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Original Articles

The Measurement of Executive Function in Early Childhood

Pages 561-571 | Published online: 08 Jun 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (32)

Erin Hunt, Abigail Hogan, Elizabeth A. Will & Jane E. Roberts. (2023) ADHD and ASD symptoms in young males with fragile X syndrome: associations with early trajectories of inhibitory control. Child Neuropsychology 29:5, pages 760-786.
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Marilyn Fleer, Sue Walker, Antoinette White, Nikolai Veresov & Iris Duhn. (2022) Playworlds as an evidenced-based model of practice for the intentional teaching of executive functions. Early Years 42:4-5, pages 572-586.
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Paulo A. Graziano, Taylor Landis, Andre Maharaj, Rosmary Ros-Demarize, Katie C. Hart & Alexis Garcia. (2022) Differentiating Preschool Children with Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Behaviors through Emotion Regulation and Executive Functioning. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 51:2, pages 170-182.
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Ibrahim H. Acar, Julia C. Torquati, Helen Raikes & Kathleen Moritz Rudasill. (2021) Pathways to Low-Income Children’s Self-Regulation: Child Temperament and the Qualities of Teacher–Child Relationships. Early Education and Development 32:8, pages 1103-1121.
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Kelly K. Halverson, Jaye L. Derrick, Luis D. Medina & Paul T. Cirino. (2021) Executive Functioning with the NIH EXAMINER and Inference Making in Struggling Readers. Developmental Neuropsychology 46:3, pages 213-231.
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Erin R. Baker, Rong Huang, Qingyang Liu & Carmela Battista. (2021) Children’s Poverty Exposure and Hot and Cool Executive Functions: Differential Impacts of Parental Financial Strain. Journal of Cognition and Development 22:1, pages 1-21.
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Brian M. Stran, Brad Chapin, Eileen E. Joy, Brooke Stover & Alexandrea D. Maffei. (2020) Integrating a Self-Regulation Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention in the Classroom. Journal of Applied School Psychology 36:3, pages 261-274.
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Amy E. Treat, Amanda Sheffield Morris, Amy C. Williamson, Jennifer Hays-Grudo & Debbie Laurin. (2019) Adverse childhood experiences, parenting, and child executive function. Early Child Development and Care 189:6, pages 926-937.
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David E. Ferrier, Samantha P. Karalus, Susanne A. Denham & Hideko H. Bassett. (2018) Indirect effects of cognitive self-regulation on the relation between emotion knowledge and emotionality. Early Child Development and Care 188:7, pages 966-979.
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Melissa Orkin, Sidney May & Maryanne Wolf. (2017) How Parental Support During Homework Contributes to Helpless Behaviors Among Struggling Readers. Reading Psychology 38:5, pages 506-541.
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Lee A. Annotti & Hedwig Teglasi. (2017) Functioning in the Real World: Using Storytelling to Improve Validity in the Assessment of Executive Functions. Journal of Personality Assessment 99:3, pages 254-264.
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Allyson M. Schumacher, Alison L. Miller, Sarah E. Watamura, Salome Kurth, Jonathan M. Lassonde & Monique K. LeBourgeois. (2017) Sleep Moderates the Association Between Response Inhibition and Self-Regulation in Early Childhood. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 46:2, pages 222-235.
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Angela Blums, Jay Belsky, Kevin Grimm & Zhe Chen. (2017) Building Links Between Early Socioeconomic Status, Cognitive Ability, and Math and Science Achievement. Journal of Cognition and Development 18:1, pages 16-40.
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Viktor Granvald & Carin Marciszko. (2016) Relations between key executive functions and aggression in childhood. Child Neuropsychology 22:5, pages 537-555.
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Nancy M. Garon, Claire Piccinin & Isabel M. Smith. (2016) Does the BRIEF-P Predict Specific Executive Function Components in Preschoolers?. Applied Neuropsychology: Child 5:2, pages 110-118.
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Natalie L. Bohlmann & Jason T. Downer. (2016) Self-Regulation and Task Engagement as Predictors of Emergent Language and Literacy Skills. Early Education and Development 27:1, pages 18-37.
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Anita J. Fuglestad, Marisa L. Whitley, Stephanie M. Carlson, Christopher J. Boys, Judith K. Eckerle, Birgit A. Fink & Jeffrey R. Wozniak. (2015) Executive functioning deficits in preschool children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Child Neuropsychology 21:6, pages 716-731.
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Hillary H. Bush, Abbey Eisenhower, Margaret Briggs-Gowan & Alice S. Carter. (2015) Feasibility and validity of the structured attention module among economically disadvantaged preschool-age children. Child Neuropsychology 21:2, pages 167-190.
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Nancy Garon, Isabel M. Smith & Susan E. Bryson. (2014) A novel executive function battery for preschoolers: Sensitivity to age differences. Child Neuropsychology 20:6, pages 713-736.
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Sara A. Schmitt, Megan E. Pratt & Megan M. McClelland. (2014) Examining the Validity of Behavioral Self-Regulation Tools in Predicting Preschoolers' Academic Achievement. Early Education and Development 25:5, pages 641-660.
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Nathaniel Kendall-Taylor, Michael Erard & Abigail Haydon. (2013) The Use of Metaphor as a Science Communication Tool: Air Traffic Control for Your Brain. Journal of Applied Communication Research 41:4, pages 412-433.
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StephanieM. Jones, KristenL. Bub & C. Cybele Raver. (2013) Unpacking the Black Box of the Chicago School Readiness Project Intervention: The Mediating Roles of Teacher–Child Relationship Quality and Self-Regulation. Early Education and Development 24:7, pages 1043-1064.
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Megan M. McClelland & Shannon B. Wanless. (2012) Growing Up With Assets and Risks: The Importance of Self-Regulation for Academic Achievement. Research in Human Development 9:4, pages 278-297.
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Kimberly Cuevas, Morgan Hubble & Martha Ann Bell. (2012) Early Childhood Predictors of Post-Kindergarten Executive Function: Behavior, Parent Report, and Psychophysiology. Early Education and Development 23:1, pages 59-73.
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ShannonB. Wanless, MeganM. McClelland, AlanC. Acock, Fu-Mei Chen & Jo-Lin Chen. (2011) Behavioral Regulation and Early Academic Achievement in Taiwan. Early Education and Development 22:1, pages 1-28.
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Lisa A. Daunhauer & Deborah J. Fidler. (2011) The Down Syndrome Behavioral Phenotype: Implications for Practice and Research in Occupational Therapy. Occupational Therapy In Health Care 25:1, pages 7-25.
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Virginia C. Mueller Gathercole, Enlli Môn Thomas, Leah Jones, Nestor Viñas Guasch, Nia Young & Emma K. Hughes. (2010) Cognitive effects of bilingualism: digging deeper for the contributions of language dominance, linguistic knowledge, socio-economic status and cognitive abilities. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 13:5, pages 617-664.
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ThomasC. Lorsbach & JasonF. Reimer. (2010) Developmental Differences in Cognitive Control: Goal Representation and Maintenance During a Continuous Performance Task. Journal of Cognition and Development 11:2, pages 185-216.
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LeahE. Altemeier, RobertD. Abbott & VirginiaW. Berninger. (2008) Executive functions for reading and writing in typical literacy development and dyslexia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 30:5, pages 588-606.
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CatherineL. Davis, PhillipD. Tomporowski, ColleenA. Boyle, JenniferL. Waller, PatriciaH. Miller, JackA. Naglieri & Mathew Gregoski. (2007) Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Overweight Children's Cognitive Functioning. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 78:5, pages 510-519.
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Articles from other publishers (138)

Valeria Escobar-Ruiz, Pedro I. Arias-Vázquez, Carlos A. Tovilla-Zárate, Eduardo Doval & Maria C. Jané-Ballabriga. (2023) Advances and Challenges in the Assessment of Executive Functions in Under 36 Months: a Scoping Review. Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
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Brenden Tervo-Clemmens, Finnegan J. Calabro, Ashley C. Parr, Jennifer Fedor, William Foran & Beatriz Luna. (2023) A canonical trajectory of executive function maturation from adolescence to adulthood. Nature Communications 14:1.
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Xiaoning Zhang, Qiong Zhou, Nathaniel Kossi Vivor, Wei Liu, Junli Cao & Sheng Wang. (2023) Sequential mediation of early temperament and eating behaviors in the pathways from feeding practices to childhood overweight and obesity. Frontiers in Public Health 11.
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Miranda E. Pinks, Kaylyn Van Deusen, Mark A. Prince, Anna J. Esbensen, Angela John Thurman, Lina R. Patel, Leonard Abbeduto, Madison M. Walsh, Lisa A. Daunhauer, Robyn Tempero Feigles, Vivian Nguyen & Deborah J. Fidler. (2023) Psychometric evaluation of a working memory assessment measure in young children with Down syndrome. Research in Developmental Disabilities 139, pages 104564.
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Frederic Sonnier, Emeline Lussiana & Sabine Gueraud. (2023) Boosting inhibition control process by knitting at school. Frontiers in Psychology 14.
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Mariel F. Musso, Sebastián Moyano, Josué Rico-Picó, Ángela Conejero, M. Ángeles Ballesteros-Duperón, Eduardo C. Cascallar & M. Rosario Rueda. (2023) Predicting Effortful Control at 3 Years of Age from Measures of Attention and Home Environment in Infancy: A Machine Learning Approach. Children 10:6, pages 982.
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Samantha Moss, Xiaoxia Zhang, Priscila Tamplain & Xiangli Gu. (2023) Overweight/obesity and socio-demographic disparities in children’s motor and cognitive function. Frontiers in Psychology 14.
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Jiayi Hao, Yazhi Pang, Yong Liu, Yuanluo Jing, Jianbo Li, Ruochuan Mi & Maoping Zheng. (2023) The Relationship between Formal Music Training and Conflict Control: An ERP Study. Brain Sciences 13:5, pages 723.
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Astrid Van den Brande, Bieke Bollen, Bart Boets, Gunnar Naulaers & Els Ortibus. (2023) Executive Function Assessment in 2-Year-Olds Born Preterm. Neuropediatrics.
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Gleysse G. M. de Paula, Jacqueline de Oliveira Moreira & Antônio José Santos. (2023) Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), executive function and attachment. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental 26.
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Aaron T. Buss. 2023. Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Health. Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Health 4 10 .
Halina Pawłowska-Jaroń & Zdzisława Orłowska-Popek. (2022) Rozwój języka dzieci z FASD warunkowany poziomem funkcji poznawczych. Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza 29:2, pages 259-275.
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Jennifer A. Bugos, Darlene DeMarie, Christina Stokes & Lindsay P. Power. (2022) Multimodal music training enhances executive functions in children: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1516:1, pages 95-105.
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Cristina Silva, Valéria Sousa‐Gomes, Marisalva Fávero, Susana Oliveira‐Lopes, Cristiana S. Merendeiro, Jorge Oliveira & Diana Moreira. (2022) Assessment of preschool‐age executive functions: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 29:4, pages 1374-1391.
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Jinhee Kim, Jiyoung Lim, Yoonjeong Lee & Yujeong Kwon. (2022) The Serial Dual Mediating Effects of Maternal Positive Parenting and Preschooler’s Executive Functions on the Relationship between Preschooler’s Docile Temperament and Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Families and Better Life 40:2, pages 1-15.
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Kara Lowery, Bhoomika Nikam & Aaron T. Buss. (2022) Dimensional label learning contributes to the development of executive functions. Scientific Reports 12:1.
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Mieke Johannsen & Nina Krüger. (2022) Investigating the Relation of Intelligence and Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents with and without Intellectual Disabilities. Children 9:6, pages 818.
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Nuria Camuñas, Irini Mavrou, María Vaíllo & Raquel Martínez Martínez. (2022) An executive function training programme to promote behavioural and emotional control of children and adolescents in foster care in Spain. Trends in Neuroscience and Education 27, pages 100175.
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Simon Adjei Tachie & Johnson Motingoe Ramathe. (2022) Metacognition Application: The Use of Chess as a Strategy to Improve the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics. Education Research International 2022, pages 1-13.
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Julie GettmanWendi L. Johnson & Denise E. Maricle. 2022. Best Practices in School Neuropsychology. Best Practices in School Neuropsychology 561 587 .
Esperanza Bausela-Herreras. 2022. Handbook of Research on Neurocognitive Development of Executive Functions and Implications for Intervention. Handbook of Research on Neurocognitive Development of Executive Functions and Implications for Intervention 1 22 .
Clancy Blair & Seulki Ku. (2022) A Hierarchical Integrated Model of Self-Regulation. Frontiers in Psychology 13.
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M. Spaniol & H. Danielsson. (2021) A meta‐analysis of the executive function components inhibition, shifting, and attention in intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 66:1-2, pages 9-31.
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Chika Remigious Ezeugwu, Awele Achi & Chikaodi Francisca Ezeugwu. 2022. Marketing Communications and Brand Development in Emerging Economies Volume I. Marketing Communications and Brand Development in Emerging Economies Volume I 209 228 .
Jinsong Zhang, Wei Li, Huifeng Zhang, Amanda Wilson, Lan Shuai, Weiping Xia, Zhouye Wang, Meihui Qiu & Yuanyuan Wang. (2021) Callous-unemotional traits in Chinese preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 15:1.
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Steven J. Howard, Elena Vasseleu, Cathrine Neilsen-Hewett, Marc de Rosnay, Amy Y. C. Chan, Stuart Johnstone, Myrto Mavilidi, Fred Paas & Edward C. Melhuish. (2021) Executive Function and Self-Regulation: Bi-Directional Longitudinal Associations and Prediction of Early Academic Skills. Frontiers in Psychology 12.
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Manpreet K. Singh, Rebecca Hu & David J. Miklowitz. (2021) Preventing Irritability and Temper Outbursts in Youth by Building Resilience. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 30:3, pages 595-610.
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Matthew Bluett-Duncan, M. Thomas Kishore, Divya M. Patil, Veena A. Satyanarayana & Helen Sharp. (2021) A systematic review of the association between perinatal depression and cognitive development in infancy in low and middle-income countries. PLOS ONE 16:6, pages e0253790.
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Madeline N. Rockhold, Alyssa M. Krueger, Erik de Water, Christopher W. Lindgren, Kristin E. Sandness, Judith K. Eckerle, Mariah J. Schumacher, Birgit A. Fink, Christopher J. Boys, Stephanie M. Carlson, Anita J. Fuglestad, Sarah N. Mattson, Kenneth L. Jones, Edward P. Riley & Jeffrey R. Wozniak. (2021) Executive and Social Functioning Across Development in Children and Adolescents With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 45:2, pages 457-469.
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Madison C. Chandler, Hope K. Gerde, Ryan P. Bowles, Kyla Z. McRoy, Matthew B. Pontifex & Gary E. Bingham. (2021) Self-regulation moderates the relationship between fine motor skills and writing in early childhood. Early Childhood Research Quarterly 57, pages 239-250.
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Andrea Astle-Rahim & Deepthi Kamawar. (2020) Conveying symbolic relations: Children’s ability to evaluate and create informative legends. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 200, pages 104968.
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Debora S. Valcan, Helen L. Davis, Deborah Pino-Pasternak & Anabela A. Malpique. (2020) Executive functioning as a predictor of children’s mathematics, reading and writing. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 70, pages 101196.
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Noemí Grinspun, Luc Nijs, Leonie Kausel, Kelsey Onderdijk, Nicolás Sepúlveda & Antonio Rivera-Hutinel. (2020) Selective Attention and Inhibitory Control of Attention Are Correlated With Music Audiation. Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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Aaron T. Buss & Anastasia Kerr-German. (2019) Dimensional attention as a mechanism of executive function: Integrating flexibility, selectivity, and stability. Cognition 192, pages 104003.
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Arthur J. Reynolds & Allyson J. Candee. (2019) Dimensionality and Predictive validity of the Classroom Learning Activities Checklist in Prekindergarten. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability 31:4, pages 381-407.
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Cynthia A. Stifter & Kameron J. Moding. (2019) Temperament in obesity-related research: Concepts, challenges, and considerations for future research. Appetite 141, pages 104308.
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Joanna Lucenet & Agnès Blaye. (2019) What do I do next? The influence of two self-cueing strategies on children’s engagement of proactive control. Cognitive Development 50, pages 167-176.
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Nora Lessing, Cathleen Kappes, Werner Greve & Claudia Mähler. (2019) Developmental conditions of accommodative coping in childhood: The role of executive functions. Cognitive Development 50, pages 56-65.
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Rebecca Bailey & Stephanie M. Jones. (2019) An Integrated Model of Regulation for Applied Settings. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 22:1, pages 2-23.
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Dana Charles McCoy. (2019) Measuring Young Children’s Executive Function and Self-Regulation in Classrooms and Other Real-World Settings. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 22:1, pages 63-74.
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Melodie Wenz-Gross, Yeonsoo Yoo, Carole C. Upshur & Anthony J. Gambino. (2018) Pathways to Kindergarten Readiness: The Roles of Second Step Early Learning Curriculum and Social Emotional, Executive Functioning, Preschool Academic and Task Behavior Skills. Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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Stephen R. Hooper, Deborah Hatton, John Sideris, Kelly Sullivan, Peter A. Ornstein & Donald B. BaileyJr.Jr.. (2018) Developmental trajectories of executive functions in young males with fragile X syndrome. Research in Developmental Disabilities 81, pages 73-88.
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Reese Butterfuss & Panayiota Kendeou. (2017) The Role of Executive Functions in Reading Comprehension. Educational Psychology Review 30:3, pages 801-826.
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Greg Roberts, Nancy Scammacca & Garrett J. Roberts. (2018) Causal Mediation in Educational Intervention Studies. Behavioral Disorders 43:4, pages 457-465.
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Yong Seon Moon & Kim Eun Young. (2018) Effectiveness of Performance-Basic Executive Function Group Program for Preschool Children With Cerebral Palsy. Journal of Korean Society of Occupational Therapy 26:2, pages 17-31.
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Brittany Huber, Megan Yeates, Denny Meyer, Lorraine Fleckhammer & Jordy Kaufman. (2018) The effects of screen media content on young children’s executive functioning. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 170, pages 72-85.
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Alexis M. Garcia, Rosmary Ros, Katie C. Hart & Paulo A. Graziano. (2018) Comparing working memory in bilingual and monolingual Hispanic/Latino preschoolers with disruptive behavior disorders. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 166, pages 535-548.
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Ceymi Doenyas, H. Melis Yavuz & Bilge Selcuk. (2018) Not just a sum of its parts: How tasks of the theory of mind scale relate to executive function across time. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 166, pages 485-501.
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Puanani J. Hee, Yiyuan Xu & Alexander Krieg. (2018) Validation of the Head–Toes–Knees–Shoulders task in Native Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian children. Early Childhood Research Quarterly 44, pages 192-205.
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Robert J. Duncan, Sara A. Schmitt, Maura Burke & Megan M. McClelland. (2018) Combining a kindergarten readiness summer program with a self-regulation intervention improves school readiness. Early Childhood Research Quarterly 42, pages 291-300.
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Elizabeth A. Walker, Sophie E. Ambrose, Jacob Oleson & Mary Pat Moeller. (2017) False Belief Development in Children Who Are Hard of Hearing Compared With Peers With Normal Hearing. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60:12, pages 3487-3506.
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Debra J. Ackerman & Allison H. Friedman-Krauss. (2017) Preschoolers' Executive Function: Importance, Contributors, Research Needs and Assessment Options. ETS Research Report Series 2017:1, pages 1-24.
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Pauline Louise Slot, Hanna Mulder, Josje Verhagen & Paul P.M. Leseman. (2017) Preschoolers' cognitive and emotional self-regulation in pretend play: Relations with executive functions and quality of play. Infant and Child Development 26:6, pages e2038.
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Vanessa Huyder, Elizabeth S. Nilsen & Sarah A. Bacso. (2017) The relationship between children's executive functioning, theory of mind, and verbal skills with their own and others' behaviour in a cooperative context: Changes in relations from early to middle school-age. Infant and Child Development 26:6, pages e2027.
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S. J. Loveall, F. A. Conners, A. S. Tungate, L. J. Hahn & T. D. Osso. (2017) A cross-sectional analysis of executive function in Down syndrome from 2 to 35 years. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 61:9, pages 877-887.
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A. J. Fuglestad, E. W. Demerath, M. C. Finsaas, C. J. Moore, M. K. Georgieff & S. M. Carlson. (2017) Maternal executive function, infant feeding responsiveness and infant growth during the first 3 months. Pediatric Obesity 12, pages 102-110.
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Steven J. Howard & Edward Melhuish. (2016) An Early Years Toolbox for Assessing Early Executive Function, Language, Self-Regulation, and Social Development: Validity, Reliability, and Preliminary Norms. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 35:3, pages 255-275.
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Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus, Mark Tomlinson, Aaron Scheffler, Danielle M. Harris & Sandahl Nelson. (2016) Adjustment of a Population of South African Children of Mothers Living With/and Without HIV Through Three Years Post-Birth. AIDS and Behavior 21:6, pages 1601-1610.
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Margarita Kaushanskaya, Ji Sook Park, Ishanti Gangopadhyay, Meghan M. Davidson & Susan Ellis Weismer. (2017) The Relationship Between Executive Functions and Language Abilities in Children: A Latent Variables Approach. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60:4, pages 912-923.
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Robert J. Duncan, Megan M. McClelland & Alan C. Acock. (2017) Relations between executive function, behavioral regulation, and achievement: Moderation by family income. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 49, pages 21-30.
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Luciane da Rosa Piccolo, Adriane Xavier Arteche, Rochele Paz Fonseca, Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira & Jerusa Fumagalli Salles. (2016) Influence of family socioeconomic status on IQ, language, memory and executive functions of Brazilian children. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica 29:1.
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Zhenlin Wang, Rory T. Devine, Keri K. Wong & Claire Hughes. (2016) Theory of mind and executive function during middle childhood across cultures. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 149, pages 6-22.
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Paolo Stievano, Silvia Michetti, Shawn M. McClintock, Gabriel Levi & Teresa Gloria Scalisi. (2016) Handwriting fluency and visuospatial generativity at primary school. Reading and Writing 29:7, pages 1497-1510.
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Mojdeh Motamedi, Karen Bierman & Cynthia L. Huang-Pollock. (2016) Rejection Reactivity, Executive Function Skills, and Social Adjustment Problems of Inattentive and Hyperactive Kindergarteners. Social Development 25:2, pages 322-339.
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Steven J. Howard & Anthony D. Okely. (2014) Catching Fish and Avoiding Sharks. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 33:6, pages 585-596.
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Jane E. Barker & Yuko Munakata. (2015) Developing Self-Directed Executive Functioning: Recent Findings and Future Directions. Mind, Brain, and Education 9:2, pages 92-99.
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AliceAnn Crandall, Kirby Deater-Deckard & Anne W. Riley. (2015) Maternal emotion and cognitive control capacities and parenting: A conceptual framework. Developmental Review 36, pages 105-126.
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Müge Yukay Yüksel & Aslı Sazcı. (2015) An Examination of the Relationship between 9–12-Month-old Children's Executive Functions and Social Skills. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 174, pages 2012-2020.
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Darcey M. Allan, Nicholas P. Allan, Matthew D. Lerner, Amber L. Farrington & Christopher J. Lonigan. (2015) Identifying unique components of preschool children's self-regulatory skills using executive function tasks and continuous performance tests. Early Childhood Research Quarterly 32, pages 40-50.
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Jean Lowe, Sarah J. Erickson, Peggy MacLean, Susanne W. Duvall, Robin K. Ohls & Andrea F. Duncan. (2014) Associations between maternal scaffolding and executive functioning in 3 and 4year olds born very low birth weight and normal birth weight. Early Human Development 90:10, pages 587-593.
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Patricia M. Blasco, Sage Saxton & Mary Gerrie. (2013) The Little Brain That Could. Young Exceptional Children 17:3, pages 3-18.
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Jennifer Zuk, Christopher Benjamin, Arnold Kenyon & Nadine Gaab. (2014) Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Executive Functioning in Musicians and Non-Musicians. PLoS ONE 9:6, pages e99868.
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David E. Ferrier, Hideko H. Bassett & Susanne A. Denham. (2014) Relations between executive function and emotionality in preschoolers: Exploring a transitive cognition–emotion linkage. Frontiers in Psychology 5.
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William T. Utendale, Jacob Nuselovici, Arnaud B. Saint-Pierre, Michele Hubert, Caroline Chochol & Paul D. Hastings. (2014) Associations between inhibitory control, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and externalizing problems in early childhood. Developmental Psychobiology 56:4, pages 686-699.
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Bénédicte Blain-Brière, Caroline Bouchard & Nathalie Bigras. (2014) The role of executive functions in the pragmatic skills of children age 4–5. Frontiers in Psychology 5.
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Kimberly Cuevas, Kirby Deater-Deckard, Jungmeen Kim-Spoon, Amanda J. Watson, Katherine C. Morasch & Martha Ann Bell. (2014) What's mom got to do with it? Contributions of maternal executive function and caregiving to the development of executive function across early childhood. Developmental Science 17:2, pages 224-238.
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Kimberly Cuevas & Martha Ann Bell. (2014) Infant Attention and Early Childhood Executive Function. Child Development 85:2, pages 397-404.
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Kimberly Cuevas, Kirby Deater-Deckard, Jungmeen Kim-Spoon, Zhe Wang, Katherine C. Morasch & Martha Ann Bell. (2014) A longitudinal intergenerational analysis of executive functions during early childhood. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 32:1, pages 50-64.
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Brenna Hassinger-Das, Nancy C. Jordan, Joseph Glutting, Casey Irwin & Nancy Dyson. (2014) Domain-general mediators of the relation between kindergarten number sense and first-grade mathematics achievement. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 118, pages 78-92.
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