articles from other publishers (36)

Zongyuan Liu, Rebecca Ulrich vonBargen, April L. Kendricks, Kate Wheeler, Ana Carolina Leão, Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan, Danya A. Dean, Shelley S. Kane, Ekram Hossain, Jeroen Pollet, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Peter J. Hotez, Kathryn M. Jones & Laura-Isobel McCall. (2023) Localized cardiac small molecule trajectories and persistent chemical sequelae in experimental Chagas disease. Nature Communications 14:1.
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Isis G. Montalvo-Ocotoxtle, Gustavo Rojas-Velasco, Olivia Rodríguez-Morales, Minerva Arce-Fonseca, Luis A. Baeza-Herrera, Arturo Arzate-Ramírez, Gabriela Meléndez-Ramírez, Daniel Manzur-Sandoval, Mayra L. Lara-Romero, Antonio Reyes-Ortega, Patricia Espinosa-González & Erika Palacios-Rosas. (2022) Chagas Heart Disease: Beyond a Single Complication, from Asymptomatic Disease to Heart Failure. Journal of Clinical Medicine 11:24, pages 7262.
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Paola García-Huertas & Nora Cardona-Castro. (2021) Advances in the treatment of Chagas disease: Promising new drugs, plants and targets. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 142, pages 112020.
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Sindhu Chadalawada, Stefan Sillau, Solana Archuleta, William Mundo, Mehdi Bandali, Gabriel Parra-Henao, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales, Wilmer E. Villamil-Gomez, José Antonio Suárez, Leland Shapiro, Peter J. Hotez, Laila Woc-Colburn, Kristen DeSanto, Anis RassiJrJr, Carlos Franco-Paredes & Andrés F. Henao-Martínez. (2020) Risk of Chronic Cardiomyopathy Among Patients With the Acute Phase or Indeterminate Form of Chagas Disease. JAMA Network Open 3:8, pages e2015072.
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Eleonora Lima Alves Cunha, Fernanda Karoline Vieira da Silva Torchelsen, Lucas Maciel Cunha, Maykon Tavares de Oliveira, Kátia da Silva Fonseca, Paula Melo Abreu Vieira, Cláudia Martins Carneiro & Marta de Lana. (2019) Benznidazole, itraconazole and their combination in the treatment of acute experimental chagas disease in dogs. Experimental Parasitology 204, pages 107711.
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Ana Lia Mazzeti, Lívia de F. Diniz, Karolina R. Gonçalves, Ruan Schott WonDollinger, Tassiane Assíria, Isabela Ribeiro & Maria T. Bahia. (2019) Synergic Effect of Allopurinol in Combination with Nitroheterocyclic Compounds against Trypanosoma cruzi. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 63:6.
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Swati Pund & Amita Joshi. 2017. Nano- and Microscale Drug Delivery Systems. Nano- and Microscale Drug Delivery Systems 439 480 .
Ivan Semenovitch, Omar Lupi & João Pedro Almeida. 2017. Tropical Dermatology. Tropical Dermatology 31 41 .
Paola Carolina Bazán, María Silvina Lo Presti, Mariana Strauss, Alejandra Lidia Báez, Noemí Miler, Patricia Adriana Paglini & Héctor Walter Rivarola. (2016) Quantitative PCR and unconventional serological methods to evaluate clomipramine treatment effectiveness in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Experimental and Molecular Pathology 101:2, pages 274-280.
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José Bermudez, Carolina Davies, Analía Simonazzi, Juan Pablo Real & Santiago Palma. (2016) Current drug therapy and pharmaceutical challenges for Chagas disease. Acta Tropica 156, pages 1-16.
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Martha M. Rumore. (2016) Medication Repurposing in Pediatric Patients: Teaching Old Drugs New Tricks. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 21:1, pages 36-53.
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Juan Carlos Villar, Juan Guillermo Perez, Olga Lucia Cortes, Adelina Riarte, Micah Pepper, Jose Antonio Marin-Neto & Gordon H Guyatt. (2014) Trypanocidal drugs for chronic asymptomatic Trypanosoma cruzi infection . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
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Alexandra Lüscher, Estelle Lamprea-Burgunder, Fabrice E. Graf, Harry P. de Koning & Pascal Mäser. (2014) Trypanosoma brucei adenine-phosphoribosyltransferases mediate adenine salvage and aminopurinol susceptibility but not adenine toxicity. International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance 4:1, pages 55-63.
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I. Alves-Silva, L.C.L. S?-Barreto, E.M. Lima & M.S.S. Cunha-Filho. (2014) Preformulation studies of itraconazole associated with benznidazole and pharmaceutical excipients. Thermochimica Acta 575, pages 29-33.
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W. Apt, A. Arribada, I. Zulantay, J. Rodriguez, M. Saavedra & A. Munoz. (2013) Treatment of Chagas' disease with itraconazole: electrocardiographic and parasitological conditions after 20 years of follow-up. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 68:9, pages 2164-2169.
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NOELIA L. GROSSO, MICAELA LOPEZ ALARCON, JAQUELINE BUA, SUSANA A. LAUCELLA, ADELINA RIARTE & LAURA E. FICHERA. (2013) Combined treatment with benznidazole and allopurinol in mice infected with a virulent Trypanosoma cruzi isolate from Nicaragua . Parasitology 140:10, pages 1225-1233.
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D. E. Perez-Mazliah, M. G. Alvarez, G. Cooley, B. E. Lococo, G. Bertocchi, M. Petti, M. C. Albareda, A. H. Armenti, R. L. Tarleton, S. A. Laucella & R. Viotti. (2012) Sequential combined treatment with allopurinol and benznidazole in the chronic phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a pilot study. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 68:2, pages 424-437.
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Bashar Katirji & Daniel Koontz. 2012. Neurology in Clinical Practice. Neurology in Clinical Practice 1915 2015 .
Juan Venegas, Sandra Miranda, William Coñoepan, Sergio Pîchuantes, María Isabel Jercic, Christian González, Marta Gajardo, Werner Apt, Arturo Arribada & Gittith Sánchez. (2010) Microsatellite marker analysis shows differentiation among Trypanosoma cruzi populations of peripheral blood and dejections of Triatoma infestans fed on the same chronic chagasic patients. Parasitology Research 107:4, pages 855-863.
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Julio A. Urbina. (2010) Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: Relevance, current limitations and new approaches. Acta Tropica 115:1-2, pages 55-68.
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Eder Lilia Romero & Maria Jose Morilla. (2010) Nanotechnological approaches against Chagas disease. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 62:4-5, pages 576-588.
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Shaily Patel & Aisha Sethi. (2009) Imported tropical diseases. Dermatologic Therapy 22:6, pages 538-549.
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Walderez Ornelas Dutra, Cristiane Alves Silva Menezes, Fernanda Nobre Amaral Villani, Germano Carneiro da Costa, Alexandre Barcelos Morais da Silveira, Débora d'Ávila Reis & Kenneth J Gollob. (2009) Cellular and genetic mechanisms involved in the generation of protective and pathogenic immune responses in human Chagas disease. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 104:suppl 1, pages 208-218.
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Omar Lupi, Brenda L. Bartlett, Reshma Nair Haugen, Lady C. Dy, Aisha Sethi, Sidney N. Klaus, Jackson Machado Pinto, Francisco Bravo & Stephen K. Tyring. (2009) Tropical dermatology: Tropical diseases caused by protozoa. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 60:6, pages 897-925.
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Juan Venegas, William Coñoepan, Sergio Pichuantes, Sandra Miranda, Werner Apt, Arturo Arribada, Inés Zulantay, Ximena Coronado, Jorge Rodriguez, Eduardo Reyes, Aldo Solari & Gittith Sanchez. (2009) Differential distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi clones in human chronic chagasic cardiopathic and non-cardiopathic individuals. Acta Tropica 109:3, pages 187-193.
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Yadollah Harati & E. Peter Bosch. 2008. Neurology in Clinical Practice. Neurology in Clinical Practice 2249 2355 .
Paola Gobbi, María S. Lo Presti, Alicia R. Fernández, Julio E. Enders, Ricardo Fretes, Susana Gea, Patricia A. Paglini-Oliva & Héctor W. Rivarola. (2007) Allopurinol is effective to modify the evolution of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. Parasitology Research 101:5, pages 1459-1462.
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Juan Diego Maya, Bruce K. Cassels, Patricio Iturriaga-Vásquez, Jorge Ferreira, Mario Faúndez, Norbel Galanti, Arturo Ferreira & Antonio Morello. (2007) Mode of action of natural and synthetic drugs against Trypanosoma cruzi and their interaction with the mammalian host. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 146:4, pages 601-620.
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Sergio Sosa-Estani & Elsa Leonor Segura. (2006) Etiological treatment in patients infected by Trypanosoma cruzi: experiences in Argentina. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 19:6, pages 583-587.
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Ximena Coronado, Ines Zulantay, Eduardo Reyes, Werner Apt, Juan Venegas, Jorge Rodriguez, Aldo Solari & Gittith Sanchez. (2006) Comparison of Trypanosoma cruzi detection by PCR in blood and dejections of Triatoma infestans fed on patients with chronic Chagas disease. Acta Tropica 98:3, pages 314-317.
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Ivan Semenovitch & Omar Lupi. 2006. Tropical Dermatology. Tropical Dermatology 29 39 .
Harry P. de Koning, Daniel J. Bridges & Richard J.S. Burchmore. (2005) Purine and pyrimidine transport in pathogenic protozoa: From biology to therapy. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 29:5, pages 987-1020.
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E MAHLER, J HOEBEKE & M J LEVIN. (2004) Structural and functional complexity of the humoral response against the Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P2 β protein in patients with chronic Chagas’ heart disease . Clinical and Experimental Immunology 136:3, pages 527-534.
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In?s Zulantay, Patricia Honores, Aldo Solari, Werner Apt, Sylvia Ortiz, Antonio Osuna, Antonio Rojas, Bernardo L?pez & Gittith S?nchez. (2004) Use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybridization assays to detect trypanosoma cruzi in chronic chagasic patients treated with itraconazole or allopurinol. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 48:4, pages 253-257.
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Julio A. Urbina & Roberto Docampo. (2003) Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: controversies and advances. Trends in Parasitology 19:11, pages 495-501.
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Rick L. Tarleton. (2003) Chagas disease: a role for autoimmunity?. Trends in Parasitology 19:10, pages 447-451.
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