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Anthrax toxin: structures, functions and tumour targeting

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Pages 843-853 | Published online: 03 Mar 2005

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Mahboobeh Gholami, Majid Moghbeli, Farshid Kafilzadeh, Mohammad Kargar, Mariam Bikhof Torbati, Ashkan Tavizi, Sally Bellevile, Javad Hatami & Zahra Eslami. (2021) Production of recombinant lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis in Bacillus subtilis. Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology 51:1, pages 9-15.
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Marcus B. Jones, Scott N. Peterson, Rosslyn Benn, John C. Braisted, Behnam Jarrahi, Kenneth Shatzkes, Dacheng Ren, Thomas K. Wood & Martin J. Blaser. (2010) Role of luxS in Bacillus anthracis growth and virulence factor expression. Virulence 1:2, pages 72-83.
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Wenxing Liu & Ekaterina M. Nestorovich. (2021) Anthrax toxin channel: What we know based on over 30 years of research. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1863:11, pages 183715.
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Olga Shilova, Elena Shramova, Galina Proshkina & Sergey Deyev. (2021) Natural and Designed Toxins for Precise Therapy: Modern Approaches in Experimental Oncology. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22:9, pages 4975.
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Elyse S. Fischer, Warren A. CampbellIVIV, Shihui Liu, Rodolfo Ghirlando, Rasem J. Fattah, Thomas H. Bugge & Stephen H. Leppla. (2019) Bismaleimide cross‐linked anthrax toxin forms functional octamers with high specificity in tumor targeting. Protein Science 28:6, pages 1059-1070.
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Irene R. Chassagnon, Sarah J. Piper & Michael J. Landsberg. 2019. Comprehensive Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. Comprehensive Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 279 298 .
Shihui Liu, Qian Ma, Rasem Fattah, Thomas H. Bugge & Stephen H. Leppla. (2017) Anti-tumor activity of anthrax toxin variants that form a functional translocation pore by intermolecular complementation. Oncotarget 8:39, pages 65123-65131.
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Shihui LiuJie LiuQian MaLiu CaoRasem J. FattahZuxi Yu, Thomas H. BuggeToren FinkelStephen H. Leppla. (2016) Solid tumor therapy by selectively targeting stromal endothelial cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113:28.
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Christopher Bachran & Stephen Leppla. (2016) Tumor Targeting and Drug Delivery by Anthrax Toxin. Toxins 8:7, pages 197.
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Jennifer Vandooren, Ghislain Opdenakker, Paul M. Loadman & Dylan R. Edwards. (2016) Proteases in cancer drug delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 97, pages 144-155.
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Alexander N. Wein, Diane E. Peters, Zaheer Valivullah, Benjamin J. Hoover, Aparna Tatineni, Qian Ma, Rasem Fattah, Thomas H. Bugge, Stephen H. Leppla & Shihui Liu. (2015) An anthrax toxin variant with an improved activity in tumor targeting. Scientific Reports 5:1.
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E. Diane Williamson & Edward Hugh Dyson. (2015) Anthrax prophylaxis: recent advances and future directions. Frontiers in Microbiology 6.
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Diane E. Peters, Benjamin Hoover, Loretta Grey Cloud, Shihui Liu, Alfredo A. Molinolo, Stephen H. Leppla & Thomas H. Bugge. (2014) Comparative toxicity and efficacy of engineered anthrax lethal toxin variants with broad anti-tumor activities. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 279:2, pages 220-229.
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Philip Gurnev & Ekaterina Nestorovich. (2014) Channel-Forming Bacterial Toxins in Biosensing and Macromolecule Delivery. Toxins 6:8, pages 2483-2540.
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Paul W. Denton, Julie M. Long, Stephen W. Wietgrefe, Craig Sykes, Rae Ann Spagnuolo, Olivia D. Snyder, Katherine Perkey, Nancie M. Archin, Shailesh K. Choudhary, Kuo Yang, Michael G. Hudgens, Ira Pastan, Ashley T. Haase, Angela D. Kashuba, Edward A. Berger, David M. Margolis & J. Victor Garcia. (2014) Targeted Cytotoxic Therapy Kills Persisting HIV Infected Cells During ART. PLoS Pathogens 10:1, pages e1003872.
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Shihui Liu, Yi Zhang, Benjamin Hoover & Stephen Leppla. (2012) The Receptors that Mediate the Direct Lethality of Anthrax Toxin. Toxins 5:1, pages 1-8.
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Ekaterina M. Nestorovich & Sergey M. Bezrukov. (2012) Obstructing Toxin Pathways by Targeted Pore Blockage. Chemical Reviews 112:12, pages 6388-6430.
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Annabel Guichard, Victor Nizet & Ethan Bier. (2012) New insights into the biological effects of anthrax toxins: linking cellular to organismal responses. Microbes and Infection 14:2, pages 97-118.
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I. Iacovache, M.T. Degiacomi & F.G. van der Goot. 2012. Comprehensive Biophysics. Comprehensive Biophysics 164 188 .
Jeffrey M. Schafer, Diane E. Peters, Thomas Morley, Shihui Liu, Alfredo A. Molinolo, Stephen H. Leppla & Thomas H. Bugge. (2011) Efficient Targeting of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Systemic Administration of a Dual uPA and MMP-Activated Engineered Anthrax Toxin. PLoS ONE 6:5, pages e20532.
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Shihui Liu, Devorah Crown, Sharmina Miller-Randolph, Mahtab Moayeri, Hailun Wang, Haijing Hu, Thomas Morley & Stephen H. Leppla. (2009) Capillary morphogenesis protein-2 is the major receptor mediating lethality of anthrax toxin in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:30, pages 12424-12429.
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Yizhen Liu & Shi-Yan Li. (2008) Urokinase-targeted recombinant bacterial protein toxins — a rationally designed and engineered anticancer agent for cancer therapy. Frontiers of Biology in China 4:1, pages 1-6.
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Shihui Liu, Thomas H. Bugge, Arthur E. Frankel & Stephen H. Leppla. 2009. Proteases and Cancer. Proteases and Cancer 175 190 .
Kenneth Alibek, Catherine Lobanova & Serguei Popov. 2009. Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents: A New Dilemma for the 21st Century. Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents: A New Dilemma for the 21st Century 1 35 .
Pradeep K. Gupta, Shihui Liu, Mariska P. Batavia & Stephen H. Leppla. (2008) The diphthamide modification on elongation factor-2 renders mammalian cells resistant to ricin. Cellular Microbiology 10:8, pages 1687-1694.
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Shihui Liu, Hailun Wang, Brooke M. Currie, Alfredo Molinolo, Howard J. Leung, Mahtab Moayeri, John R. Basile, Randall W. Alfano, J. Silvio Gutkind, Arthur E. Frankel, Thomas H. Bugge & Stephen H. Leppla. (2008) Matrix Metalloproteinase-activated Anthrax Lethal Toxin Demonstrates High Potency in Targeting Tumor Vasculature. Journal of Biological Chemistry 283:1, pages 529-540.
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Michael S. Rogers, Kenneth A. Christensen, Amy E. Birsner, Sarah M. Short, Darran J. Wigelsworth, R. John Collier & Robert J. D'Amato. (2007) Mutant Anthrax Toxin B Moiety (Protective Antigen) Inhibits Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth. Cancer Research 67:20, pages 9980-9985.
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Shihui Liu, Howard J. Leung & Stephen H. Leppla. (2007) Characterization of the interaction between anthrax toxin and its cellular receptors. Cellular Microbiology 9:4, pages 977-987.
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Kuang-Hua Chen, Shihui Liu, Laurie A. Bankston, Robert C. Liddington & Stephen H. Leppla. (2007) Selection of Anthrax Toxin Protective Antigen Variants That Discriminate between the Cellular Receptors TEM8 and CMG2 and Achieve Targeting of Tumor Cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 282:13, pages 9834-9845.
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A G Remacle, D V Rozanov, M Fugere, R Day & A Y Strongin. (2006) Furin regulates the intracellular activation and the uptake rate of cell surface-associated MT1-MMP. Oncogene 25:41, pages 5648-5655.
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Alina Deshpande, Rebecca J. Hammon, Claire K. Sanders & Steven W. Graves. (2006) Quantitative analysis of the effect of cell type and cellular differentiation on protective antigen binding to human target cells. FEBS Letters 580:17, pages 4172-4175.
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Wensheng Wei, Quan Lu, G. Jilani Chaudry, Stephen H. Leppla & Stanley N. Cohen. (2006) The LDL Receptor-Related Protein LRP6 Mediates Internalization and Lethality of Anthrax Toxin. Cell 124:6, pages 1141-1154.
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Alexei V. Chekanov, Albert G. Remacle, Vladislav S. Golubkov, Vladimir S. Akatov, Sergey Sikora, Alexei Y. Savinov, Martin Fugere, Robert Day, Dmitri V. Rozanov & Alex Y. Strongin. (2006) Both PA63 and PA83 are endocytosed within an anthrax protective antigen mixed heptamer: A putative mechanism to overcome a furin deficiency. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 446:1, pages 52-59.
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Vladimir A. Karginov, Ekaterina M. Nestorovich, Mahtab Moayeri, Stephen H. Leppla & Sergey M. Bezrukov. (2005) Blocking anthrax lethal toxin at the protective antigen channel by using structure-inspired drug design. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102:42, pages 15075-15080.
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Teresa Krakauer, Stephen F. Little & Bradley G. Stiles. (2005) Bacillus anthracis Edema Toxin Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B Effects In Vitro: a Potential Protein Therapeutic? . Infection and Immunity 73:10, pages 7069-7073.
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Shihui Liu, Vivien Redeye, Jeffrey G Kuremsky, Marissa Kuhnen, Alfredo Molinolo, Thomas H Bugge & Stephen H Leppla. (2005) Intermolecular complementation achieves high-specificity tumor targeting by anthrax toxin. Nature Biotechnology 23:6, pages 725-730.
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Bharat H. Joshi & Raj K. Puri. (2005) Optimization of expression and purification of two biologically active chimeric fusion proteins that consist of human interleukin-13 and Pseudomonas exotoxin in Escherichia coli. Protein Expression and Purification 39:2, pages 189-198.
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Keld Danø, Niels Behrendt, Gunilla Høyer-Hansen, Morten Johnsen, Leif R. Lund, Michael Ploug & John Rømer. (2017) Plasminogen activation and cancer. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 93:04, pages 676-681.
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Dmitri V. Rozanov, Vladislav S. Golubkov & Alex Y. Strongin. (2005) Membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) protects malignant cells from tumoricidal activity of re-engineered anthrax lethal toxin. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 37:1, pages 142-154.
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Kenneth Alibek, Catherine Lobanova & Serguei Popov. 2005. Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents: A New Dilemma for the 21st Century. Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents: A New Dilemma for the 21st Century 1 35 .
Holger Barth, Klaus Aktories, Michel R. Popoff & Bradley G. Stiles. (2004) Binary Bacterial Toxins: Biochemistry, Biology, and Applications of Common Clostridium and Bacillus Proteins . Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 68:3, pages 373-402.
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Eugenio Santelli, Laurie A. Bankston, Stephen H. Leppla & Robert C. Liddington. (2004) Crystal structure of a complex between anthrax toxin and its host cell receptor. Nature 430:7002, pages 905-908.
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