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Review

Cholesterol-lowering phytosterols: factors affecting their use and efficacy

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Pages 59-72 | Published online: 28 Jul 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

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Ossama Kodad, Álvaro Fernández-Cuesta, Baddir Karima, Leonardo Velasco & Sezai Ercişli. (2015) Natural variability in phytosterols in almond (Prunus amygdalus) trees growing under a southern Mediterranean climate. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 90:5, pages 543-549.
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Drajat Martianto, Atikah Bararah, Nuri Andarwulan & Dominika Średnicka-Tober. (2021) Cross-Sectional Study of Plant Sterols Intake as a Basis for Designing Appropriate Plant Sterol-Enriched Food in Indonesia. Nutrients 13:2, pages 452.
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Benjamin E. Cuker. 2020. Diet for a Sustainable Ecosystem. Diet for a Sustainable Ecosystem 247 268 .
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T Estiasih & K Ahmadi. (2018) Bioactive compounds from palm fatty acid distillate and crude palm oil. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 131:1, pages 012016.
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Angelina, Mauhibah Yumna, Abdullah, Rita Arbianti, Tania Surya Utami & Heri Hermansyah. (2018) The usage of enzyme in ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction method and its effect on yield extract from Keji Beling ( Strobilanthes crispus. ) leaves . E3S Web of Conferences 67, pages 03002.
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Prasad Ravindra Manjeshwar, Urban D’Souza, Shankar Bhat, Kumar Megur Ramakrishna Bhat & Nayanatara Arunkumar. (2017) EFFECT OF VARIOUS VEGETABLE OILS ON THE LIPID PROFILE AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLAEMIC WISTAR RATS- A COMPARATIVE STUDY. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 4:14, pages 778-782.
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Talita A. Comunian & Carmen S. Favaro-Trindade. (2016) Microencapsulation using biopolymers as an alternative to produce food enhanced with phytosterols and omega-3 fatty acids: A review. Food Hydrocolloids 61, pages 442-457.
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Sami Althwab, Timothy P. Carr, Curtis L. Weller, Ismail M. Dweikat & Vicki Schlegel. (2015) Advances in grain sorghum and its co-products as a human health promoting dietary system. Food Research International 77, pages 349-359.
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Anam Yousaf, Abdul Qadir, Tehmina Anjum & Aqeel Ahmad. (2015) Transcriptional modulation of squalene synthase genes in barley treated with PGPR. Frontiers in Plant Science 6.
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Trevor J Carden, Jiliang Hang, Patrick H Dussault & Timothy P Carr. (2015) Dietary Plant Sterol Esters Must Be Hydrolyzed to Reduce Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption in Hamsters. The Journal of Nutrition 145:7, pages 1402-1407.
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Cynthia T. Srigley & Ermias A. Haile. (2015) Quantification of plant sterols/stanols in foods and dietary supplements containing added phytosterols. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 40, pages 163-176.
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Katerina Naumoska & Irena Vovk. (2015) Analysis of triterpenoids and phytosterols in vegetables by thin-layer chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 1381, pages 229-238.
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M. Homapour, M. Ghavami, Z. Piravi-Vanak & S. E. Hosseini. (2014) Chemical properties of virgin olive oil from Iranian cultivars grown in the Fadak and Gilvan regions. Grasas y Aceites 65:4, pages e043.
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Christopher P. F. Marinangeli & Peter J. H. Jones. (2014) Deconstructing the Paleolithic Diet: Components that Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Current Nutrition Reports 3:2, pages 149-161.
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Iyad Hailat & Robert Helleur. (2014) Identification of fatty acid steryl esters in margarine and corn using direct flow injection ESI-MSn ion trap-mass spectrometry. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 362, pages 24-31.
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Bo Hyun Lee, Timothy P. Carr, Curtis L. Weller, Susan Cuppett, Ismail M. Dweikat & Vicki Schlegel. (2014) Grain sorghum whole kernel oil lowers plasma and liver cholesterol in male hamsters with minimal wax involvement. Journal of Functional Foods 7, pages 709-718.
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Elisa Giambanelli, Federico Ferioli, Bike Koçaoglu, Marjam Jorjadze, Iordanka Alexieva, Nune Darbinyan & L Filippo D'Antuono. (2013) A comparative study of bioactive compounds in primitive wheat populations from Italy, Turkey, Georgia, Bulgaria and Armenia. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 93:14, pages 3490-3501.
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Mariangela Rondanelli, Francesca Monteferrario, Milena Anna Faliva, Simone Perna & Neldo Antoniello. (2013) Key points for maximum effectiveness and safety for cholesterol-lowering properties of plant sterols and use in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 93:11, pages 2605-2610.
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Tim Lubinus, Andreas Barnsteiner, Thomas Skurk, Hans Hauner & Karl-Heinz Engel. (2012) Fate of dietary phytosteryl/-stanyl esters: analysis of individual intact esters in human feces. European Journal of Nutrition 52:3, pages 997-1013.
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Robert Rountree. (2013) Roundoc Rx: Using Nutraceuticals to Complement Drug Treatments. Alternative and Complementary Therapies 19:1, pages 3-8.
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Youngki Park & Timothy P. Carr. (2013) Unsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols regulate cholesterol transporter genes in Caco-2 and HepG2 cell lines. Nutrition Research 33:2, pages 154-161.
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Keisuke Matsuoka, Ebisawa Rie, Saori Yui, Chikako Honda & Kazutoyo Endo. (2012) Competitive solubilization of cholesterol and β-sitosterol with changing biliary lipid compositions in model intestinal solution. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 165:1, pages 7-14.
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Mark M. Ash, Jiliang Hang, Patrick H. Dussault & Timothy P. Carr. (2011) Phytosterol stearate esters elicit similar responses on plasma lipids and cholesterol absorption but different responses on fecal neutral sterol excretion and hepatic free cholesterol in male Syrian hamsters. Nutrition Research 31:7, pages 537-543.
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