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Original Articles

Psychometric Properties of the Temperament and Character Inventory–Revised (TCI–R) in a Belgian Sample

Pages 40-49 | Published online: 10 Jun 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (9)

Paulo A. S. Moreira, Richard Anthony Inman, Inês Rosa, Kevin Cloninger, António Duarte & C. Robert Cloninger. (2021) The Psychobiological Model of Personality and its Association with Student Approaches to Learning: Integrating Temperament and Character. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 65:4, pages 693-709.
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Aino I. L. Saarinen, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, Laura Pulkki-Råback, Claude Robert Cloninger, Marko Elovainio, Terho Lehtimäki, Olli Raitakari & Mirka Hintsanen. (2020) The relationship of dispositional compassion with well-being: a study with a 15-year prospective follow-up. The Journal of Positive Psychology 15:6, pages 806-820.
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Samet Kose, Mehmet Yalcin, Ercan Akin & Hakan Turkcapar. (2019) Normative data and factorial structure of the Turkish version of the temperament and character inventory-revised (Turkish TCI-R). Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology 29:2, pages 189-196.
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Hatice Dogan, Didem Oztop, Ozlem Olguner Eker, Saliha Demirel Ozsoy, Ceren Şahin Özkartal, Feyza Arıcıoğlu, Erdem Tüzün, Rümeysa Keleş, Cansu Kandemir, Serap Şirvancı, Cem İsmail Küçükali, Tijen Utkan, Tuğçe Demirtaş Şahin, Yusufhan Yazir, Zehra Seda Halbutoğulları, Semil Selcen Gocmez, Feyza Arıcıoğlu, Övgü Sinem Buğan Gülbahar, Abda Mahmood, Enikő Zsoldos, Charlotte L. Allan, Anya Topiwala, Klaus P. Ebmeier, Vedat Ceylan, Samet Kose$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Ercan Akin, Mehmet Hakan Turkcapar, Ercan Akin, Samet Kose$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Vedat Ceylan, Gulizer Temel, Mehmet Hakan Turkcapar$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Samet Kose$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Mehmet Yalcin, Ercan Akin, Vedat Ceylan, Hakan Turkcapar$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Isa Badur$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Naciye Bilgin Badur, Yüksel Kıvrak, Yasin Taşdelen, İbrahim Yağcı, Fatih Aydın, Ayca Idil Aytekin, Melek Saka, Sule Aydin, Beyazit Garip, Hakan Kayir, Pelin Öztürk, Serkan Zincir, Cihad Yükselir, Feyza Ersan Unal, Şakir Gıca & Aytül Gürsu Hariri. (2017) 9th International Congress on Psychopharmacology & 5th International Symposium on Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology 27:sup1, pages 181-215.
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Brick Johnstone, Daniel Cohen, Kelly Konopacki & Christopher Ghan. (2016) Selflessness as a Foundation of Spiritual Transcendence: Perspectives From the Neurosciences and Religious Studies. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 26:4, pages 287-303.
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Ana Adan, Judit Lachica, Hervé Caci & Vincenzo Natale. (2010) CIRCADIAN TYPOLOGY AND TEMPERAMENT AND CHARACTER PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS. Chronobiology International 27:1, pages 181-193.
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Yong Yu, Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic & Iori Tani. (2008) Personality and health in Japanese older adults. Aging & Mental Health 12:3, pages 382-388.
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M. Jesús Herrero, Antonia Domingo-Salvany, Marta Torrens, M. Teresa Brugal, Fernando Gutiérrez & The ITINERE investigators. (2008) Personality Profile in Young Current Regular Users of Cocaine. Substance Use & Misuse 43:10, pages 1378-1394.
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Articles from other publishers (77)

Shahram Hajirezaei, Abolfazl Mohammadi, Robert Cloninger, Jorden Cummings, Imaneh Abasi & Mehdi Soleimani. (2023) (1-4)Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Revised Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-140) in a Psychiatric Outpatient Sample in Iran. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences In Press:In Press.
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Diann S. Eley, Vikas Bansal, C. Robert Cloninger & Janni Leung. (2023) Temperament and character in an Australian sample: examining cross-sectional associations of personality with age, sex, and satisfaction with life. PeerJ 11, pages e15342.
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Ufuoma Angelica Norman, Femke Truijens, Mattias Desmet & Reitske Meganck. (2023) Depressive personality traits and temperament and character personality traits in a clinical sample: Results from regression and network analyses. Acta Psychologica 234, pages 103860.
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Aleksandra Rajewska‐Rager, Maria Staniek, Kamila Kucharska‐Kowalczyk, Pawel Kapelski, Natalia Lepczynska, Monika Dmitrzak‐Weglarz, Joanna Pawlak & Maria Skibinska. (2022) Temperament and character dimensions as psychological markers of mood disorders in Polish adolescents and young adults—A prospective study. Early Intervention in Psychiatry 16:11, pages 1240-1248.
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Bruna Meira, Eugénie Lhommée, Emmanuelle Schmitt, Hélène Klinger, Amélie Bichon, Pierre Pélissier, Mathieu Anheim, Christine Tranchant, Valérie Fraix, Sara Meoni, Franck Durif, Jean-Luc Houeto, Jean Philippe Azulay, Elena Moro, Stéphane Thobois, Paul Krack & Anna Castrioto. (2022) Early Parkinson’s Disease Phenotypes Tailored by Personality, Behavior, and Motor Symptoms. Journal of Parkinson's Disease 12:5, pages 1665-1676.
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Pekka Tölli, Liisa Keltikangas‐Järvinen, Terho Lehtimäki, Niklas Ravaja, Mirka Hintsanen, Ari Ahola‐Olli, Katja Pahkala, Mika Kähönen, Nina Hutri‐Kähönen, Tomi T. Laitinen, Päivi Tossavainen, Leena Taittonen, Henrik Dobewall, Eero Jokinen, Olli Raitakari, C. Robert Cloninger, Suvi Rovio & Aino Saarinen. (2022) The relationship between temperament, polygenic score for intelligence and cognition: A population‐based study of middle‐aged adults. Genes, Brain and Behavior 21:4.
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Katarzyna Gabrys & Antoni Wontorczyk. (2022) A Psychological Profile of Elite Polish Short Track Athletes: An Analysis of Temperamental Traits and Impulsiveness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:6, pages 3446.
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Aino I. Saarinen, Dacher Keltner, Henrik Dobewall, Terho Lehtimäki, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen & Mirka Hintsanen. (2021) The relationship of socioeconomic status in childhood and adulthood with compassion: A study with a prospective 32-year follow-up. PLOS ONE 16:3, pages e0248226.
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Aino I. L. Saarinen, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, Taina Hintsa, Laura Pulkki-Råback, Niklas Ravaja, Terho Lehtimäki, Olli Raitakari & Mirka Hintsanen. (2020) Does Compassion Predict Blood Pressure and Hypertension? The Modifying Role of Familial Risk for Hypertension. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 27:5, pages 527-538.
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Aino I. L. Saarinen, Liisa Keltikangas‐Järvinen, Yukiko Honda, Elli Oksman, Olli Raitakari, Laura Pulkki‐Råback & Mirka Hintsanen. (2019) Breastfeeding and offspring’s compassion and empathy in adulthood: A study with an over 30‐year follow‐up. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 61:2, pages 227-236.
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Gabriella Santangelo, Alfonsina D'Iorio, Silvio Peluso, Giusi Mautone, Carmine Vitale, Fiore Manganelli, Lucia Ruggiero & Marcello Esposito. (2020) Personality traits associated with blepharospasm: A comparison with healthy subjects, patients with facial hemispasm and patients with hyperhidrosis. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 74, pages 130-134.
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Joëlle Berrewaerts, Romain Pallincourt, Géraldine Wildemeersch, Martin Desseilles & Philippe Kempeneers. (2019) Schémas précoces inadaptés, tempérament et caractère chez des patients présentant une dépendance aux substances psychoactives. Bulletin de psychologie Numéro 562:4, pages 243-257.
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Aino Saarinen, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, C. Robert Cloninger, Juha Veijola, Marko Elovainio, Terho Lehtimäki, Olli Raitakari & Mirka Hintsanen. (2019) The relationship of dispositional compassion for others with depressive symptoms over a 15-year prospective follow-up. Journal of Affective Disorders 250, pages 354-362.
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Sezen Güngör, Engin Demirel & Nihan Tomris Küçün. 2019. Behavioral Finance and Decision-Making Models. Behavioral Finance and Decision-Making Models 139 161 .
Yoshiko Tominaga, Tohru Aomori, Tomohisa Hayakawa, Nobuhiko Kijima, Donald E. Morisky, Kunihiko Takahashi & Mayumi Mochizuki. (2018) Possible associations of personality traits representing harm avoidance and self-directedness with medication adherence in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences 4:1.
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Paulo A. S. Moreira, Claude Robert Cloninger, Maria José Rocha, João Tiago Oliveira, Noémia Ferreira, Daniel Maffasioli Gonçalves & Sándor Rózsa. (2017) The Psychometrics of the European Portuguese Version of the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. Psychological Reports 120:6, pages 1178-1199.
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Megan Fresson, Benoit Dardenne, Marie Geurten, Laury Anzaldi & Thierry Meulemans. (2017) The Role of Self-Transcendence and Cognitive Processes in the Response Expectancy Effect. Psychologica Belgica 57:2, pages 77.
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Örjan Falk, Anis Sfendla, Sven Brändström, Henrik Anckarsäter, Thomas Nilsson & Nóra Kerekes. (2017) Personality and trait aggression profiles of male and female prison inmates. Psychiatry Research 250, pages 302-309.
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Stella G. Giakoumaki, Leda Karagiannopoulou, Sándor Rózsa, Chrysoula Zouraraki, Penny Karamaouna & C. Robert Cloninger. (2016) Psychometric properties of the Greek TCI-R and its clinical correlates: schizotypy and the self-regulation of affective and cognitive functioning. PeerJ 4, pages e1830.
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Mojmir Snopek, Veronika Hublova, Michaela Porubanova & Marek Blatny. (2012) Psychometric properties of the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R) in Czech adolescent sample. Comprehensive Psychiatry 53:1, pages 71-80.
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Ana Fresán, Rebeca Robles-García, Alberto López-Avila & Claude Robert Cloninger. (2011) Personality differences according to age and sex in a Mexican sample using the Temperament and Character Inventory–Revised. Comprehensive Psychiatry 52:6, pages 774-779.
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Daimei Sasayama, Hiroaki Hori, Toshiya Teraishi, Kotaro Hattori, Miho Ota, Junko Matsuo, Yumiko Kawamoto, Yukiko Kinoshita, Miyako Hashikura, Norie Koga, Nagahisa Okamoto, Kota Sakamoto, Teruhiko Higuchi, Naoji Amano & Hiroshi Kunugi. (2011) Difference in Temperament and Character Inventory scores between depressed patients with bipolar II and unipolar major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders 132:3, pages 319-324.
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Takeshi Shimizu & Masato Ishikawa. (2011) Examining Familiarity through the Temperament and Character Inventory: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. Behaviormetrika 38:2, pages 139-151.
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E. du Preez, N. Cassimjee, L. E. Lauritz, M. Ghazinour & J. Richter. (2011) Personality and Mental Health: An Investigation of South African Police Trainees. Psychological Reports 108:1, pages 301-316.
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Jaap G. Goekoop & Remco F. P. De Winter. (2011) Temperament and Character in Psychotic Depression Compared with Other Subcategories of Depression and Normal Controls. Depression Research and Treatment 2011, pages 1-7.
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Ada H. Zohar & C. Robert Cloninger. (2011) The Psychometric Properties of the TCI-140 in Hebrew. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 27:2, pages 73-80.
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Peter J. O’Connor & Chris J. Jackson. (2010) Applying a Psychobiological Model of Personality to the Study of Leadership. Journal of Individual Differences 31:4, pages 185-197.
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S. Mardaga & M. Hansenne. (2009) Autonomic aspect of emotional response in depressed patients: Relationships with personality. Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology 39:4-5, pages 209-216.
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Scott B. Maitland, Lars Nyberg, Lars Bäckman, Lars-Göran Nilsson & Rolf Adolfsson. (2009) On the structure of personality: Are there separate temperament and character factors?. Personality and Individual Differences 47:3, pages 180-184.
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Ana Adan, Josep Maria Serra-Grabulosa, Hervé Caci & Vincenzo Natale. (2009) A reduced Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-56). Psychometric properties in a non-clinical sample. Personality and Individual Differences 46:7, pages 687-692.
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Marianna Mazza, Osvaldo Mazza, Massimiliano Pomponi, Marco Di Nicola, Luca Padua, Massimo Vicini, Pietro Bria & Salvatore Mazza. (2009) What is the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on temperament and character in patients with fibromyalgia?. Comprehensive Psychiatry 50:3, pages 240-244.
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Michel Hansenne & Julien Bianchi. (2009) Emotional intelligence and personality in major depression: Trait versus state effects. Psychiatry Research 166:1, pages 63-68.
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E.J. Pedrero Pérez. (2009) TCI-R-67: versión abreviada del TCI-R de Cloninger. Proceso de creación y administración a una muestra de adictos a sustancias en tratamiento. Trastornos Adictivos 11:1, pages 12-23.
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Jordi Quoidbach, Michel Hansenne & Caroline Mottet. (2008) Personality and mental time travel: A differential approach to autonoetic consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition 17:4, pages 1082-1092.
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J. Savitz, L. van der Merwe & R. Ramesar. (2008) Personality endophenotypes for bipolar affective disorder: a family-based genetic association analysis. Genes, Brain and Behavior 7:8, pages 869-876.
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Giovanni Martinotti, Laura Mandelli, Marco Di Nicola, Alessandro Serretti, Andrea Fossati, Serena Borroni, C. Robert Cloninger & Luigi Janiri. (2008) Psychometric characteristic of the Italian version of the Temperament and Character Inventory—Revised, personality, psychopathology, and attachment styles. Comprehensive Psychiatry 49:5, pages 514-522.
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Yong YuTomas Chamorro-Premuzic & Shuji Honjo. (2008) Personality and Defense Mechanisms in Late Adulthood. Journal of Aging and Health 20:5, pages 526-544.
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Amy Østertun Geirdal & Alv A. Dahl. (2008) The Relationship Between Psychological Distress and Personality in Women from Families with Familial Breast/Ovarian or Hereditary Non‐polyposis Colorectal Cancer in the Absence of Demonstrated Mutations. Journal of Genetic Counseling 17:4, pages 384-393.
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Shu-Cheng Lin, Pei-Lin Wu, Huei-Chen Ko, Jo Yung-Wei Wu, San-Yuan Huang, Wei-Wen Lin & Ru-Band Lu. (2007) Specific personality traits and dopamine, serotonin genes in anxiety–depressive alcoholism among Han Chinese in Taiwan. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 31:7, pages 1526-1534.
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Niklas Granö, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, Anne Kouvonen, Sampsa Puttonen, Marianna Virtanen, Jussi Vahtera, Marko Elovainio & Mika Kivimäki. (2007) Association of impulsivity with sleep duration and insomnia in an employee population. Personality and Individual Differences 43:2, pages 307-318.
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Jörg Richter, Sven Brändström, Habib Emami & Mehdi Ghazinour. (2016) An Iranian (Farsi) Version of the Temperament and Character Inventory: A Cross-Cultural Comparison. Psychological Reports 100:3_suppl, pages 1218-1228.
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X. Coton, E. Pinto, J. Reggers, M. Hansenne, M. Parent & M. Ansseau. (2007) Impact de la personnalité sur l’intensité du syndrome de sevrage alcoolique : une étude préliminaire avec le modèle de Cloninger. L'Encéphale 33:3, pages 264-269.
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Solange Mardaga & Michel Hansenne. (2007) Relationships between Cloninger’s biosocial model of personality and the behavioral inhibition/approach systems (BIS/BAS). Personality and Individual Differences 42:4, pages 715-722.
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JORG RICHTER. (2007) AN IRANIAN (FARSI) VERSION OF THE TEMPERAMENT AND CHARACTER INVENTORY: A CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON. Psychological Reports 100:3, pages 1218.
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E.J. Pedrero Pérez. (2006) TCI-140: propiedades psicométricas, relación con el TCI-R y con variables de personalidad. Estudio de una muestra de adictos en tratamiento. Trastornos Adictivos 8:3, pages 155-167.
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Solange Mardaga, Olivier Laloyaux & Michel Hansenne. (2006) Personality traits modulate skin conductance response to emotional pictures: An investigation with Cloninger’s model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences 40:8, pages 1603-1614.
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Alberto Ribera, Laura Cirasola & Nia Plamenova. (2021) Validation of a Personality Assessment Tool (TCI-R) in Spanish Population of Young Managers. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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