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Original Article

Cariologic aspects of xylitol and its use in chewing gum: A review

Pages 116-127 | Received 29 Jun 1993, Accepted 28 Oct 1993, Published online: 02 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (5)

Kauko K. Mäkinen, Jana Olak, Silvia Russak, Mare Saag, Taavo Seedre, Ruth Vasar, Tiiu Vihalemm, Marika Mikelsaar & Pirkko-Liisa Mäkinen. (1998) Polyol-combinant saliva stimulants: a 4-month pilot study in young adults. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 56:2, pages 90-94.
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Kauko K. Mäkinen, Daniel J. Chiego Jr, Peter Allen, Christopher Bennett, Kauko P. Isotupa, Jaakko Tiekso & Pirkko-Liisa Mäkinen. (1998) Physical, chemical, and histologic changes in dentin caries lesions of primary teeth induced by regular use of polyol chewing gums. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 56:3, pages 148-156.
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Lillemor Jannesson, Stefan Renvert & Dowen Birkhed. (1997) Effect of Xylitol in an Enzyme-Containing Dentifrice without Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on Mutans Streptococci in Vivo. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 55:4, pages 212-216.
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Shigeyuki Hamada, Takashi Ooshima, Taku Fijiwara, Takahiro Minami & Shigenobu Kimura. (1996) Development of Preventive Measures Based on the Aetiology of Dental Caries: A Review. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 9:6, pages 349-357.
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Jorma I. Virtanen, Risto S. Bloigu & Markku A. Larmas. (1996) Timing of first restorations before, during, and after a preventive xylitol trial. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 54:4, pages 211-216.
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Articles from other publishers (32)

Nouf Alshibani, Manal Shalabi, Khuloud AlMugbel, Ebtihal AlSaqer, Nouf AlFarraj & Eman Allam. (2022) Xylitol content and acid production of chewing gums available in the markets of Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Dental Journal 34:2, pages 121-128.
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Ejaj Tarif, Kallol Mukherjee, Anjan Barman & Ranjit Biswas. (2019) Are water-xylitol mixtures heterogeneous? An investigation employing composition and temperature dependent dielectric relaxation and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. Journal of Chemical Sciences 131:5.
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Kenji Takeuchi, Mikari Asakawa, Takafumi Hashiba, Toru Takeshita, Youji SaekiYoshihisa Yamashita. (2018) Effects of xylitol-containing chewing gum on the oral microbiota. Journal of Oral Science 60:4, pages 588-594.
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Jamileh M. Lakkis. 2016. Encapsulation and Controlled Release Technologies in Food Systems. Encapsulation and Controlled Release Technologies in Food Systems 236 288 .
Stefan W. Wessel, Henny C. van der Mei, David Morando, Anje M. Slomp, Betsy van de Belt-Gritter, Amarnath Maitra & Henk J. Busscher. (2015) Quantification and Qualification of Bacteria Trapped in Chewed Gum. PLOS ONE 10:1, pages e0117191.
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Gary Hildebrandt & Ignatius K Lee. 1996. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
Satoru Inagaki, Yoji Saeki & Kazuyuki Ishihara. (2011) Funoran-Containing Xylitol Gum and Tablets Inhibit Adherence of Oral Streptococci. Journal of Oral Biosciences 53:1, pages 82-86.
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Kauko K. Mäkinen. (2010) Sugar Alcohols, Caries Incidence, and Remineralization of Caries Lesions: A Literature Review. International Journal of Dentistry 2010, pages 1-23.
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Young-Eun Lee, Youn-Hee Choi, Seong-Hwa Jeong, Hee-Sook Kim, Sung-Hee Lee & Keun-Bae Song. (2008) Morphological Changes in Streptococcus mutans After Chewing Gum Containing Xylitol for Twelve Months. Current Microbiology 58:4, pages 332-337.
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Kauko K. Mäkinen, Pentti Alanen, Pauli Isokangas, Kauko Isotupa, Eva Söderling, Pirkko-Liisa Mäkinen, Wang Wenhui, Wang Weijian, Chen Xiaochi, Wei Yi & Zhang Boxue. (2008) Thirty-nine-month xylitol chewing-gum programme in initially 8-year-old school children: a feasibility study focusing on mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. International Dental Journal 58:1, pages 41-50.
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Fabíola Elias, Arnaldo Pinzan & José Roberto de Magalhães Bastos. (2006) Influência do complexo flúor-xilitol no controle da placa dentária e do sangramento gengival em pacientes herbiátricos com aparelho ortodôntico fixo. Revista Dental Press de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial 11:5, pages 42-56.
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Takashi Matsukubo & Ichiro Takazoe. (2006) Sucrose substitutes and their role in caries prevention. International Dental Journal 56:3, pages 119-130.
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Kauko K. Mäkinen, Kauko P. Isotupa, Pirkko-Liisa Mäkinen, Eva Söderling, Keun Bae Song, Soon Hyeun Nam & Seong Hwa Jeong. (2005) Six-month polyol chewing-gum programme in kindergarten-age children: a feasibility study focusing on mutans streptococci and dental plaque. International Dental Journal 55:2, pages 81-88.
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W. Dan Sneed, James S. Knight & Edward J. SwiftJrJr. (2006) XYLITOL. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 16:2, pages 137-137.
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Gary Hildebrandt & Ignatius K Lee. 1996. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
K.K. Mäkinen. 2004. Functional Foods, Ageing and Degenerative Disease. Functional Foods, Ageing and Degenerative Disease 200 219 .
. (2003) Effect of Bamboo salt-pro on carries-inducing properties of Streptococcus mutans. Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine 3:1, pages 40-45.
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Kauko K. Mäkinen, Kauko P. Isotupa, Taina Kivilompolo, Pirkko‐Liisa Mäkinen, Satu Murtomaa, Juhani Petäjä, Jukka Toivanen & Eva Söderling. (2008) The effect of polyol‐combinant saliva stimulants on S. mutans levels in plaque and saliva of patients with mental retardation . Special Care in Dentistry 22:5, pages 187-193.
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Debra Simons, Susan R. Brailsford, Edwina A. M. Kidd & David Beighton. (2002) The Effect of Medicated Chewing Gums on Oral Health in Frail Older People: A 1‐Year Clinical Trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:8, pages 1348-1353.
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M. Hrimech, D. Mayrand, D. Grenier & L. Trahan. (2001) Xylitol disturbs protein synthesis, including the expression of HSP‐70 and HSP‐60, in Streptococcus mutans . Oral Microbiology and Immunology 15:4, pages 249-257.
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Kauko K. Mäkinen. (2016) The Rocky Road of Xylitol to its Clinical Application. Journal of Dental Research 79:6, pages 1352-1355.
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LeoM Sreebny. (2000) Saliva in health and disease: an appraisal and update. International Dental Journal 50:3, pages 140-161.
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Poul Erik Petersen & Noëline Razanamihaja. (1999) Carbamide-containing polyol chewing gum and prevention of dental caries in schoolchildren in Madagascar. International Dental Journal 49:4, pages 226-230.
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AAa Scheie & OB Fejerskov. (2008) Xylitol in caries prevention: what is the evidence for clinical efficacy?. Oral Diseases 4:4, pages 268-278.
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S. Fure, P. Lingstrom & D. Birkhed. (2016) Effect of Three Months' Frequent Use of Sugar-free Chewing Gum with and without Urea on Calculus Formation. Journal of Dental Research 77:8, pages 1630-1637.
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A.Aa. Scheie, O. Fejerskov & B. Danielsen. (2016) The Effects of Xylitol-containing Chewing Gums on Dental Plaque and Acidogenic Potential. Journal of Dental Research 77:7, pages 1547-1552.
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J. TENOVUO, T. HURME, A. AHOLA, C. SVEDBERG, I. OSTELA, M. LENANDER‐LUMIKARI & M. NEVA. (2008) Release of cariostatic agents from a new buffering fluoride‐ and xylitol‐containing lozenge to human whole saliva in vivo . Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 24:5, pages 325-331.
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Eva Söderling, Luc Trahan, Tuulikki Tammiala‐Salonen & Lari Häkkinen. (2007) Effects of xylitol, xylitolsorbitol, and placebo chewing gums on the plaque of habitual xylitol consumers. European Journal of Oral Sciences 105:2, pages 170-177.
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Peter Lingström, Fredrik Lundgren, Dowen Birkhed, Ichiro Takazoe & Goran Frostell. (2007) Effects of frequent mouthrinses with palatinose and xylitol on dental plaque. European Journal of Oral Sciences 105:2, pages 162-169.
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Daniel Kandelman. (2007) Sugar, alternative sweeteners and meal frequency in relation to caries prevention: new perspectives. British Journal of Nutrition 77:S1, pages S121-S128.
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H. Schiweck & S. C. Ziesenitz. 1996. Advances in Sweeteners. Advances in Sweeteners 56 84 .
K.K. Makinen, C.A. Bennett, P.P. Hujoel, P.J. Isokangas, K.P. Isotupa, H.R. PapeJrJr & PL Makinen. (2016) Xylitol Chewing Gums and Caries Rates: A 40-month Cohort Study. Journal of Dental Research 74:12, pages 1904-1913.
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