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Original Article

Tympanic Membrane Part II.: Pars Flaccida

Pages 515-532 | Received 18 Feb 1968, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (12)

Friederike Pohl, Gerrit Paasche, Thomas Lenarz & Robert Schuon. (2017) Tympanometric measurements in conscious sheep - a diagnostic tool for pre-clinical middle ear implant studies. International Journal of Audiology 56:1, pages 53-61.
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Lars-Eric Stenfors, Jacob Sadé, Sten Hellström, Matti Anniko. (2001) How can the Hooded Seal Dive to a Depth of 1000 m Without Rupturing its Tympanic Membrane? A Morphological and Functional Study. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 121:6, pages 689-695.
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Yoshikazu Igarashi & Seiichi Kawamata. (1993) The Fine Structure of the Guinea Pig Tympanic Membrane with Special Reference to the Fiber Arrangement. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 113:sup504, pages 140-142.
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Haruhiko Masutani, Yoshiaki Nakai, Masahiko Sugita, Kazuhiro Ohashi, Makoto Moriguchi & Kazuhiro Matsunaga. (1991) Microvasculature of the Tympanic Membrane. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 111:sup486, pages 99-104.
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J. J. Grote, D. Bakker, S. C. Hesseling & C. A. Van Blitterswijk. (1989) Tympanic Membrane Structure during a Staphylococcus Aureus-induced. Middle Ear Infection: A Study in the Rat Middle Ear. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 107:3-4, pages 225-234.
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Louise Widemar, Sten Hellström & Lars-Eric Stenfors. (1986) Different Structural Changes in Membrana Shrapnelli in Serous and Purulent Otitis Media An Experimental Study in the Rat. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 102:3-4, pages 266-273.
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Louise Widemar, Gunnar D. Bloom, Sten Hellström & Lars-Eric Stenfors. (1984) Mast Cells in the Pars Flaccida of the Tympanic Membrane. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 98:sup418, pages 115-117.
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L. Widemar, P. E. Alm, G. D. Bloom, S. Hellström & L.-E. Stenfors. (1984) Membrana Shrapnelli of Maturing Rats: The Occurrence of Mast Cells, and Histamine Content in Relation to Otitis Media with Effusion. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 98:3-4, pages 302-307.
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Lars-Eric Stenfors, Bengt Salén & Bengt Winblad. (1980) The Healing Pattern of Experimental Pars Flaccida Perforations. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 90:1-6, pages 267-274.
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L. E. Stenfors, B. Salén & B. Winblad. (1979) The Role of the Pars Flaccida in the Mechanics of the Middle Ear. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 88:1-6, pages 395-400.
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D. J. Lim. (1970) Human Tympanic Membrane. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 70:3, pages 176-186.
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Chang-Hee Kim & Jung Eun Shin. (2018) Hemorrhage within the tympanic membrane without perforation. Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery 47:1.
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Takenori Miyashita, James L. Burford, Young-Kwon Hong, Haykanush Gevorgyan, Lisa Lam, Nozomu Mori & Janos Peti-Peterdi. (2013) Localization and proliferation of lymphatic vessels in the tympanic membrane in normal state and regeneration. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 440:3, pages 371-373.
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Jef Aernouts & Joris J. J. Dirckx. (2010) Elastic characterization of the gerbil pars flaccida from in situ inflation experiments. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 10:5, pages 727-741.
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Magnus Von Unge, Jan A.N. Buytaert & Joris J.J. Dirckx. (2011) Anatomical Boundary of the Tympanic Membrane Pars Flaccida of the Meriones unguiculatus (Mongolian Gerbil). The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 294:6, pages 987-995.
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Peter Luke Santa Maria, Sharon Leanne Redmond, Marcus David Atlas & Reza Ghassemifar. (2010) Histology of the healing tympanic membrane following perforation in rats. The Laryngoscope 120:10, pages 2061-2070.
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Firas Kassem, Dov Ophir, Joelle Bernheim & Gilead Berger. (2010) Morphology of the human tympanic membrane annulus. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 142:5, pages 682-687.
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Stefan L. R. Gea, Willem F. Decraemer, Robert W. J. Funnell, Joris J. J. Dirckx & Hannes Maier. (2009) Tympanic Membrane Boundary Deformations Derived from Static Displacements Observed with Computerized Tomography in Human and Gerbil. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 11:1, pages 1-17.
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John J. Rosowski, Jeffrey Tao Cheng, Michael E. Ravicz, Nesim Hulli, Maria Hernandez-Montes, Ellery Harrington & Cosme Furlong. (2009) Computer-assisted time-averaged holograms of the motion of the surface of the mammalian tympanic membrane with sound stimuli of 0.4–25kHz. Hearing Research 253:1-2, pages 83-96.
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Pierre Parent & Jont B. Allen. (2007) Wave model of the cat tympanic membrane. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 122:2, pages 918-931.
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Peter L. Santa Maria, Marcus D. Atlas & Reza Ghassemifar. (2007) Chronic tympanic membrane perforation: a better animal model is needed. Wound Repair and Regeneration 15:4, pages 450-458.
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Marie E. Chapla, Douglas P. Nowacek, Sentiel A. Rommel & Valerie M. Sadler. (2007) CT scans and 3D reconstructions of Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) heads and ear bones. Hearing Research 228:1-2, pages 123-135.
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P. Tran Ba Huy. (2006) Otites moyennes chroniques. Histoire élémentaire et formes cliniques. EMC - Oto-rhino-laryngologie 1:1, pages 1-25.
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Christina Larsson, Joris J. J Dirckx, Dan Bagger-Sjöbäck & Magnus von Unge. (2005) Pars Flaccida Displacement Pattern in Otitis Media with Effusion in the Gerbil. Otology & Neurotology 26:3, pages 337-343.
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P. Tran Ba Huy. (2005) Otitis media crónica. Historia natural y formas clínicas. EMC - Otorrinolaringología 34:2, pages 1-27.
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Christina Larsson, Magnus von Unge, Joris J. J. Dirckx, Willem F. Decraemer & Dan Bagger-Sj??b??ck. (2001) Displacement Pattern of the Normal Pars Flaccida in the Gerbil. Otology & Neurotology 22:4, pages 558-566.
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