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Ironmaking & Steelmaking
Processes, Products and Applications
Volume 27, 2000 - Issue 6
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Regular Papers

Minimisation of calcium additions to low carbon steel grades

J.M.A. GeldenhuisThe Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering University of Pretoria, 0002Pretoria, South Africa
&
P.C. PistoriusThe Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering University of Pretoria, 0002Pretoria, South Africa
Pages 442-449 | Published online: 18 Jul 2013

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Veerababu Gollapalli, M. B. Venkata Rao, Phani S. Karamched, Chenna Rao Borra, Gour G. Roy & Prakash Srirangam. (2019) Modification of oxide inclusions in calcium-treated Al-killed high sulphur steels. Ironmaking & Steelmaking 46:7, pages 663-670.
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Binay Kumar, Sachin Mishra, M. B. V. Rao & Gour Gopal Roy. (2019) Experimental investigation of recovery and efficiency of calcium addition through cored wire in steel melt at Visakhapatnam Steel Plant. Ironmaking & Steelmaking 46:5, pages 454-462.
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J. K. S. Svensson, A. Memarpour, S. Ekerot, V. Brabie & P. G. Jönsson. (2017) Studies of new coating materials to prevent clogging of submerged entry nozzle (SEN) during continuous casting of Al killed low carbon steels. Ironmaking & Steelmaking 44:2, pages 117-127.
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S. Zhao, S. P. He, Y. T. Guo, G. J. Chen & J. C. Lv. (2016) Effect on cleanliness of molten steel with different refining slag systems for low alloy ship plate. Ironmaking & Steelmaking 43:10, pages 790-798.
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N. Dogan, R. J. Longbottom, M. H. Reid, M. W. Chapman, P. Wilson, L. Moore & B. J. Monaghan. (2015) Morphology and composition changes of spinel (MgAl2O4) inclusions in steel. Ironmaking & Steelmaking 42:3, pages 185-193.
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S. Zhao, S. P. He, G. J. Chen, M. M. Peng & Q. Wang. (2014) Castability of molten steel and cleanliness of slab for high strength low alloy steel without calcium treatment. Ironmaking & Steelmaking 41:2, pages 153-160.
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S. Abdelaziz, G. Megahed, I. El-Mahallawi & H. Ahmed. (2009) Control of Ca addition for improved cleanness of low C, Al killed steel. Ironmaking & Steelmaking 36:6, pages 432-441.
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C. M. Fan & W. S. Hwang. (2002) Study of optimal Ca-Si injection position in gas stirred ladle based on water model experiment and flow simulation. Ironmaking & Steelmaking 29:6, pages 415-426.
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Weijian Wang, Jujin Wang, Ying Ren & Lifeng Zhang. (2023) A Thermodynamic Model to Predict the Composition of Inclusions in Al‐Killed Ca‐Treated Steels. steel research international 94:7.
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Songjie Wu, Yanhui Zhang, Wen Yang & Lifeng Zhang. (2022) Effect of Types of Calcium‐Containing Cored Wires on the Inclusion Modification by Calcium Treatment. steel research international 93:9.
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Gong Cheng, Weifu Li, Xianguang Zhang & Lifeng Zhang. (2019) Transformation of Inclusions in Solid GCr15 Bearing Steels During Heat Treatment. Metals 9:6, pages 642.
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Xue-feng Bai, Yan-hui Sun, Rui-mei Chen, Yi-min Zhang & Yi-fan Cai. (2019) Formation and thermodynamics of CaS-bearing inclusions during Ca treatment in oil casting steels. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 26:5, pages 573-587.
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Yang Liu, Lifeng Zhang, Ying Zhang, Haojian Duan, Ying Ren & Wen Yang. (2018) Effect of Sulfur in Steel on Transient Evolution of Inclusions During Calcium Treatment. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 49:2, pages 610-626.
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Qi Wang, Lijun Wang, Jun Zhai, Jianmin Li & Kuochih Chou. (2017) Calcium Treatment for FeSi-killed Fe-13 Pct Cr Stainless Steel with Various Top Slag Compositions. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 49:1, pages 325-333.
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Xuewei Zhang, Lifeng Zhang, Wen Yang, Yi Wang, Yang Liu & Yuanchi Dong. (2016) Characterization of the Three-Dimensional Morphology and Formation Mechanism of Inclusions in Linepipe Steels. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 48:1, pages 701-712.
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Cheng-Bin Shi, Wen-Tao Yu, Hao Wang, Jing Li & Min Jiang. (2016) Simultaneous Modification of Alumina and MgO·Al2O3 Inclusions by Calcium Treatment During Electroslag Remelting of Stainless Tool Steel. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 48:1, pages 146-161.
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Jianfei Xu, Fuxiang Huang & Xinhua Wang. (2016) Formation Mechanism of CaS-Al2O3 Inclusions in Low Sulfur Al-Killed Steel After Calcium Treatment. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 47:2, pages 1217-1227.
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Lichun Zheng, Annelies Malfliet, Patrick Wollants, Bart Blanpain & Muxing Guo. (2016) Effect of Alumina Morphology on the Clustering of Alumina Inclusions in Molten Iron. ISIJ International 56:6, pages 926-935.
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Mingsheng Xia, Ge Jie, Bin Han, Guilan Li, Shichuan Yu & Hongbo Zhang. 2016. HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015. HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015 865 871 .
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P. Chris Pistorius, Debdutta Roy & Neerav Verma. (2013) Examples of How Fundamental Knowledge can Improve Steelmaking: Desulphurisation Kinetics Calcium and Modification. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 66:5-6, pages 519-523.
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Rongxun Piao, Hae-Geon Lee & Youn-Bae Kang. (2013) Experimental investigation of phase equilibria and thermodynamic modeling of the CaO–Al2O3–CaS and the CaO–SiO2–CaS oxysulfide systems. Acta Materialia 61:2, pages 683-696.
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Shu-feng Yang, Jing-she Li, Zai-fei Wang, Jiao Li & Lin Lin. (2011) Modification of MgO·Al2O3 spinel inclusions in Al-killed steel by Ca-treatment. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 18:1, pages 18-23.
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Y. Wang, S. Sridhar & M. Valdez. (2002) Formation of CaS on Al2O3-CaO inclusions during solidification of steels. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 33:4, pages 625-632.
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J.M.A Geldenhuis. (2002) Recovery of valuables from flue dust fines. Minerals Engineering 15:1-2, pages 95-98.
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