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Original Article

Contraction Properties and Functional Morphology of the Avian Stapedius Muscle

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Pages 20-26 | Received 30 Jun 1978, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

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Read on this site (2)

S. A. Counter & E. Borg. (1982) The Avian Stapedius Muscle. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 94:1-6, pages 267-274.
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Articles from other publishers (20)

Tomasz Wojciechowski, Tymon Skadorwa, Jean-Gualbert Nève de Mévergnies & Kazimierz Niemczyk. (2019) Microtomographic morphometry of the stapedius muscle and its tendon. Anatomical Science International 95:1, pages 31-37.
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Raf Claes, Pieter G. G. Muyshondt, Luc Van Hoorebeke, Jelle Dhaene, Joris J. J. Dirckx & Peter Aerts. (2017) The effect of craniokinesis on the middle ear of domestic chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) . Journal of Anatomy 230:3, pages 414-423.
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S.A. Counter, Leo H. Buchanan, Fernando Ortega, Jeannette van der Velde & Erik Borg. (2011) Assessment of auditory brainstem function in lead-exposed children using stapedius muscle reflexes. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 306:1-2, pages 29-37.
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Luis Ángel Vallejo Valdezate. (2008) Respuesta. Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española 59:2, pages 88-89.
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Luis Ángel Vallejo Valdezate. (2008) Replay. Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition) 59:2, pages 88-89.
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James C. Saunders, R. Keith Duncan, Daryl E. Doan & Yehudah L. Werner. 2000. Comparative Hearing: Birds and Reptiles. Comparative Hearing: Birds and Reptiles 13 69 .
Geoffrey A Manley, Grit Taschenberger & Horst Oeckinghaus. (1999) Influence of contralateral acoustic stimulation on distortion-product and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in the barn owl. Hearing Research 138:1-2, pages 1-12.
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J. Matthias StarckJ. Matthias Starck. 1995. Comparative Anatomy of the External and Middle Ear of Palaeognathous Birds. Comparative Anatomy of the External and Middle Ear of Palaeognathous Birds 122 129 .
S. Grassi, D. Bambagioni, F. Ottaviani & G. Serafini. (1993) Acoustic structure of vocalization and stapedius muscle activity during vocal development in chickens (Gallus gallus). Journal of Comparative Physiology A 172:4, pages 473-479.
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Silvarosa Grassi, Fabrizio Ottaviani & Domenico Bambagioni. (1990) Vocalization-related stapedius muscle activity in different age chickens (Gallus gallus), and its role in vocal development. Brain Research 529:1-2, pages 158-164.
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Silvarosa Grassi, Fabrizio Ottaviani & Domenico Bambagioni. (1989) Vocalization and stapedius muscle activity evoked by local electrical stimulation of midbrain in the chicken (Gallus gallus). Brain Research 490:2, pages 345-349.
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Silvarosa Grassi, Franco Magni & Fabrizio Ottaviani. (1988) Mechanisms controlling vocalization-evoked stapedius muscle activity in chickens (Gallus gallus). Journal of Comparative Physiology A 162:4, pages 525-532.
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S.A Counter, E Hellstrand & E Borg. (1987) A histochemical characterization of muscle fiber types in the avian M. stapedius. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 86:1, pages 185-187.
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Horst Oeckinghaus. (1985) Modulation of activity in starling cochlear ganglion units by middle-ear muscle contractions, perilymph movements and lagena stimuli. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 157:5, pages 643-655.
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James C. Saunders. (1985) Auditory structure and function in the bird middle ear: An evaluation by SEM and capacitive probe. Hearing Research 18:3, pages 253-268.
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ERIK BORG, S. ALLEN COUNTER & GÜNTER RÖSLER. 1984. The Acoustic Reflex. The Acoustic Reflex 63 99 .
Horst Oeckinghaus & Johann Schwartzkopff. (1983) Electrical and acoustical activation of the middle ear muscle in a songbird. Journal of Comparative Physiology ? A 150:1, pages 61-67.
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E Borg, S.A Counter & J Lännergren. (1982) Analysis of the avian middle ear muscle contraction by strain gauge and volume and impedance change measures. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 71:4, pages 619-621.
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Romuald Wróblewski, Matti Anniko & Lars Edström. (1981) A new type of striated muscle in mammalian body: Morphological, histochemical, and x-ray microanalytical observations of stapedius muscle in guinea pig. Journal of Ultrastructure Research 76:1, pages 46-56.
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S. A. COUNTER, E. BORG & J. LÄNNERGREN. (2008) Basic contraction properties of the avian stapedius muscle. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 111:1, pages 105-108.
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