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Original Article

Gas Chromatographic Determination of Amphetamine in Blood, Tissue, and Urine

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Pages 137-143 | Received 22 Dec 1969, Accepted 29 Jun 1970, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

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Naresh C. Jain, Robert D. Budd & Thomas C. Sneath. (1975) Rapid Mass Screening and Confirmation of Urinary Amphetamine and Methamphetamine by Gas Chromatography. Clinical Toxicology 8:2, pages 211-224.
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Jorgen Vessman, Per Hartvig & Magnus Molander. (1973) Electron Capture Gas Chromatography of Tertiary Amines After a Demethylation Reaction to Secondary Amines. Analytical Letters 6:8, pages 699-707.
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J. Sundari, S. Amuthalakshmi & C.N. Nalini. (2020) Review on analytical methods for quantification of ADHD drugs in human biological samples. Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 39:1, pages 130-156.
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Daniel Hoops, Lauren M. Reynolds, Jose-Maria Restrepo-Lozano & Cecilia Flores. (2018) Dopamine Development in the Mouse Orbital Prefrontal Cortex Is Protracted and Sensitive to Amphetamine in Adolescence. eneuro 5:1, pages ENEURO.0372-17.2017.
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M.-H. Ghysel-Laporte, P. Sibille & N. Milan. 2012. Traité De Toxicologie Médico-judiciaire. Traité De Toxicologie Médico-judiciaire 455 505 .
J F Brien, J E Peachey, B J Rogers & J C Kitney. (1977) Amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour and brain concentrations of amphetamine and its hydroxylated metabolites in mice. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 29:1, pages 49-50.
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A Jori & S Caccia. (1975) Further studies on brain concentrations of amphetamine and its metabolites in strains of mice showing different sensitivity to pharmacological effects of amphetamine. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 27:11, pages 886-888.
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A Jori & S Caccia. (1974) Distribution of amphetamine and its hydroxylated metabolites in various areas of the rat brain. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 26:9, pages 746-748.
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A Jori, E Dolfini, G Tognoni & S Garattini. (1973) Differential effects of amphetamine, fenfluramine and norfenfluramine stereoisomers on the increase of striatum homovanillic acid in rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 25:4, pages 315-318.
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Ken W. Day, James Aldred & Barry Hudson. 2001. Karch's Pathology of Drug Abuse. Karch's Pathology of Drug Abuse 257 304 .
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Stanley D. Glick, Carol A. Gallagher, Lindsay B. Hough, Kent L. Rossman & Isabelle M. Maisonneuve. (1992) Differential effects of ibogaine pretreatment on brain levels of morphine and (+)-amphetamine. Brain Research 588:1, pages 173-176.
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Jarmo S. Salonen. (1990) Determination of the amine metabolites of selegiline in biological fluids by capillary gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 527, pages 163-168.
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Carl Bredo Dahl & K. Gunnar Götestam. (2009) Tissue Level Related Stereotyped Behaviour after Intravenous Amphetamine in Rats. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 58:3, pages 169-174.
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J�rn Arnt, Kerstin Fredricson Over�, John Hyttel & Ruth Olsen. (1984) Changes in rat dopamine- and serotonin function in vivo after prolonged administration of the specific 5-HT uptake inhibitor, citalopram. Psychopharmacology 84:4, pages 457-465.
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Robert D. Budd. (1982) Comparison of methods of analysis for amphetamine and related drugs. Journal of Chromatography A 245:1, pages 129-132.
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Glen B. Baker, Ronald T. Coutts & Ian L. Martin. (1981) Analysis of amines in the central nervous system by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Progress in Neurobiology 17:1-2, pages 1-24.
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S. Garattini & R. Samanin. 1981. Psychotropic Agents. Psychotropic Agents 545 586 .
H. A. J. Struyker-Boudier. 1981. Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors. Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors 385 416 .
C. Bendotti, F. Borsini, M.G. Zanini, R. Samanin & S. Garattini. (1980) Effect of fenfluramine and norfenfluramine stereoisomers on stimulant effects of d-amphetamine and apomorphine in the rat. Pharmacological Research Communications 12:6, pages 567-573.
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David A. Downs. (1979) Interactions of acetylmethadol or methadone with other drugs in rhesus monkeys. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 10:3, pages 407-414.
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S. R. Bareggi, R. E. Becker, B. Ginsburg & E. Genovese. (1979) Paradoxical effect of amphetamine in an endogenous model of the hyperkinetic syndrome in a hybrid dog: Correlation with amphetamine and p-hydroxyamphetamine blood levels. Psychopharmacology 62:3, pages 217-224.
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S. R. Bareggi, R. Gomeni & R. E. Becker. (1978) Stereotyped behavior and hyperthermia in dogs: Correlation with the levels of amphetamine and p-hydroxyamphetamine in plasma and CSF. Psychopharmacology 58:1, pages 89-94.
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David A. Downs & Monique C. Braude. (1977) Time-action and behavioral effects of amphetamine, ethanol, and acetylmethadol. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 6:6, pages 671-676.
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Albert J. Siemens. (1977) Effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the disposition of d-amphetamine in the rat. Life Sciences 20:11, pages 1891-1904.
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John Jonsson. (2009) On the Aromatic Hydroxylation of Amphetamine in Rat Liver Microsomes and Perfused Liver Preparations: Effects of Long-term Administration. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 40, pages 517-528.
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John Jonsson. (2009) On the Aromatic Hydroxylation of Amphetamine in Rat Liver Microsomes and Perfused Liver Preparations: Effects of Long‐term Administration. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 40:4, pages 517-528.
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Armanda Jori, Silvio Caccia & Silvio Garattini. (1977) Possible storage of (+)-amphetamine in catecholaminergic terminals of the striatum and brainstem. European Journal of Pharmacology 41:3, pages 275-279.
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Roberto Latini, Gian Franco Placidi, Emma Riva, Pantaleo Fornaro, Maurizio Guarneri & Paolo Lucio Morselli. (1977) Kinetics of distribution of amphetamine in cats. Psychopharmacology 54:2, pages 209-215.
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Tommy Lewander. 1977. Cocaine and Other Stimulants. Cocaine and Other Stimulants 201 213 .
K.K. Midha, I.J. McGilveray, S.P. Bhatnagar & J.K. Cooper. (1976) GLC identification and determination of 3,4‐methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) from plasma and urine. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 65:2, pages 188-197.
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Thomas P. Jerussi & Stanley D. Glick. (1976) Drug-induced rotation in rats without lesions: Behavioral and neurochemical indices of a normal asymmetry in nigro-striatal function. Psychopharmacology 47:3, pages 249-260.
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P. L. Morselli, G. F. Placidi, C. Maggini, R. Gomeni, M. Guazelli, G. De Lisio, S. Standen & G. Tognoni. (1976) An integrated approach for the evaluation of psychotropic drug in man. Psychopharmacologia 46:2, pages 211-217.
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Jörgen Vessman & Gunilla Rietz. (1974) Determination of di(ethylhexyl) phthalate in human plasma and plasma proteins by electron capture gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A 100:1, pages 153-163.
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David S. Kreuz & Julius Axelrod. (1974) Amphetamine in Human Plasma: A Sensitive and Specific Enzymatic Assay. Science 183:4123, pages 420-421.
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Lars -M. Gunne & Erik Änggård. (2015) Pharmacokinetic studies with amphetamines-relationship to neuropsychiatric disorders. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics 1:6, pages 481-495.
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Gunnar Norheim. (1973) A Fatal Case of Phenmetrazine Poisoning. Journal of the Forensic Science Society 13:4, pages 287-289.
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G. Belvedere, S. Caccia, A. Frigerio & A. Jori. (1973) A specific gas chromatographic method for the detection of p-hydroxyamphetamine and p-hydroxynorephedrine in brain tissue. Journal of Chromatography A 84:2, pages 355-360.
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Naomi Szinai, Robert J. Perchalski, Richard H. Hammer, B.Joe Wilder & Richard R. Streiff. (1973) GLC Determination of 1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-aminopropane in Urine. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 62:8, pages 1376-1378.
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E. Änggård, T. Lewander & L.-M. Gunne. 1977. Drug Addiction II. Drug Addiction II 3 275 .
G. Tognoni, P.L. Morselli & S. Garattini. (1972) Amphetamine concentrations in rat brain and human urine after fenproporex administration. European Journal of Pharmacology 20:1, pages 125-126.
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Lars-M. Gunne & Erik Änggård. 1974. Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics. Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics 297 313 .
K.D.R. Setchell & J.D.H. Cooper. (1971) A routine method for the detection and quantitation of amphetamine in urine. Clinica Chimica Acta 35:1, pages 67-72.
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Tommy Lewander. (2009) On the Presence of p ‐Hydroxynorephedrine in the Rat Brain and Heart in Relation to Changes in Catecholamine Levels after Administration of Amphetamine . Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 29:1, pages 33-48.
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Tommy Lewander. (1971) Effects of chronic amphetamine intoxication on the accumulation in the rat brain of labelled catecholamines synthesized from circulating tyrosine-14C and dopa-3H. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv f�r Pharmakologie 271:3, pages 211-233.
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Tommy Lewander. (1971) A mechanism for the development of tolerance to amphetamine in rats. Psychopharmacologia 21:1, pages 17-31.
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E. �ngg�rd, L. -M. Gunne, L. -E. J�nsson & F. Niklasson. (1970) Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on amphetamine dependent subjects. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 3:1, pages 3-11.
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