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Original Article

A Pediatric Case Definition for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

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Pages 1-44 | Published online: 04 Dec 2011

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Read on this site (9)

Leonard A. Jason, John Kalns, Alicia Richarte, Ben Z. Katz & Chelsea Torres. (2021) Saliva fatigue biomarker index as a marker for severe myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome in a community based sample. Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior 9:4, pages 189-195.
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S. J. Knight, A. Harvey, S. Hennel, L. Lubitz, K. Rowe, C. Reveley, N. Dean, C. Clarke & A. Scheinberg. (2015) Measuring quality of life and fatigue in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: estimates of feasibility, internal consistency and parent–adolescent agreement of the PedsQLTM. Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior 3:4, pages 220-234.
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Leonard A. Jason, Madison Sunnquist, Abigail Brown & Jordan Reed. (2015) Defining Essential Features of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 25:6, pages 657-674.
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Leonard A. Jason, Madison Sunnquist, Abigail Brown, Julia L. Newton, Elin Bolle Strand & Suzanne D. Vernon. (2015) Chronic fatigue syndrome versus systemic exertion intolerance disease. Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior 3:3, pages 127-141.
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Leonard A. Jason, Bobby Kot, Madison Sunnquist, Abigail Brown, Jordan Reed, Jacob Furst, Julia L. Newton, Elin Bolle Strand & Suzanne D. Vernon. (2015) Comparing and contrasting consensus versus empirical domains. Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior 3:2, pages 63-74.
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Leonard A. Jason, Bobby Kot, Madison Sunnquist, Abigail Brown, Meredyth Evans, Rachel Jantke, Yolonda Williams, Jacob Furst & Suzanne D. Vernon. (2015) Chronic fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis: towards an empirical case definition. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine 3:1, pages 82-93.
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Leonard A. Jason & Jordan Reed. (2015) The use of mixed methods in studying a chronic illness. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine 3:1, pages 40-51.
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Leonard A. Jason, Ben Z. Katz, Yukiko Shiraishi, Cynthia J. Mears, Young Im & Renee R. Taylor. (2014) Predictors of post-infectious chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine 2:1, pages 41-51.
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Articles from other publishers (68)

Don M Baken, Kirsty J Ross, Lynette D Hodges & Lesley Batten. (2022) Experiences of carers of youth, adult children and spouses with ME/CFS. Chronic Illness 19:4, pages 719-729.
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Nilihan E. M. Sanal-Hayes, Marie Mclaughlin, Lawrence D. Hayes, Jacqueline L. Mair, Jane Ormerod, David Carless, Natalie Hilliard, Rachel Meach, Joanne Ingram & Nicholas F. Sculthorpe. (2023) A scoping review of ‘Pacing’ for management of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): lessons learned for the long COVID pandemic. Journal of Translational Medicine 21:1.
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Elisha K. Josev, Jian Chen, Marc Seal, Adam Scheinberg, Rebecca C. Cole, Katherine Rowe, Lionel Lubitz & Sarah J. Knight. (2023) What lies beneath: White matter microstructure in pediatric myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome using diffusion MRI . Journal of Neuroscience Research 101:10, pages 1572-1585.
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Hollie Byrne, Elisha K. Josev, Sarah J. Knight, Adam Scheinberg, Katherine Rowe, Lionel Lubitz & Marc L. Seal. (2023) Hypothalamus volumes in adolescent Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): impact of self-reported fatigue and illness duration. Brain Structure and Function.
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Su-Fen Huang & Hui-Ying Duan. (2023) Study on Sports, Extracurricular Activities, Electronic Device Usage Factors Associated with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Taiwanese Preschoolers. Children 10:8, pages 1278.
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Madeline Johnson, Chelsea Torres, Halli Watts-Rich & Leonard Jason. (2023) Adults with ME/CFS report surprisingly high rates of youth symptoms: A qualitative analysis of patient blog commentary. Work 74:4, pages 1241-1251.
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Kristian Sommerfelt, Trude Schei & Arild Angelsen. (2023) Severe and Very Severe Myalgic Encephalopathy/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ME/CFS in Norway: Symptom Burden and Access to Care. Journal of Clinical Medicine 12:4, pages 1487.
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Gage Rodriguez. 2023. Handbook of Mind/Body Integration in Child and Adolescent Development. Handbook of Mind/Body Integration in Child and Adolescent Development 167 179 .
Herbert Renz-Polster, Wolfgang Broxtermann & Uta Behrends. (2022) Chronische Erschöpfung bedeutet nicht, einfach nur müde zu sein. Pädiatrie 34:3, pages 26-33.
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Leonard A. Jason, Caroline L. Gaglio, Jacob Furst, Mohammed Islam, Matthew Sorenson, Karl E. Conroy & Ben Z. Katz. (2022) Cytokine network analysis in a community-based pediatric sample of patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Chronic Illness, pages 174239532211016.
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Philippa Clery, Alexander Royston, Katie Driver, Jasmine Bailey, Esther Crawley & Maria Loades. (2022) What treatments work for anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome? An updated systematic review. BMJ Open 12:1, pages e051358.
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Tarjei Tørre Asprusten, Line Sletner & Vegard Bruun Bratholm Wyller. (2021) Are there subgroups of chronic fatigue syndrome? An exploratory cluster analysis of biological markers. Journal of Translational Medicine 19:1.
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Krista M. Ekberg, Chelsea Torres & Leonard A. Jason. (2021) Parent-child discrepancies in health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Quality of Life Research 30:12, pages 3443-3448.
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Wenche Ann Similä, Torstein Baade Rø & Torunn Hatlen Nøst. (2021) Experiences Among School Personnel and School Nurses on Educational Adaptations for Students With CFS/ME: A Qualitative Interview Study. Frontiers in Pediatrics 9.
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Wenche Ann Similä, Torunn Hatlen Nøst, Ingrid B Helland & Torstein Baade Rø. (2021) Factors related to educational adaptations and social life at school experienced by young people with CFS/ME: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 11:11, pages e051094.
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Elisha K. Josev, Rebecca C. Cole, Adam Scheinberg, Katherine Rowe, Lionel Lubitz & Sarah J. Knight. (2021) Health, Wellbeing, and Prognosis of Australian Adolescents with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): A Case-Controlled Follow-Up Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine 10:16, pages 3603.
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Luis Nacul, François Jérôme Authier, Carmen Scheibenbogen, Lorenzo Lorusso, Ingrid Bergliot Helland, Jose Alegre Martin, Carmen Adella Sirbu, Anne Marit Mengshoel, Olli Polo, Uta Behrends, Henrik Nielsen, Patricia Grabowski, Slobodan Sekulic, Nuno Sepulveda, Fernando Estévez-López, Pawel Zalewski, Derek F. H. Pheby, Jesus Castro-Marrero, Giorgos K. Sakkas, Enrica Capelli, Ivan Brundsdlund, John Cullinan, Angelika Krumina, Jonas Bergquist, Modra Murovska, Ruud C. W. Vermuelen & Eliana M. Lacerda. (2021) European Network on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (EUROMENE): Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis, Service Provision, and Care of People with ME/CFS in Europe. Medicina 57:5, pages 510.
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Katherine Rowe, Amanda Apple & Fiona McDonald. 2021. Topics in Primary Care Medicine. Topics in Primary Care Medicine.
Leonard A. Jason, Ben Z. Katz, Madison Sunnquist, Chelsea Torres, Joseph Cotler & Shaun Bhatia. (2020) The Prevalence of Pediatric Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in a Community-Based Sample. Child & Youth Care Forum 49:4, pages 563-579.
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Ola Didrik Saugstad. (2019) Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) in the Young. Time to Repent. Acta Paediatrica 109:4, pages 645-646.
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Katherine Rowe. (2019) Paediatric patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome value understanding and help to move on with their lives. Acta Paediatrica 109:4, pages 790-800.
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Tsutomu Maeda, Kentaro Oniki & Teruhisa Miike. (2019) Sleep education in primary school prevents future school refusal behavior. Pediatrics International 61:10, pages 1036-1042.
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Andrew R Devendorf, Carly T Jackson, Madison Sunnquist & Leonard A Jason. (2017) Approaching recovery from myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome: Challenges to consider in research and practice. Journal of Health Psychology 24:10, pages 1412-1424.
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Kei Mizuno, Takako Joudoi & Yasuyoshi Watanabe. (2019) Childhood Chronic Fatigue Syndrome:School Absenteeism and Brain Function小児慢性疲労症候群. The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 56:6, pages 469-475.
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Katherine S. Rowe. (2019) Long Term Follow up of Young People With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Attending a Pediatric Outpatient Service. Frontiers in Pediatrics 7.
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Maria Roma, Colleen L. Marden, Marissa A. K. Flaherty, Samantha E. Jasion, Erica M. Cranston & Peter C. Rowe. (2019) Impaired Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescent Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: The Impact of Core Symptoms. Frontiers in Pediatrics 7.
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Michael B. VanElzakker, Sydney A. Brumfield & Paula S. Lara Mejia. (2019) Neuroinflammation and Cytokines in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): A Critical Review of Research Methods. Frontiers in Neurology 9.
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Leonard A. Jason & Madison Sunnquist. (2018) The Development of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire: Original, Expanded, Brief, and Pediatric Versions. Frontiers in Pediatrics 6.
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Sarah Jenette Knight, Jennifer Politis, Christine Garnham, Adam Scheinberg & Michelle Anne Tollit. (2018) School Functioning in Adolescents With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Frontiers in Pediatrics 6.
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Erifili Hatziagelaki, Maria Adamaki, Irene Tsilioni, George Dimitriadis & Theoharis C. Theoharides. (2018) Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome—Metabolic Disease or Disturbed Homeostasis due to Focal Inflammation in the Hypothalamus?. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 367:1, pages 155-167.
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Michelle Tollit, Jennifer Politis & Sarah Knight. (2018) Measuring School Functioning in Students With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Journal of School Health 88:1, pages 74-89.
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Gary S. Marshall & Bryan D. Carter. 2018. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 1037 1044.e6 .
Gudrun Lange. 2018. Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology 777 781 .
Chinh Bkrong Nguyen, Lene Alsøe, Jessica M. Lindvall, Dag Sulheim, Even Fagermoen, Anette Winger, Mari Kaarbø, Hilde Nilsen & Vegard Bruun Wyller. (2017) Whole blood gene expression in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome: an exploratory cross-sectional study suggesting altered B cell differentiation and survival. Journal of Translational Medicine 15:1.
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Peter C. Rowe, Rosemary A. Underhill, Kenneth J. Friedman, Alan Gurwitt, Marvin S. Medow, Malcolm S. Schwartz, Nigel Speight, Julian M. Stewart, Rosamund Vallings & Katherine S. Rowe. (2017) Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer. Frontiers in Pediatrics 5.
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Jone Owe, Halvor Næss & Ole-Bjørn Tysnes. (2017) Hvem skal utrede kronisk utmattelse?. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 137:1, pages 21-22.
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Takao Munemoto, Yuji Soejima, Akinori Masuda, Yoshiaki Nakabeppu & Chuwa Tei. (2017) Increase in the Regional Cerebral Blood Flow following Waon Therapy in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Pilot Study. Internal Medicine 56:14, pages 1817-1824.
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Arnaud Germain, David Ruppert, Susan M. Levine & Maureen R. Hanson. (2017) Metabolic profiling of a myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome discovery cohort reveals disturbances in fatty acid and lipid metabolism. Molecular BioSystems 13:2, pages 371-379.
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Jeanna M. Harvey, Gordon Broderick, Alanna Bowie, Zachary M. Barnes, Ben Z. Katz, Maurice R. G. O’Gorman, Suzanne D. Vernon, Mary Ann Fletcher, Nancy G. Klimas & Renee Taylor. (2016) Tracking post-infectious fatigue in clinic using routine Lab tests. BMC Pediatrics 16:1.
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Lindsey Russell, Gordon Broderick, Renee Taylor, Henrique Fernandes, Jeanna Harvey, Zachary Barnes, AnneLiese Smylie, Fanny Collado, Elizabeth G. Balbin, Ben Z. Katz, Nancy G. Klimas & Mary Ann Fletcher. (2016) Illness progression in chronic fatigue syndrome: a shifting immune baseline. BMC Immunology 17:1.
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Peter C. Rowe, Colleen L. Marden, Samantha E. Jasion, Erica M. Cranston, Marissa A. K. Flaherty & Kevin J. Kelly. (2016) Cow's milk protein intolerance in adolescents and young adults with chronic fatigue syndrome. Acta Paediatrica 105:9, pages e412-e418.
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Laura Anne Wortinger, Tor Endestad, Annika Maria D. Melinder, Merete Glenne Øie, Andre Sevenius & Vegard Bruun Wyller. (2016) Aberrant Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Salience Network of Adolescent Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. PLOS ONE 11:7, pages e0159351.
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Kei Mizuno, Junko Kawatani, Kanako Tajima, Akihiro T. Sasaki, Tetsuya Yoneda, Masanori Komi, Toshinori Hirai, Akemi Tomoda, Takako Joudoi & Yasuyoshi Watanabe. (2016) Low putamen activity associated with poor reward sensitivity in childhood chronic fatigue syndrome. NeuroImage: Clinical 12, pages 600-606.
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Gudrun Lange. 2017. Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology 1 5 .
Leonard A. Jason, Ben Z. Katz, Cynthia Mears, Rachel Jantke, Abigail Brown, Madison Sunnquist & Kelly O’Connor. (2015) Issues in Estimating Rates of Pediatric Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis in a Community-Based Sample. Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psych Physiology 2:4.
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Vegard Bruun Wyller, Øystein Sørensen, Dag Sulheim, Even Fagermoen, Thor Ueland & Tom Eirik Mollnes. (2015) Plasma cytokine expression in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 46, pages 80-86.
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Torstein Egeland, Arild Angelsen, Ruth Haug, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Tor Erling Lea & Ola Didrik Saugstad. (2015) Hva er egentlig myalgisk encefalopati?. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 135:19, pages 1756-1759.
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Sarah Knight, Adrienne Harvey, Susan Towns, Donald Payne, Lionel Lubitz, Kathy Rowe, Colette Reveley, Sabine Hennel, Harriet Hiscock & Adam Scheinberg. (2014) How is paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis diagnosed and managed by paediatricians? An Australian Paediatric Research Network Study. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 50:12, pages 1000-1007.
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Kate Lievesley, Katharine A. Rimes & Trudie Chalder. (2014) A review of the predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in children and adolescents. Clinical Psychology Review 34:3, pages 233-248.
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Sarah Knight, Adrienne Harvey, Lionel Lubitz, Kathy Rowe, Colette Reveley, Frederike Veit, Sabine Hennel & Adam Scheinberg. (2013) Paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome: Complex presentations and protracted time to diagnosis. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 49:11, pages 919-924.
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Sarah J. Knight, Adam Scheinberg & Adrienne R. Harvey. (2013) Interventions in Pediatric Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A Systematic Review. Journal of Adolescent Health 53:2, pages 154-165.
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Samantha Johnston, Ekua W. Brenu, Donald R. Staines & Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik. (2013) The adoption of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis case definitions to assess prevalence: a systematic review. Annals of Epidemiology 23:6, pages 371-376.
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Ben Z. Katz & Leonard A. Jason. (2013) Chronic fatigue syndrome following infections in adolescents. Current Opinion in Pediatrics 25:1, pages 95-102.
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Gordon Broderick, Ben Z Katz, Henrique Fernandes, Mary Ann Fletcher, Nancy Klimas, Frederick A Smith, Maurice RG O’Gorman, Suzanne D Vernon & Renee Taylor. (2012) Cytokine expression profiles of immune imbalance in post-mononucleosis chronic fatigue. Journal of Translational Medicine 10:1.
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Leonard A. Jason, Abigail Brown, Erin Clyne, Lindsey Bartgis, Meredyth Evans & Molly Brown. (2011) Contrasting Case Definitions for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. Evaluation & the Health Professions 35:3, pages 280-304.
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Ben Z. Katz, Julian M. Stewart, Yukiko Shiraishi, Cynthia J. Mears & Renee Taylor. (2012) Orthostatic Tolerance Testing in a Prospective Cohort of Adolescents With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Recovered Controls Following Infectious Mononucleosis. Clinical Pediatrics 51:9, pages 835-839.
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Jason. (2010) The Development of a Revised Canadian Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Case Definition. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 6:2, pages 120-135.
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Leonard Jason, Nicole Porter, Elizabeth Shelleby, Lindsay Till, David S. Bell, Charles W. Lapp, Kathy Rowe & Kenny De Meirleir. (2009) Severe Versus Moderate Criteria for the New Pediatric Case Definition for ME/CFS. Child Psychiatry and Human Development 40:4, pages 609-620.
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Ben Z. Katz, Yukiko Shiraishi, Cynthia J. Mears, Helen J. Binns & Renee Taylor. (2009) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome After Infectious Mononucleosis in Adolescents. Pediatrics 124:1, pages 189-193.
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Leonard A. JasonNicole PorterElizabeth ShellebyDavid S. BellCharles W. LappKathy RoweKenny De Meirleir. (2017) A Case Definition for Children with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Clinical medicine. Pediatrics 1, pages CMPed.S978.
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