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Original Article

Clinical and Etiological Update of Myofascial Pain from Trigger Points

Pages 93-122 | Published online: 16 Jan 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (33)

Kindyle Brennan, Katherine M. Elifritz, Megan M. Comire & Daniel C. Jupiter. (2021) Rate and maintenance of improvement of myofascial pain with dry needling alone vs. dry needling with intramuscular electrical stimulation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy 29:4, pages 216-226.
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Roberto Procópio Pinheiro, Matheus Aquesta Gaubeur, Ana Maria Itezerote, Samir Omar Saleh, Flávio Hojaij, Mauro Andrade, Alfredo Luiz Jacomo & Flávia Emi Akamatsu. (2020) Anatomical Study of the Innervation of the Masseter Muscle and Its Correlation with Myofascial Trigger Points. Journal of Pain Research 13, pages 3217-3226.
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Le Ye, Mingli Li, Zhankui Wang, Zhongwei Yang, Jinyuan Zhang, Hongwei Fang, Zhenzhou He & Xiangrui Wang. (2020) Depression of Mitochondrial Function in the Rat Skeletal Muscle Model of Myofascial Pain Syndrome Is Through Down-Regulation of the AMPK-PGC-1α-SIRT3 Axis. Journal of Pain Research 13, pages 1747-1756.
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Rami L. Abbas, Mohamad T. Houri, Mohammad M. Rayyan, Hamada Ahmad Hamada & Ibtissam M. Saab. (2019) Effect of unifocal versus multifocal lenses on cervical spine posture in patients with presbyopia. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 25:1, pages 148-152.
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Anudeep Saxena, Mayank Chansoria, Gaurav Tomar & Abhyuday Kumar. (2015) Myofascial Pain Syndrome: An Overview. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy 29:1, pages 16-21.
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Jen-Ting Huang, Han-Yu Chen, Chang-Zern Hong, Ming-Ta Lin, Li-Wei Chou, Hsin-Shui Chen, Chien-Tsung Tsai & Wen-Dien Chang. (2014) Lumbar facet injection for the treatment of chronic piriformis myofascial pain syndrome: 52 case studies. Patient Preference and Adherence 8, pages 1105-1111.
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Irfan Koca, Ahmet Tutoglu, Ahmet Boyaci, Mehmet Ucar, Erman Yagiz, Mustafa Isik & Ayse Bahsi. (2014) A comparison of the effectiveness of low-, moderate- and high-dose ultrasound therapy applied in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome. Modern Rheumatology 24:4, pages 662-666.
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Ta-Shen Kuan, Chang-Zern Hong, Shu-Min Chen, Chien-Tsung Tsai, Wei-Chang Yen, Jo-Tong Chen & Chi-Yen Feng. (2012) Myofascial Pain Syndrome: Correlation between the Irritability of Trigger Points and the Prevalence of Local Twitch Responses during Trigger Point Injection. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 20:4, pages 250-256.
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Nilay Sahin, Ilknur Albayrak & Hatice Ugurlu. (2011) Effect of Different Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation Modalities on Cervical Myofascial Pain Syndrome. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 19:1, pages 18-23.
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Orlando Mayoral del Moral. (2010) Dry Needling Treatments for Myofascial Trigger Points. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 18:4, pages 411-416.
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Pei Feng Lim, John Schmidt, Reny de Leeuw, Charley Carlson, Romulo Albuquerque & Jeffrey P. Okeson. (2008) Inability of Surface Electromyography to Register the Local Twitch Response Elicited by Trigger Point Injection and Snapping Palpation in Myofascial Pain Patients. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 16:3, pages 165-173.
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Peter Resteghini. (2006) Myofascial Trigger Points: Pathophysiology and Treatment with Dry Needling. Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine 28:2, pages 60-68.
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Shyi-Kuen Wu, Chang-Zern Hong, Jia-Yuan You, Chiung-Ling Chen, Lin-Hwa Wang & Fong-Chin Su. (2005) Therapeutic Effect on the Change of Gait Performance in Chronic Calf Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Time Series Case Study. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 13:3, pages 33-43.
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Wolfgang Müller & Thomas Stratz. (2005) The Use of the 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist Tropisetron in Trigger Point Therapy: A Pilot Study. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 13:2, pages 43-48.
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Chang-Zern Hong. (2004) Myofascial Pain Therapy. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 12:3-4, pages 37-43.
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B. H. Bunkan, S. Opjordsmoen, O. Moen, A. E. Ljunggren & S. Friis. (2003) Palpation of Skeletal Muscles: A Psychometric Evaluation of the Muscular Items of the Comprehensive Body Examination. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 11:1, pages 21-30.
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Jose De Andrés. (2002) New advances in botulinum toxin therapy for pain. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 2:6, pages 791-799.
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Lars Arendt-Nielsen & Thomas Graven-Nielsen. (2002) Deep Tissue Hyperalgesia. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 10:1-2, pages 97-119.
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Shu-Min Chen, Jo-Tong Chen, Ta-Shen Kuan, Judith Hong & Chang-Zern Hong. (2000) Decrease in Pressure Pain Thresholds of Latent Myofascial Trigger Points in the Middle Finger Extensors Immediately After Continuous Piano Practice. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 8:3, pages 83-92.
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Ta-Shen Kuan, Thy-Sheng Lin, Jo-Tong Chen, Shu-Min Chen & Chang-Zern Hong. (2000) No Increased Neuromuscular Jitter at Rabbit Skeletal Muscle Trigger Spot Spontaneous Electrical Activity Sites. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 8:3, pages 69-82.
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Ta-Shen Kuan, Yu-Chang Chang & Chang-Zern Hong. (1999) Distribution of Active Loci in Rat Skeletal Muscle. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 7:4, pages 45-54.
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Wen-Chung Tsai, Tyng-Guey Wang & Chang-Zern Hong. (1999) Myofascial Trigger Points in the Ipsilateral Gluteal Muscles Associated with Pyogenic Sacroiliitis: A Case Report. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 7:3, pages 73-82.
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I. Marini, T. Fairplay, F. Vecchiet & L. Checchi. (1999) The Treatment of Trigger Points in the Cervical and Facial Area. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 7:1-2, pages 239-245.
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Elizabeth M. Frank. (1999) Myofascial Trigger Point Diagnostic Criteria in the Dog. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 7:1-2, pages 231-237.
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Chang-Zern Hong. (1999) Current Research on Myofascial Trigger Points–Pathophysiological Studies. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 7:1-2, pages 121-129.
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Marta Imamura, Andrew A. Fischer, Satiko Tomikawa Imamura, Helena Seguchi Kaziyama, Antonio Egydio Carvalho & Osny Salomao. (1998) Treatment of Myofascial Pain Components in Plantar Fasciitis Speeds Up Recovery: Documentation by Algometry. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 6:1, pages 91-110.
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Satiko Tomikawa Imamura, Marcelo Riberto, Andrew A. Fischer, Marta Imamura, Helena H. Seguchi Kaziyama & Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira. (1998) Successful Pain Relief by Treatment of Myofascial Components In Patients with Hip Pathology Scheduled for Total Hip Replacement. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 6:1, pages 73-89.
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Chang-Zern Hong. (1998) Algometry In Evaluation of Trigger Points and Referred Pain. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 6:1, pages 47-59.
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Andrew A. Fischer. (1998) Algometry in Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Pain and Evaluation of Treatment Outcome: An Update. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 6:1, pages 5-32.
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Daniel J. Wallace. (1997) The Fibromyalgia Syndrome. Annals of Medicine 29:1, pages 9-21.
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David G. Simons. (1997) Myofascial Pain Syndromes-Trigger Points. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 5:3, pages 81-90.
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Dawn T. Gulick. (2014) Influence of instrument assisted soft tissue treatment techniques on myofascial trigger points. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 18:4, pages 602-607.
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M. Saleet Jafri. (2014) Mechanisms of Myofascial Pain. International Scholarly Research Notices 2014, pages 1-16.
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Ruth M. Maher, Dawn M. Hayes & Minoru Shinohara. (2013) Quantification of Dry Needling and Posture Effects on Myofascial Trigger Points Using Ultrasound Shear-Wave Elastography. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 94:11, pages 2146-2150.
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Lucas Martinez & Basile Plessac. (2013) Revue de traitements des trigger points myofasciaux cervico-scapulaires. Kinésithérapie, la Revue 13:142, pages 17-24.
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Richard Rauck, Michael Busch & Thomas Marriott. (2013) Effectiveness of a Heated Lidocaine/Tetracaine Topical Patch for Pain Associated with Myofascial Trigger Points: Results of an Open-label Pilot Study. Pain Practice 13:7, pages 533-538.
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