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Original Articles

The Separation-Individuation Test of Adolescence

Pages 123-139 | Published online: 10 Jun 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (21)

Burçin Özlem Ateş, Muhammed Tayyib Kadak, Emel Derya Hoda, Türkay Demir & Burak Doğangün. (2021) Separation Individuation and Transitional Object Use in Daily Smoker Adolescents. Substance Use & Misuse 56:14, pages 2252-2258.
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Suzanne Bartle-Haring, Sarah Worch & Alexandra VanBergen. (2020) Differentiation: Moderator or mediator for change in satisfaction in the early sessions of couple therapy. Psychotherapy Research 30:3, pages 387-401.
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Tina Kavčič & Maja Zupančič. (2019) Types of separation-individuation in relation to mothers and fathers among young people entering adulthood. Journal of Youth Studies 22:1, pages 66-86.
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Clara Valls-Vidal, Anna Garriga Alsina, Carles Pérez-Testor, Juan Guàrdia-Olmos & Raffaella Iafrate. (2016) Young Adults’ Individuation with Mother and Father as a Function of Dysfunctional Family Patterns, Gender and Parental Divorce. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 57:4, pages 245-265.
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Andrea Book & Ety Berant. (2014) The contribution of difficulties in separation–individuation and emotional regulation to obesity among adolescent girls. Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy 5:1, pages 28-44.
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Marie Delhaye, Chantal Kempenaers, Paul Linkowski, Rob Stroobants & Luc Goossens. (2012) Perceived Parenting and Separation-Individuation in Belgian College Students: Associations with Emotional Adjustment. The Journal of Psychology 146:4, pages 353-370.
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Luísa Marinho Saraiva & Paula Mena Matos. (2012) Separation-individuation of Portuguese emerging adults in relation to parents and to the romantic partner. Journal of Youth Studies 15:4, pages 499-517.
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Marie Delhaye, Chantal Kempenaers, Julie Burton, Paul Linkowski, Rob Stroobants & Luc Goossens. (2012) Attachment, Parenting, and Separation–Individuation in Adolescence: A Comparison of Hospitalized Adolescents, Institutionalized Delinquents, and Controls. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 173:2, pages 119-141.
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Clara Valls-Vidal, Carles Pérez-Testor, Joan Guardia-Olmos & Raffaella Iafrate. (2010) Assessment of the Familial Relationships of Young Adult Children of Separated Parents. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 51:8, pages 491-507.
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JenniferN. Engler & ConstanceM. Wiemann. (2010) Separation-individuation and identity development in at-risk youth. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies 5:3, pages 274-283.
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Beate Schwarz & Sabine Walper. (2009) Adolescents' individuation, romantic involvement, and mothers' wellbeing: A comparison of three family structures. European Journal of Developmental Psychology 6:4, pages 499-520.
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Chris Tanti, ArthurA. Stukas, MichaelJ. Halloran & Margaret Foddy. (2008) Tripartite Self-concept Change: Shifts in the Individual, Relational, and Collective Self in Adolescence. Self and Identity 7:4, pages 360-379.
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MichelleB. Stein, JanetH. Pinsker-aspen & MarkJ. Hilsenroth. (2007) Borderline Pathology and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI): An Evaluation of Criterion and Concurrent Validity. Journal of Personality Assessment 88:1, pages 81-89.
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Melita Puklek Levpušček. (2006) Adolescent individuation in relation to parents and friends: Age and gender differences. European Journal of Developmental Psychology 3:3, pages 238-264.
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Jane Kroger. (2005) Critique of a Postmodernist Critique. Identity 5:2, pages 195-204.
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Enrico Gnaulati & BarbJ. Heine. (2001) Separation-Individuation in Late Adolescence: An Investigation of Gender and Ethnic Differences. The Journal of Psychology 135:1, pages 59-70.
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George Buelow, Mark McClain & Irene McIntosh. (1996) A New Measure for an Important Construct: The Attachment and Object Relations Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment 66:3, pages 604-623.
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KathyE. Green. (1996) Dimensional analyses of complex data. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 3:1, pages 50-61.
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Grayson N. Holmbeck & Glenn McClanahan. (1994) Construct and Content Validity of the Separation-Individuation Test of Adolescence: A Reply to Levine. Journal of Personality Assessment 62:1, pages 169-172.
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Articles from other publishers (88)

Miri Tal-Saban & Shahar Zaguri-Vittenberg. (2023) I Am What I Can Do: Self-Identity Among Adolescents with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Current Developmental Disorders Reports.
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Maja Zupančič, Ulrike Sirsch, Žan Lep & Tina Kavčič. (2022) Four Types of Individuation: Further Evidence From Two Central-European Countries. Emerging Adulthood 11:2, pages 512-519.
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Juan Shi, Fengyan Wang, Kaili Zhang & Zhendong Wang. (2021) Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the filial maturity measure (C-FMM). Current Psychology 42:6, pages 4586-4600.
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Engin EKER & Burak AKDENİZ. (2022) Examination of Separation-Individuation Characteristics on the Relationship between Fanaticism and Agression in Young Adults. OPUS Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi 19:48, pages 603-616.
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Ina Bovenschen, Julia Reim, Eva-Verena Wendt & Sabine Walper. 2022. Handbuch Kindheits- und Jugendforschung. Handbuch Kindheits- und Jugendforschung 55 87 .
Alexandra M. VanBergen, Suzanne Bartle-Haring, Codina Kawar & Patrick Bortz. (2021) Trauma and Relationship Satisfaction in Treatment Seeking Couples: A Dyadic Investigation of Differentiation as a Mediator. Contemporary Family Therapy 43:2, pages 140-153.
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Ezgi Sen Demirdogen, Pinar Algedik, Muhammed Tayyip Kadak, Mujgan Alikasifoglu, Asli Okbay Gunes & Turkay Demir. (2020) The association between separation individuation process and binge eating disorder in adolescents aged 12–18. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 26:4, pages 1089-1096.
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Koen Sevenants. (2021) Suicide in the Context of Adolescent Development: What Humanitarian Actors Can Do. Intervention 19:2, pages 266.
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Ina Bovenschen, Julia Reim, Eva-Verena Wendt & Sabine Walper. 2020. Handbuch Kindheits- und Jugendforschung. Handbuch Kindheits- und Jugendforschung 1 33 .
Matthew J. Dykas & Demi G. Siskind. (2018) Turning From Parents: Psychological Distancing and Attachment-Related Changes in Regret for Immediate Contact in Emerging Adulthood. Emerging Adulthood 8:3, pages 195-208.
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Shiyuan Xiang, Yan Liu, Yitian Lu, Lu Bai & Shenghan Xu. (2019) Exploring the family origins of adolescent dysfunctional separation–individuation. Journal of Child and Family Studies 29:2, pages 382-391.
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Savaş Karataş, Melita Puklek Levpušček & Luka Komidar. (2017) Demographic Factors and Individuation in Relation to Parents Predicting Attachment Avoidance and Anxiety in Turkish Emerging Adults. Current Psychology 38:6, pages 1443-1455.
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Suzanne Bartle-Haring, Natasha Slesnick & Aaron Murnan. (2018) Benefits to Children Who Participate in Family Therapy with their Substance-Using Mother. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 44:4, pages 671-686.
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C. C. Chen, G. B. Richardson, M. H. C. Lai, C. L. Dai & D. G. Hays. (2018) Development and Cross-Cultural Validity of a Brief Measure of Separation-Individuation. Journal of Child and Family Studies 27:9, pages 2797-2810.
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Ezgi KARATAŞ YÜCEL & Engin YÜCEL. (2017) Ergen Bireyselleşme ve Ayrılmasının Tüketici Risk Algısı Üzerine EtkisiThe Effect of Individuation and Separation of Adolescence on Consumer’s Perception of Risk. Girişimcilik İnovasyon ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi 1:2, pages 154-168.
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Vera Skvirsky, Orit Taubman Ben-Ari, Timothy J. Greenbury & Carlo G. Prato. (2017) Contributors to young drivers’ driving styles – A comparison between Israel and Queensland. Accident Analysis & Prevention 109, pages 47-54.
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신현지 & Seo, su-gyun. (2017) Relationships between Parental Psychological Control and subjective Well-Being, Depression of Early Adult Children: Focused on the Mediating Role of Separation-Individuation and Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction. The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling 25:2, pages 23-43.
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L. Crystal Jiang, Ian Ming Yang & Chengjun Wang. (2016) Self-disclosure to parents in emerging adulthood. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 34:4, pages 425-445.
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최윤정 & eum yoon jae. (2016) The Relationship between Family Strengths and Self-Esteem in College Students: Mediated Effect of Separation-Individuation and Self-Identity. Korea Journal of Counseling 17:6, pages 357-379.
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Olga Oznobishin & Jenny Kurman. (2016) Family obligations and individuation among immigrant youth: Do generational status and age at immigration matter?. Journal of Adolescence 51:1, pages 103-113.
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ASLAN Sevda & GELBAL Selahattin. (2016) Separation-ındividuation of late adolescents : A longitudinal study. Educational Research and Reviews 11:1, pages 1-15.
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Sevda Aslan & Habib Hamurcu. (2015) The Prediction of Separation-Individuation in Turkish Late Adolescents through Perceived Sociability of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Environments. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 203, pages 11-15.
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김민정, 이은경 & 이응택. (2015) The Mediation Effects of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation on the Relationship between Object Relation and School Adaptation in High School Students. Korea Journal of Counseling 16:3, pages 415-431.
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Aldo Spelic. (2014) Changes in Psychological Adjustment of Female Students During the First Year of Study: Analysis of Defense Mechanisms. Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry 2:1.
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Neda Razaz, Reza Nourian, Ruth Ann Marrie, W Thomas Boyce & Helen Tremlett. (2014) Children and adolescents adjustment to parental multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. BMC Neurology 14:1.
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Kim, mijin & 권경인. (2014) The Relation of Adolescent Parental Attachment, Separation-Individuation, Ego-Resilience and Peer Attachment. The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling 22:2, pages 1-23.
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Paul C. Stey, Patrick L. Hill & Daniel Lapsley. (2013) Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of a Brief Measure of Dysfunctional Individuation. Assessment 21:4, pages 452-462.
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Sujata Ponappa, Suzanne Bartle‐Haring & Randal Day. (2014) Connection to parents and healthy separation during adolescence: A longitudinal perspective. Journal of Adolescence 37:5, pages 555-566.
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Stijn Van Petegem, Maarten Vansteenkiste & Wim Beyers. (2012) The Jingle–Jangle Fallacy in Adolescent Autonomy in the Family: In Search of an Underlying Structure. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42:7, pages 994-1014.
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김영린 & Ki-Hak Lee. (2012) The Differences in College Student Adaptation and Coping Strategy of the Subgroups using Psychological Separation, Dependence Denial, and Personal Growth Initiative. Korea Journal of Counseling 13:5, pages 2251-2270.
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Evie Kins, Bart Soenens & Wim Beyers. (2012) Parental psychological control and dysfunctional separation–individuation: A tale of two different dynamics. Journal of Adolescence 35:5, pages 1099-1109.
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Kopel Eliezer, Rivka Yahav & Keren Or Hen. (2012) The Internalization of the “Father” Object Among Young Men and Its Relation to Separation–Individuation Patterns, Anxiety and Depression. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 29:4, pages 323-344.
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Suzanne Bartle‐Haring, Felisha Lotspeich Younkin & Randal Day. (2012) Family Distance Regulation and School Engagement in Middle‐School‐Aged Children. Family Relations 61:2, pages 192-206.
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Alan A. Cavaiola, Callandra Peters, Nadya Hamdan & Neil J. Lavender. (2012) Differentiation of self and its relation to work stress and work satisfaction. Journal of Psychological Issues in Organizational Culture 3:1, pages 7-20.
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Clara Valls-Vidal, Carles Pérez-Testor, Joan Guàrdia-Olmos & Raffaella Iafrate. (2012) A Battery for the Assessment of Young Spanish Adults. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 28:4, pages 270-282.
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이시은. (2010) The Effect of adult attachment on self-esteem in sub-groups by Individuality and Relatedness. Korea Journal of Counseling 11:4, pages 1863-1876.
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Kim, Yong-Hee. (2010) The Influence of Married Women's Separation-Individuation, Autonomy, and Intimacy on Their Happiness and Anxiety. Korean Journal of Health Psychology 15:3, pages 515-528.
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Kathleen Boykin McElhaney, Joseph P. Allen, J. Claire Stephenson & Amanda L. Hare. 2009. Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. Handbook of Adolescent Psychology.
Annie K. ÅrsethJane KrogerMonica Martinussen & Guro Bakken. (2009) Intimacy status, attachment, separation-individuation patterns, and identity status in female university students. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 26:5, pages 697-712.
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Kim, Yong-Hee. (2009) The effect of parental separation-individuation and attachment on positive emotion and negative emotion: Focusing on the mediating effect of behavioral autonomy. Korean Journal of Health Psychology 14:1, pages 107-124.
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Ofra Mayseless & Miri Scharf. (2009) Too close for comfort: Inadequate boundaries with parents and individuation in late adolescent girls.. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 79:2, pages 191-202.
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Kim, Yong-Hee. (2008) Psychological Characteristics of Adjustment in Female University Students: Parental Relationship, Separation-Individuation, Shame, and Guilty. Korean Journal of Health Psychology 13:3, pages 691-704.
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Joachim KruseSabine Walper. (2008) Types of individuation in relation to parents: Predictors and outcomes. International Journal of Behavioral Development 32:5, pages 390-400.
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Olaf ReisHeike M. Buhl. (2008) Individuation during adolescence and emerging adulthood – five German studies. International Journal of Behavioral Development 32:5, pages 369-371.
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Brian Andersen, Joseph C. LaVoie & Curt S. Dunkel. (2006) Individuation and parents as people: Measurement concerns regarding two aspects of autonomy☆. Journal of Adolescence 30:5, pages 751-760.
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Rachele Aiello & Sandra Lancaster. (2007) Influence of adolescent maternal characteristics on infant development. Infant Mental Health Journal 28:5, pages 496-516.
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Ilana DuvdevanyVictor MoinRivka Yahav. (2019) The Social Life and Emotional State of Adolescent Children of Parents who are Blind and Sighted: A Pilot Study. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 101:3, pages 160-171.
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Michelle B. Stein, Janet H. Pinsker-Aspen & Mark J. Hilsenroth. (2007) Borderline Pathology and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI): An Evaluation of Criterion and Concurrent Validity. Journal of Personality Assessment 88:1, pages 81-89.
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Denis Lafortune, Marc Tourigny, Jean Proulx & Kristine Metz. (2007) Les interventions québécoises pour adolescents auteurs d’agression sexuelleQuébec Interventions with Adolescent Sexual Aggressors. Revue de psychoéducation 36:1, pages 25.
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R Yahav, J Vosburgh & A Miller. (2016) Separation-individuation processes of adolescent children of parents with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 13:1, pages 87-94.
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