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Original Articles

Influence of Stocking Density on Tonic Immobility, Lameness, and Tibial Dyschondroplasia in Broilers

Pages 71-87 | Published online: 04 Jun 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (3)

Guro Vasdal, Judit Vas, Ruth C. Newberry & Randi Oppermann Moe. (2019) Effects of environmental enrichment on activity and lameness in commercial broiler production. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 22:2, pages 197-205.
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J.P. Garner, C. Falcone, P. Wakenell, M. Martin & J.A. Mench. (2002) Reliability and validity of a modified gait scoring system and its use in assessing tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers. British Poultry Science 43:3, pages 355-363.
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G.S. Sanotra, J. Damkjer Lund & K.S. Vestergaard. (2002) Influence of light-dark schedules and stocking density on behaviour, risk of leg problems and occurrence of chronic fear in broilers. British Poultry Science 43:3, pages 344-354.
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Articles from other publishers (31)

Midian N. Santos, Tina M. Widowski, Elijah G. Kiarie, Michele T. Guerin, A. Michelle Edwards & Stephanie Torrey. (2022) In pursuit of a better broiler: tibial morphology, breaking strength, and ash content in conventional and slower-growing strains of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 101:4, pages 101755.
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Simona Ninčáková, Vladimír Večerek, Lenka Válková, Eva Voslářová, Michal Kaluža & Veronika Zavřelová. (2022) Health status of slaughtered animals as indicated by postmortem inspection at slaughterhouses. Acta Veterinaria Brno 91:1, pages 99-106.
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Lei Xu, Ning Li, Yuhua Farnell, Xiaoli Wan, Haiming Yang, Xiangqian Zhong & Morgan Farnell. (2021) Effect of Feeding a High Calcium: Phosphorus Ratio, Phosphorous Deficient Diet on Hypophosphatemic Rickets Onset in Broilers. Agriculture 11:10, pages 955.
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Helen Louton. (2021) Exploring the association between slight gait defects and sex, body morphology and leg pathology in broilers. Veterinary Record 189:7, pages 284-285.
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Oyegunle Emmanuel Oke, Janet O. Akande, Ibukunoluwa D. Sodipo, Deji A. Ekunseitan, Samson A. Rahman, Olusiji F. Smith & Okanlawon M. Onagbesan. (2021) Evaluation of access to different legume pastures on performance and welfare of broiler chickens during dry season under tropical environment. Veterinary Medicine and Science 7:4, pages 1359-1368.
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Allyson F. Ipema, Eddie A. M. Bokkers, Walter J. J. Gerrits, Bas Kemp & J. Elizabeth Bolhuis. (2020) Long-term access to live black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) stimulates activity and reduces fearfulness of broilers, without affecting health. Scientific Reports 10:1.
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Su-Been Jeong, Yoo Bhin Kim, Jeong-Woo Lee, Da-Hye Kim, Byung-Hern Moon, Hong-Hee Chang, Yang-Ho Choi & Kyung-Woo Lee. (2020) Role of dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid in broiler chickens raised under high stocking density. Animal Nutrition 6:3, pages 293-304.
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Anissa Dudde, Steffen Weigend, E. Tobias Krause, Simon Jansen, Christin Habig & Lars Schrader. (2020) Chickens in motion: Effects of egg production level and pen size on the motor abilities and bone stability of laying hens (Gallus gallus forma domestica). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 227, pages 104998.
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Jianping Wang, Lingyun Qiu, Haojie Gong, Pietro Celi, Lei Yan, Xuemei Ding, Shiping Bai, Qiufeng Zeng, Xiangbing Mao, Shengyu Xu, Caimei Wu & Keying Zhang. (2020) Effect of dietary 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation and high stocking density on performance, egg quality, and tibia quality in laying hens. Poultry Science 99:5, pages 2608-2615.
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Xiu Mei Li, Min Hong Zhang, Si Miao Liu, Jing Hai Feng, Dan Dan Ma, Qing Xiu Liu, Ying Zhou, Xue Jie Wang & Shuang Xing. (2019) Effects of stocking density on growth performance, growth regulatory factors, and endocrine hormones in broilers under appropriate environments. Poultry Science 98:12, pages 6611-6617.
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Guro Vasdal, Erik Georg Granquist, Eystein Skjerve, Ingrid C de Jong, Charlotte Berg, Virginie Michel & Randi Oppermann Moe. (2019) Associations between carcass weight uniformity and production measures on farm and at slaughter in commercial broiler flocks. Poultry Science 98:10, pages 4261-4268.
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Helen Louton, Shana Bergmann, Sven Reese, Michael Erhard, Josef Bachmeier, Beatrice Rösler & Elke Rauch. (2018) Animal- and management-based welfare indicators for a conventional broiler strain in 2 barn types (Louisiana barn and closed barn). Poultry Science 97:8, pages 2754-2767.
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W.I. Muir & P.J. Groves. (2018) Incubation and hatch management: consequences for bone mineralization in Cobb 500 meat chickens. Animal 12:4, pages 794-801.
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Luyao Yin, Haiming Yang, Lei Xu, Jun Zhang, Hao Xing & Zhiyue Wang. (2017) Feather performance, walking ability, and behavioral changes of geese in response to different stocking densities. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 196, pages 108-112.
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K.E. Kittelsen, B. David, R.O. Moe, H.D. Poulsen, J.F. Young & E.G. Granquist. (2017) Associations among gait score, production data, abattoir registrations, and postmortem tibia measurements in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 96:5, pages 1033-1040.
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E. Kaukonen, M. Norring & A. Valros. (2017) Perches and elevated platforms in commercial broiler farms: use and effect on walking ability, incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia and bone mineral content. Animal 11:5, pages 864-871.
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JNT Arruda, AS Mendes, ECBP Guirro, M Schneider, RR Sikorski, L Sausen, ER Dias & DV Bonamigo. (2016) Live Performance, Carcass Yield, and Welfare of Broilers of Different Genetic Strains Reared at Different Housing Densities. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 18:1, pages 141-152.
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M. Toghyani, S. Heidari & A. Emadinia. (2016) Effect of Stocking Density and Dietary Sulfur Amino Acids on Welfare Indices of Broiler Chicks. Journal of Advanced Agricultural Technologies 3:2, pages 124-127.
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H. Khosravinia. (2015) Effect of dietary supplementation of medium-chain fatty acids on growth performance and prevalence of carcass defects in broiler chickens raised in different stocking densities. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 24:1, pages 1-9.
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Zi-guang Zhao, Jian-hong Li, Xiang Li & Jun Bao. (2014) Effects of Housing Systems on Behaviour, Performance and Welfare of Fast-growing Broilers. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 27:1, pages 140-146.
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J.P. Zhao, H.C. Jiao, Y.B. Jiang, Z.G. Song, X.J. Wang & H. Lin. (2013) Cool perches improve the growth performance and welfare status of broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities and high temperatures. Poultry Science 92:8, pages 1962-1971.
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A Villagrá, JL Ruiz de la Torre, G Chacón, M Lainez, A Torres & X Manteca. (2023) Stocking density and stress induction affect production and stress parameters in broiler chickens. Animal Welfare 18:2, pages 189-197.
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Michael C. Morris. (2008) The Ethics and Politics of Animal Welfare in New Zealand: Broiler Chicken Production as a Case Study. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 22:1, pages 15-30.
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E. Van Poucke, A. Van Nuffel, S. Van Dongen, B. Sonck, L. Lens & F.A.M. Tuyttens. (2007) Experimental Stress Does Not Increase Fluctuating Asymmetry of Broiler Chickens at Slaughter Age. Poultry Science 86:10, pages 2110-2116.
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N.C. Rath, L. Kannan, P.B. Pillai, W.E. Huff, G.R. Huff, R.L. Horst & J.L. Emmert. (2007) Evaluation of the efficacy of vitamin D3 or its metabolites on thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens. Research in Veterinary Science 83:2, pages 244-250.
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I. Estevez. (2007) Density Allowances for Broilers: Where to Set the Limits?. Poultry Science 86:6, pages 1265-1272.
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Inma Estevez, Inger-Lise Andersen & Eric Nævdal. (2007) Group size, density and social dynamics in farm animals. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 103:3-4, pages 185-204.
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J.L. Campo, M.G. Gil, S.G. Dávila & I. Muñoz. (2005) Influence of perches and footpad dermatitis on tonic immobility and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio of chickens. Poultry Science 84:7, pages 1004-1009.
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N.C. Rath, W.E. Huff, J.M. Balog & G.R. Huff. (2004) Comparative efficacy of different dithiocarbamates to induce tibial dyschondroplasia in poultry. Poultry Science 83:2, pages 266-274.
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C Berg & G S Sanotra. (2023) Can a Modified Latency-to-Lie Test be Used to Validate Gait-Scoring Results in Commercial Broiler Flocks?. Animal Welfare 12:4, pages 655-659.
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R.A. Heckert, I. Estevez, E. Russek-Cohen & R. Pettit-Riley. (2002) Effects of density and perch availability on the immune status of broilers. Poultry Science 81:4, pages 451-457.
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