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Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology Volume 99, 2005 - Issue 5
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Original Articles

The roles of the pfcrt 76T and pfmdr1 86Y mutations, immunity and the initial level of parasitaemia, in predicting the outcome of chloroquine treatment in two areas with different transmission intensities

I. F. KhalilDepartment of International HealthInstitute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Medical Parasitology (CMP), Panum 24-2, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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M. AlifrangisDepartment of International HealthInstitute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Medical Parasitology (CMP), Panum 24-2, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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D. S. TarimoDepartment of ParasitologyInstitute of Public Health, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salam, Tanzania
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T. StaalsøDepartment of International HealthInstitute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Medical Parasitology (CMP), Panum 24-2, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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G. M. H. SattiDepartment of BiochemistryCollege of Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 2114, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia, and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
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T. G. TheanderDepartment of International HealthInstitute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Medical Parasitology (CMP), Panum 24-2, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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A. M. RønnDepartment of International HealthInstitute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Medical Parasitology (CMP), Panum 24-2, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
&
I. C. BygbjergDepartment of International HealthInstitute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Medical Parasitology (CMP), Panum 24-2, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pages 441-448 | Published online: 18 Jul 2013

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Anushree Acharya, Devendra Bansal, Praveen K. Bharti, Fahmi Y. Khan, Salem Abusalah, Ashraf Elmalik, Mohammed ElKhalifa, Pradyumna K. Mohapatra, Jagadish Mahanta, Rakesh Sehgal, Neeru Singh & Ali A. Sultan. (2018) Molecular surveillance of chloroquine drug resistance markers (Pfcrt and Pfmdr1) among imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Qatar. Pathogens and Global Health 112:2, pages 57-62.
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M. F. Nadeem, N. Zeeshan, A. A. Khattak, U. A. Awan & A. Yaqoob. (2023) Fixation of pfcrt chloroquine resistance alleles in Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates collected from unrest tribal agencies of Pakistan. Brazilian Journal of Biology 83.
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Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Aymen M. Madkhali, Ahmed A. Abdulhaq, Wahib M. Atroosh, Ahmad Hassn Ghzwani, Khalid Ammash Zain, Khalid Y. Ghailan, Hassan A. Hamali, Abdullah A. Mobarki, Talal H. Alharazi, Zaki M. Eisa & Yee-Ling Lau. (2022) Polymorphism analysis of pfmdr1 gene in Plasmodium falciparum isolates 11 years post-adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapy in Saudi Arabia. Scientific Reports 12:1.
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Kennedy Kassaza, Anna C. Long, Jennifer M. McDaniels, Mharlove Andre, Wasswa Fredrickson, Dan Nyehangane, Patrick Orikiriza, Darwin J. Operario, Joel Bazira, Juliet A. Mwanga-Amumpaire, Christopher C. Moore, Jennifer L. Guler & Yap BoumIIII. (2021) Surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt haplotypes in southwestern Uganda by high‐resolution melt analysis. Malaria Journal 20:1.
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Janine Naß & Thomas Efferth. (2019) Development of artemisinin resistance in malaria therapy. Pharmacological Research 146, pages 104275.
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Michael Nambozi, Jean-Bertin Bukasa Kabuya, Sebastian Hachizovu, David Mwakazanga, Joyce Mulenga, Webster Kasongo, Jozefien Buyze, Modest Mulenga, Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden & Umberto D’Alessandro. (2017) Artemisinin-based combination therapy in pregnant women in Zambia: efficacy, safety and risk of recurrent malaria. Malaria Journal 16:1.
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Sydney Maghendji-Nzondo, Lady-Charl?ne Kouna, Ga?l Mourembou, Larson Boundenga, Romeo-Karl Imboumy-Limoukou, Pierre-Blaise Matsiegui, Rella Manego-Zoleko, Bertrand Mbatchi, Didier Raoult, Fousseyni Toure-Ndouo & Jean Bernard Lekana-Douki. (2016) Malaria in urban, semi-urban and rural areas of southern of Gabon: comparison of the Pfmdr 1 and Pfcrt genotypes from symptomatic children. Malaria Journal 15:1.
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Oladosu O Oladipo, Oyibo A Wellington & Colin J Sutherland. (2015) Persistence of chloroquine-resistant haplotypes of Plasmodium falciparum in children with uncomplicated Malaria in Lagos, Nigeria, four years after change of chloroquine as first-line antimalarial medicine. Diagnostic Pathology 10:1.
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Elsa Lobo, Bruno de Sousa, Soraia Rosa, Paula Figueiredo, Lis Lobo, Sara Pateira, Natercia Fernandes & Fatima Nogueira. (2014) Prevalence of pfmdr1 alleles associated with artemether-lumefantrine tolerance/resistance in Maputo before and after the implementation of artemisinin-based combination therapy. Malaria Journal 13:1.
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Neils B Quashie, Nancy O Duah, Benjamin Abuaku, Lydia Quaye, Ruth Ayanful-Torgby, George A Akwoviah, Margaret Kweku, Jacob D Johnson, Naomi W Lucchi, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, Christopher Duplessis, Karl C Kronmann & Kwadwo A Koram. (2013) A SYBR Green 1-based in vitro test of susceptibility of Ghanaian Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates to a panel of anti-malarial drugs. Malaria Journal 12:1.
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Maha A ElBadry, Alexandre Existe, Yves S Victor, Gladys Memnon, Mark Fukuda, John B Dame, Charles A Yowell & Bernard A Okech. (2013) Survey of Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance-1 and chloroquine resistance transporter alleles in Haiti. Malaria Journal 12:1.
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Asia Mohammed, Arnold Ndaro, Akili Kalinga, Alphaxard Manjurano, Jackline F Mosha, Dominick F Mosha, Marco van Zwetselaar, Jan B Koenderink, Frank W Mosha, Michael Alifrangis, Hugh Reyburn, Cally Roper & Reginald A Kavishe. (2013) Trends in chloroquine resistance marker, Pfcrt-K76T mutation ten years after chloroquine withdrawal in Tanzania. Malaria Journal 12:1.
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Nancy O Duah, Sena A Matrevi, Dziedzom K de Souza, Daniel D Binnah, Mary M Tamakloe, Vera S Opoku, Christiana O Onwona, Charles A Narh, Neils B Quashie, Benjamin Abuaku, Christopher Duplessis, Karl C Kronmann & Kwadwo A Koram. (2013) Increased pfmdr1 gene copy number and the decline in pfcrt and pfmdr1 resistance alleles in Ghanaian Plasmodium falciparum isolates after the change of anti-malarial drug treatment policy. Malaria Journal 12:1.
Crossref
Wahib M Atroosh, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Mohammed AK Mahdy & Johari Surin. (2012) The detection of pfcrt and pfmdr1 point mutations as molecular markers of chloroquine drug resistance, Pahang, Malaysia. Malaria Journal 11:1.
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Martha M. Lemnge, Ib C. Bygbjerg, Thomas T. Thomsen, Deus S. Ishengoma, Bruno P. Mmbando, Michael Alifrangis, John P. Lusingu, Lasse S. Vestergaard & Thor G. Theander. (2011) Prevalence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Plasmodium falciparum Multidrug Resistance Gene (Pfmdr-1) in Korogwe District in Tanzania Before and After Introduction of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 85:6, pages 979-983.
Crossref
Reem A Mubjer, Ahmed A Adeel, Michael L Chance & Amir A Hassan. (2011) Molecular markers of anti-malarial drug resistance in Lahj Governorate, Yemen: baseline data and implications. Malaria Journal 10:1.
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Natasha Howard, Naeem Durrani, Sanda Sanda, Khalid Beshir, Rachel Hallett & Mark Rowland. (2011) Clinical trial of extended-dose chloroquine for treatment of resistant falciparum malaria among Afghan refugees in Pakistan. Malaria Journal 10:1.
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Anne EP Frosch, Meera Venkatesan & Miriam K Laufer. (2011) Patterns of chloroquine use and resistance in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of household survey and molecular data. Malaria Journal 10:1.
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Stephen J Rogerson, Rushika S Wijesinghe & Steven R Meshnick. (2010) Host immunity as a determinant of treatment outcome in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 10:1, pages 51-59.
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Stéphane Picot, Piero Olliaro, Frédérique de Monbrison, Anne-Lise Bienvenu, Ric N Price & Pascal Ringwald. (2009) A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence for correlation between molecular markers of parasite resistance and treatment outcome in falciparum malaria. Malaria Journal 8:1.
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Jutta Marfurt, Ivo Müller, Albert Sie, Olive Oa, John C Reeder, Thomas A Smith, Hans-Peter Beck & Blaise Genton. (2008) The usefulness of twenty-four molecular markers in predicting treatment outcome with combination therapy of amodiaquine plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine against falciparum malaria in Papua New Guinea. Malaria Journal 7:1.
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Paula Figueiredo, Carla Benchimol, Dinora Lopes, Luís Bernardino, Virgílio E do Rosário, Luís Varandas & Fátima Nogueira. (2008) Prevalence of pfmdr1, pfcrt, pfdhfr and pfdhps mutations associated with drug resistance, in Luanda, Angola. Malaria Journal 7:1.
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Alisa P. Alker, Walter M. Kazadi, Albert K. Kutelemeni, Peter B. Bloland, Antoinette K. Tshefu & Steven R. Meshnick. (2008) dhfr and dhps genotype and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment failure in children with falciparum malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo . Tropical Medicine & International Health 13:11, pages 1384-1391.
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Anders Enevold, Watoky MMM Nkya, Michael Theisen, Lasse S Vestergaard, Anja TR Jensen, Trine Staalsoe, Thor G Theander, Ib C Bygbjerg & Michael Alifrangis. (2007) Potential impact of host immunity on malaria treatment outcome in Tanzanian children infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Malaria Journal 6:1.
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David J. Conway. (2007) Molecular Epidemiology of Malaria. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 20:1, pages 188-204.
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