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Original Article

Styloid Syndrome in Absence of an Elongated Process

Pages 347-356 | Received 20 Jan 1968, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (6)

Fulvia Costantinides, Federico Della Flora, Ingrid Tonni, Christiane Bodin, Gabriele Bazzocchi, Mary Louise Artero, Gaetano Castronovo, Erica Vettori, Vanessa Nicolin & Roberto Di Lenarda. (2021) Elongation of the styloid processes in kidney-transplanted patients: The role of ectopic calcification as possible cause of Eagle syndrome. CRANIO® 39:4, pages 321-325.
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Fulvia Costantinides, Gabriele Vidoni, Christiane Bodin & Roberto Di Lenarda. (2013) Eagle’s Syndrome: Signs and Symptoms. CRANIO® 31:1, pages 56-60.
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Wesley E. Shankland II. (2010) Anterior Throat Pain Syndromes: Causes for Undiagnosed Craniofacial Pain. CRANIO® 28:1, pages 50-59.
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Robert L. Talley, Gerald J. Murphy, Stephen D. Smith, Michael A. Baylin & Jack L. Haden. (1990) Standards for the History, Examination, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD): A Position Paper. CRANIO® 8:1, pages 60-77.
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Articles from other publishers (86)

Nagaraj Maradi, Yogeesha Sadashivappa Beesanahalli, Akshay Pawar, Tanvi Jadhav & Shreya Deshpande. (2023) An unusual case of excessive angulation of styloid process and ossified stylohyoid complex causing Eagle’s syndrome: a case report. The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology 39:1.
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Serena Pagano, Vittorio Ricciuti, Fabrizio Mancini, Francesca Romana Barbieri, Fabrizio ChegaiAlessandra Marini, Daniele Marruzzo, Riccardo Paracino & Riccardo Antonio Ricciuti. (2023) Eagle syndrome: An updated review. Surgical Neurology International 14, pages 389.
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Priya Jeyaraj. (2021) Histopathological Analysis of Elongated Styloid Processes: A New Light on Etiopathogenesis of Eagle’s Syndrome. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 74:S3, pages 4510-4520.
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Max Heiland. (2022) Das Eagle-SyndromEagle’s syndrome. Die MKG-Chirurgie 15:4, pages 335-342.
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Dheeraj V. Lambor, Radhika Ranganath Shetgaunkar & Carnegie De Sa. (2020) Stylalgia: Our Experience of 101 Cases Treated by Intraoral Styloidectomy. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 74:S2, pages 2198-2204.
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Annuradha Dey & Srijon Mukherji. (2020) Eagle’s Syndrome: A Diagnostic Challenge and Surgical Dilemma. Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery 21:2, pages 692-696.
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Malarvizhi Ravisankar & Gowri Shankar Murugesan. (2020) Evaluation of Eagle’s Syndrome and Assessment of Post-operative Outcome of Excision of Elongated Styloid Process: A Prospective Study, in Tertiary Care Centre, India. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 74:2, pages 150-157.
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Devansh DevArchana Rani. (2022) MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF THE STYLOID PROCESS AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, pages 16-17.
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Devendra Jadav, Tanuj Kanchan, Raghvendra Singh Shekhawat, Vikas Meshram & Manish Tak. (2022) Elongated styloid process: An incidental autopsy finding of clinical and medico-legal significance. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 87, pages 102334.
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Sogol Ghassemzadeh, Luca Sbricoli, Anna Chiara Frigo & Christian Bacci. (2020) Incidental findings detected with panoramic radiography: prevalence calculated on a sample of 2017 cases treated at a major Italian trauma and cancer centre. Oral Radiology 37:3, pages 507-517.
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Adam D. Rubin, Juliana CodinoPasquale BottalicoSheila ParrishCristina Jackson‐Menaldi. (2021) Hyoid Bone Syndrome and Dysphonia: Can Throat Pain Affect the Voice?. The Laryngoscope 131:7.
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Mamoru Wakoh, Tazuko K. Goto, Kenichi Matsuzaka, Takahiko Shibahara & Takashi Kamio. (2020) Sialo-cutaneous fistula with ectopic submandibular gland sialolith, revealing a hidden ipsilateral enlarged and elongated styloid process: a consideration based on CT findings. Oral Radiology 37:2, pages 336-344.
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Yume Suzuki, Naoki Toma, Yusuke Kuroda, Yoichi Miura, Masato Shiba, Ryuta Yasuda & Hidenori Suzuki. (2020) Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Formation as Eagle Jugular Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review. World Neurosurgery 144, pages 154-161.
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Kwang Hyun Byun, Jung Hyun Ahn, Sang Joon Lee & Seung Hoon Woo. (2020) A Case of Eagle’s Syndrome Treated with Carbon Dioxide Laser. Medical Lasers 9:1, pages 71-75.
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M.A. Muñoz-Leija, F.O. Ordóñez Rivas, F.J. Barrera-Flores, J.L. Treviño-González, R. Pinales-Razo, S. Guzmán-López, R.E. Elizondo-Omaña & A. Quiroga-Garza. (2020) A proposed extension to the elongated styloid process definition: A morphological study with high-resolution tomography computer. Morphologie 104:345, pages 117-124.
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Jurek Olszewski, Jarosław Miłoński & Anna Jałocha-Kaczka. (2019) A RARE CASE OF LATE DIAGNOSIS OF ELONGATED STYLOID PROCESS SYNDROME. Journal of Hearing Science 9:4, pages 33-36.
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Ahmed Elakkad, Griselda Teresa Romero-Sanchez, Reza Forghani & Lawrence E. Ginsberg. (2019) Styloid Process Osteoradionecrosis. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 43:3, pages 472-474.
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Ayşenur YILDIZ, Berceste POLAT AKMANSOY & Filiz NAMDAR PEKİNER. (2018) EAGLE SYNDROME: REPORT OF A CASE AND A REVIEW OF LITERATURE. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, pages 391-395.
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Constantino Ledesma-Montes, Juan Carlos Hernández-Guerrero & María Dolores Jiménez-Farfán. (2018) Length of the ossified stylohyoid complex and Eagle syndrome. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 275:8, pages 2095-2100.
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Soledad Salega & Mariana Fabra. (2018) First evidence of elongated styloid process in two female archaeological individuals from Córdoba hills, Argentina (late Holocene). International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 28:4, pages 458-463.
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Hideaki Kato, Sanae Kanno, Jun Ohtaki, Yoshimi Nakamura, Katsumasa Kobayashi & Yasuhiro Aoki. (2018) An autopsy case of nearly complete ossification of the stylohyoid chain: Eagle syndrome in forensic aspect. Legal Medicine 32, pages 19-22.
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Arvind Badhey, Ameya Jategaonkar, Alexander Joseph Anglin Kovacs, Sameep Kadakia, Peter Paul De Deyn, Yadranko Ducic, Stimson Schantz & Edward Shin. (2017) Eagle syndrome: A comprehensive review. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 159, pages 34-38.
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Thanuja Ramadoss & Karan Sha. (2017) Assessment of the Styloid Process by Cone Beam Computed Tomography. International Journal of Radiology & Radiation Therapy 2:5.
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S. Spalthoff, R. Zimmerer, O. Dittmann, F. Tavassol, J. Dittmann, N.-C. Gellrich & P. Jehn. (2016) Piezoelectric surgery and navigation: a safe approach for complex cases of Eagle syndrome. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 45:10, pages 1261-1267.
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Aparna Gullapalli. (2016) BILATERAL PARTIAL OSSIFICATION OF STYLOHYOID LIGAMENT: A CASE REPORT. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 3:72, pages 3949-3950.
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Gulcan Coskun Akar, Esin Alpoz, Figen Govsa & Gunnur Lomcali. (2016) Does the state of dentition effect the type of stylohyoid chain calcification pattern?. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 38:7, pages 817-823.
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Mohammad Shakeel, Iram Khan, Gaurav Kumar & Ritu Sharma. (2016) EAGLE’S SYNDROME: OUR CURRENT EXPERIENCE OF THE DISEASE AND LITERATURE REVIEW. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 5:25, pages 1319-1323.
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G. Gayathri, P. Elavenil, B. Sasikala, M. Pathumai & V.B. Krishnakumar Raja. (2016) ‘Stylo-mandibular complex’ fracture from a maxillofacial surgeon's perspective – review of the literature and proposal of a management algorithm. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 45:3, pages 297-303.
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Yoshimitsu Saito, Yasuhiro Miyamoto, Aibi Akashi, Masatoshi Akutsu, Satoko Fujita, Koushi Mikami, Shigeru Kasugai, Manabu Nakamura, Yoshihiro Akazawa, Yuichiro Yaguchi, Shoji Watanabe & Izumi Koizuka. (2016) Two Cases of Hyoid Bone Syndrome. Practica oto-rhino-laryngologica. Suppl. 147:0, pages 50-51.
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Yoshimitsu Saito, Yasuhiro Miyamoto, Aibi Akashi, Masatoshi Akutsu, Satoko Fujita, Koushi Mikami, Shigeru Kasugai, Manabu Nakamura, Yoshihiro Akazawa, Yuichiro Yaguchi, Shoji Watanabe & Izumi Koizuka. (2016) Two Cases of Hyoid Bone Syndrome. Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 109:3, pages 171-176.
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Rebecca J. Kamil, Nathan J. Gonik, Jimmy S. Lee, Keivan Shifteh & Richard V. Smith. (2014) Transoral Resection of Stylopharyngeus Calcification. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 124:2, pages 158-161.
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Rajanigandha VadgaonkarB. V. MurlimanjuLatha V. PrabhuRajalakshmi RaiMangala M. PaiMamatha TonseP. J. Jiji. (2015) Morphological study of styloid process of the temporal bone and its clinical implications. Anatomy & Cell Biology 48:3, pages 195.
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Colin O'Rourke, Sarwar Attique, Aziz Ur Rehman, Jean Saunders & John E. Fenton. (2014) Hyoid Bone Tenderness as a Clinical Indicator of Laryngeal Pathology. Journal of Voice 28:6, pages 835-837.
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Hubert Hardy, Benjamin Guichard, Mickael Eliezer, Olivier Choussy, Jean-Marc Péron & Olivier Trost. (2014) Unilateral complete articulated ossification of the stylohyoid apparatus: case report and review of the literature. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 36:9, pages 941-945.
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Vandana Pavithranand. (2014) Eagle's syndrome-cause for atypical facial pain-case report and review. Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy (India Section) 28:3, pages 97-99.
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Chang-Sig MoonBaek-Soo LeeYong-Dae KwonByung-Jun ChoiJung-Woo LeeHyun-Woo LeeSun-Ung YunJoo-Young Ohe. (2014) Eagle's syndrome: a case report. Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 40:1, pages 43.
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Noah Stern, Cristina Jackson-Menaldi & Adam D. Rubin. (2013) Hyoid Bone Syndrome: A Retrospective Review of 84 Patients Treated with Triamcinolone Acetonide Injections. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 122:3, pages 159-162.
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Francisco Carlos Sancio-Gonçalves, Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães de Abreu, José Mário Netto Soares, Sérgio Antonucci Amaral, Fernando Marques Barbosa Porfírio, Marcelo Drummond Naves & Evandro Neves Abdo. (2013) Stylohyoid complex ossification in temporomandibular disorder: A case-control study. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 109:2, pages 79-82.
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G Roopashri, MR Vaishali, Maria Priscilla David, Muqeet Baig & Uma Shankar. (2012) Evaluation of Elongated Styloid Process on Digital Panoramic Radiographs. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13:5, pages 618-622.
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Utku Aydil, Yusuf Kizil & Ahmet Köybaşioğlu. (2011) Less known non-infectious and neuromusculoskeletal system-originated anterolateral neck and craniofacial pain disorders. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 269:1, pages 9-16.
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Chandramani B. More & Mukesh Khemchand Asrani. (2011) Eagle’s Syndrome: Report of Three Cases. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 63:4, pages 396-399.
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Gillian M. Johnson, Nik M. Rosdy & Stuart J. Horton. (2011) Manual therapy assessment findings in patients diagnosed with Eagle’s Syndrome: A case series. Manual Therapy 16:2, pages 199-202.
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Maria Piagkou, Sophia Anagnostopoulou, Konstantinos Kouladouros & Giannoulis Piagkos. (2009) Eagle's syndrome: A review of the literature. Clinical Anatomy 22:5, pages 545-558.
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J.N.St.J. Blythe, N.S. Matthews & S. Connor. (2009) Eagle’s syndrome after fracture of the elongated styloid process. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 47:3, pages 233-235.
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