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Original Articles

Use of the PAR Index in Assessing the Effectiveness of Removable Orthodontic Appliances

, D.D.S., M.D.S., D.Orth., F.D.S., F.F.D., , B.D.S., M.Sc., F.D.S., M.Orth. & , M.Sc.
Pages 351-357 | Accepted 01 Dec 1992, Published online: 21 Jun 2016

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Grant Isherwood, Ross Pencovich, Girvan Burnside & Simon Miller. (2018) The Scottish Orthodontic Peer Review project: the outcome of treatment and standard of record keeping by orthodontic specialist practitioners in Scotland. Journal of Orthodontics 45:3, pages 176-185.
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L. H. Teh, W. J. S. Kerr & J. H. McColl. (2000) Orthodontic Treatment with Fixed Appliances in the General Dental Service in Scotland. Journal of Orthodontics 27:2, pages 175-180.
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Charles Daniels & Stephen Richmond. (2000) The Development of the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON). Journal of Orthodontics 27:2, pages 149-162.
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N A Fox, S Richmond, J L Wright & C P Daniels. (1997) Factors affecting the outcome of orthodontic treatment within the general dental service.. British Journal of Orthodontics 24:3, pages 217-221.
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Kurt Bergtröm & Arne Halling. (1997) Comparison of three indices in evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcome. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 55:1, pages 36-43.
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Elizabeth A Turbill, Stephen Richmond & Jean L Wright. (1996) A critical assessment of orthodontic standards in England and Wales (1990–1991) in relation to changes in prior approval. British Journal of Orthodontics 23:3, pages 221-228.
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Elizabeth A. Turbill, Stephen Richmond & Jean L. Wright. (1996) Assessment of General Dental Services Orthodontic Standards: the Dental Practice Board's Gradings Compared to PAR and IOTN. British Journal of Orthodontics 23:3, pages 211-220.
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O. D. Otuyemi & S. P. Jones. (1995) Long-term Evaluation of Treated Class II Division 1 Malocclusions Utilizing the PAR Index. British Journal of Orthodontics 22:2, pages 171-178.
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C. D. Stephens, Rosemary Carnaghan, N. Pender & Nigel Fox. (1994) PAR Index to assess the effectiveness of removable orthodontic appliance treatment. British Journal of Orthodontics 21:3, pages 313-314.
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. (1994) National self-abuse?. British Journal of Orthodontics 21:2, pages 199-199.
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Taewoo Kwon, Abdulrahman Alshehri, Ledjo Palo, Chia‐Ling Kuo, Jinjian Mu, Nyle Blanck, Ravindra Nanda, Sarah Abu Arqub & Flavio Uribe. (2022) Assessment of the occlusal outcomes in patients treated with orthognathic surgery and clear aligners. Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research 26:3, pages 371-377.
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Franziska A Coenen, Jenny R Bartz, Christian Niederau, Rogerio B Craveiro, Isabel Knaup & Michael Wolf. (2022) Orthodontic treatment quality evaluated by partially automated digital IOTN and PAR index determination: a retrospective multicentre study. European Journal of Orthodontics.
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Sarah Abu Arqub, Sina Banankhah, Ravish Sharma, Lucas Da Cunha Godoy, Chia-Ling Kuo, Maram Ahmed, Mariam Alfardan & Flavio Uribe. (2022) Association between initial complexity, frequency of refinements, treatment duration, and outcome in Invisalign orthodontic treatment. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 162:3, pages e141-e155.
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. (2019) Qualitätssicherung in der Kieferorthopädie. Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie 80:5, pages 279-288.
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James Ij Green. (2016) An Overview of the Peer Assessment Rating (Par) Index for Primary Dental Care Practitioners. Primary Dental Journal 5:4, pages 28-37.
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Orfan Chalabi, Charles Brian Preston, Thikriat S. Al-Jewair & Sawsan Tabbaa. (2015) A comparison of orthodontic treatment outcomes using the Objective Grading System (OGS) and the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index. Australasian Orthodontic Journal 31:2, pages 157-164.
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E. Joury, W. Marcenes & A. Johal. (2011) The role of psychosocial factors in predicting orthodontic treatment outcome at the end of 1 year of active treatment. The European Journal of Orthodontics 35:2, pages 205-215.
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Phil Banks. (2011) Long-term management of hospital orthodontic services. British Journal of Healthcare Management 17:7, pages 291-297.
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S. Ponduri, A. Pringle, H. Illing & P.A. Brennan. (2011) Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index outcomes for orthodontic and orthognathic surgery patients. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 49:3, pages 217-220.
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Rainer-Reginald Miethke & Claudia Wronski. (2009) What Can Be Achieved with Removable Orthodontic Appliances?Was können herausnehmbare kieferorthopädische Geräte leisten?. Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie 70:3, pages 185-199.
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Guilherme Janson, Fabrício Pinelli Valarelli, Rodrigo Hermont Cançado, Marcos Roberto de Freitas & Arnaldo Pinzan. (2009) Relationship between malocclusion severity and treatment success rate in Class II nonextraction therapy. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 135:3, pages 274.e1-274.e8.
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J. Deans, R. Playle, P. Durning & S. Richmond. (2008) An exploratory study of the cost-effectiveness of orthodontic care in seven European countries. The European Journal of Orthodontics 31:1, pages 90-94.
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Guilherme Janson, Marcos Janson, Alexandre Nakamura, Marcos Roberto de Freitas, José Fernando Castanha Henriques & Arnaldo Pinzan. (2008) Influence of cephalometric characteristics on the occlusal success rate of Class II malocclusions treated with 2- and 4-premolar extraction protocols. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 133:6, pages 861-868.
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Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas, Marcos Roberto de Freitas, Guilherme Janson, José Fernando Castanha Henriques & Arnaldo Pinzan. (2008) Avaliação pelo índice PAR dos resultados do tratamento ortodôntico da má oclusão de Classe I tratada com extrações. Revista Dental Press de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial 13:2, pages 94-104.
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Andrew Blance, Yu-Kang Tu, Vibeke Baelum & Mark S. Gilthorpe. (2007) Statistical issues on the analysis of change in follow-up studies in dental research. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 35:6, pages 412-420.
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Chukwudi Ochi Onyeaso & Ellen A. Begole. (2007) Relationship between index of complexity, outcome and need, dental aesthetic index, peer assessment rating index, and American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 131:2, pages 248-252.
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Yu-Kang Tu, Zararna L. Nelson-Moon & Mark S. Gilthorpe. (2006) Misuses of correlation and regression analyses in orthodontic research: The problem of mathematical coupling. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 130:1, pages 62-68.
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Chaitra Ramanathan. (2006) Evaluation of the Stability After Orthodontic Treatment Using PAR Index. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 49:4, pages 209-213.
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Chaitra Ramanathan. (2006) PAR Index in the Evaluation of the Stability of the Orthodontic Treatment Results. A Review. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 49:4, pages 203-207.
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Toru Deguchi, Tadashi Honjo, Tomohiro Fukunaga, Shouichi Miyawaki, W. Eugene Roberts & Teruko Takano-Yamamoto. (2005) Clinical assessment of orthodontic outcomes with the peer assessment rating, discrepancy index, objective grading system, and comprehensive clinical assessment. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 127:4, pages 434-443.
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Yuliya B. Pinskaya, Tsung-Ju Hsieh, W. Eugene Roberts & James K. HartsfieldJrJr. (2004) Comprehensive clinical evaluation as an outcome assessment for a graduate orthodontics program. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 126:5, pages 533-543.
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D Roberts-Harry & J Sandy. (2006) Orthodontics. Part 5: Appliance choices. British Dental Journal 196:1, pages 9-18.
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N A Fox, C Daniels & T Gilgrass. (2002) A comparison of the Index of Complexity Outcome and Need (ICON) with the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). British Dental Journal 193:4, pages 225-230.
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R A Linklater & N A Fox. (2002) The long-term benefits of orthodontic treatment. British Dental Journal 192:10, pages 583-587.
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W P Rock, K D O'Brien & C D Stephens. (2002) Orthodontic teaching practice and undergraduate knowledge in British dental schools. British Dental Journal 192:6, pages 347-351.
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. (2002) Letters. British Dental Journal 192:2, pages 62-64.
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S J Littlewood, A G Tait, N A Mandall & D H Lewis. (2001) The role of removable appliances in contemporary orthodontics. British Dental Journal 191:6, pages 304-310.
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E A Turbill, S Richmond & J L Wright. (1999) A closer look at General Dental Service orthodontics in England and Wales II: What determines appliance selection?. British Dental Journal 187:5, pages 271-274.
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E A Turbill, S Richmond & J L Wright. (1999) A closer look at General Dental Service orthodontics in England and Wales I: Factors influencing effectiveness. British Dental Journal 187:4, pages 211-216.
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