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Original Article

Polymeric Forms of Free Light Chains in Serum from Normal Individuals and from Patients with Renal Diseases

Pages 447-452 | Received 19 Dec 1975, Accepted 27 Mar 1976, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (7)

Laura Caponi, Nadia Romiti, Elona Koni, Annarita Di Fiore, Aldo Paolicchi & Maria Franzini. (2020) Inter-assay variability in automated serum free light chain assays and their use in the clinical laboratory. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 57:2, pages 73-85.
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Batia Kaplan, Esther Ganelin-Cohen, Sizilia Golderman & Avi Livneh. (2019) Diagnostic utility of kappa free light chains in multiple sclerosis. Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 19:4, pages 277-279.
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J. Heino, A. Rajamäki & K. Irjala. (1984) Turbidimetric measurement of Bence-Jones proteins using antibodies against free light chains of immunoglobulins. An artifact caused by different polymeric forms of light chains. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 44:2, pages 173-176.
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. (1981) References. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 41:sup157, pages 77-83.
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K. Sølling & N. Ehlers. (1978) Free light chains in serum during short course immunosuppression after corneal transplantation. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 38:4, pages 369-373.
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C. E. Mogensen & K. Sølling. (1977) Studies on renal tubular protein reabsorption: Partial and near complete inhibition by certain amino acids. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 37:6, pages 477-486.
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Articles from other publishers (35)

Christopher W. Farnsworth, Brittany Roemmich, Grant M. Spears, David L. Murray, Angela Dispenzieri & Maria Alice V. Willrich. (2023) Clinical specificity of two assays for immunoglobulin kappa and lambda free light chains. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 0:0.
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Ramona M. Absmeier, Georg J. Rottenaicher, Hristo L. Svilenov, Pamina Kazman & Johannes Buchner. (2022) Antibodies gone bad – the molecular mechanism of light chain amyloidosis. The FEBS Journal 290:6, pages 1398-1419.
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Veronika Džupponová & Gabriel Žoldák. (2023) Aggregation mechanism and branched 3D morphologies of pathological human light chain proteins under reducing conditions. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 221, pages 112983.
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Niclas Rollborn, Jenny Jakobsson, Andrew Campbell, Gunnar Nordin, Mathias Karlsson, Anders Larsson & Kim Kultima. (2023) Accuracy of determination of free light chains (Kappa and Lambda) in plasma and serum by Swedish laboratories as monitored by external quality assessment. Clinical Biochemistry 111, pages 47-53.
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Nga Yeung Tang, Kelly Walewski, Robin Carey-Ballough, Elizabeth Sykes & Qian Sun. (2022) A suspected case of falsely low digoxin and vancomycin concentrations caused by free kappa light chains with PETINIA method. Practical Laboratory Medicine 30, pages e00277.
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Eugenio Galli, Marianna Criscuolo, Luana Fianchi, Umberto Basile & Livio Pagano. (2020) Aggressive Light Chain Myeloma Originating a Double Peak on Serum Electrophoresis: What’s Underneath?. Acta Haematologica 143:1, pages 91-92.
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Shamkant B. Badgujar, Bhupesh C. Mali, Babasaheb Tandale, Siddharth B. Daftary, Sanjeev Lala, Sanjeev Gupta & Vinod P. Gaur. (2019) A cost-effective method for purification and characterization of human urinary albumin. Journal of Chromatography B 1114-1115, pages 31-44.
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Changqiang Chen, Peizhan Chen & Xuqian Fang. (2019) The FLC dimer with lambda type may false-migrate to the position of “albumin” band by urine protein electrophoresis on Sebia agarose gel-based detection system. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 33:2, pages e22658.
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Bharani Vani, Aggarwal Ritu, Sharma Praveen, Malhotra Pankaj & Ranjana Minz. (2018) Excess Free Light Chains in Serum Immunofixation Electrophoresis: Attributes of a Distinctive Pattern. Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion 34:4, pages 632-635.
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Umberto Basile, Francesca Gulli, Laura Gragnani, Cecilia Napodano, Krizia Pocino, Gian Ludovico Rapaccini, Michele Mussap & Anna Linda Zignego. (2017) Free light chains: Eclectic multipurpose biomarker. Journal of Immunological Methods 451, pages 11-19.
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Junfan Ma, Dongyang Jiang, Xiaoting Gong, Wenwei Shao, Zhu Zhu, Weiyan Xu & Xiaoyan Qiu. (2017) Free immunoglobulin light chain (FLC) promotes murine colitis and colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis by activating the inflammasome. Scientific Reports 7:1.
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Kathrin Andrich, Ute Hegenbart, Christoph Kimmich, Niraja Kedia, H. Robert Bergen3rd3rd, Stefan Schönland, Erich Wanker & Jan Bieschke. (2017) Aggregation of Full-length Immunoglobulin Light Chains from Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis (AL) Patients Is Remodeled by Epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Journal of Biological Chemistry 292:6, pages 2328-2344.
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Bhupesh C. Mali, Shamkant B. Badgujar, Kunal K. Shukla & Paresh B. Bhanushali. (2017) A novel approach for the chromatographic purification and peptide mass fingerprinting of urinary free light chains. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 95, pages 331-339.
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Takanari Nakano, Masanori Matsui, Ikuo Inoue, Takuya Awata, Shigehiro Katayama & Takayuki Murakoshi. (2011) Free immunoglobulin light chain: Its biology and implications in diseases. Clinica Chimica Acta 412:11-12, pages 843-849.
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Francesca Lavatelli, Francesca Brambilla, Veronica Valentini, Paola Rognoni, Simona Casarini, Dario Di Silvestre, Vittorio Perfetti, Giovanni Palladini, Gabriele Sarais, Pierluigi Mauri & Giampaolo Merlini. (2011) A novel approach for the purification and proteomic analysis of pathogenic immunoglobulin free light chains from serum. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics 1814:3, pages 409-419.
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Batia Kaplan, Marina Ramirez-Alvarado, Laura Sikkink, Sicilia Golderman, Angela Dispenzieri, Avi Livneh & Gloria Gallo. (2009) Free light chains in plasma of patients with light chain amyloidosis and non-amyloid light chain deposition disease. High proportion and heterogeneity of disulfide-linked monoclonal free light chains as pathogenic features of amyloid disease. British Journal of Haematology 144:5, pages 705-715.
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Klas Böer & Thomas Deufel. (2009) Quantitation of serum free light chains does not compensate for serum immunofixation only when screening for monoclonal gammopathies. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 47:9.
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Batia Kaplan, Marina Ramirez-Alvarado, Angela Dispenzieri, Steve R. Zeldenrust, Nelson Leung, Avi Livneh & Gloria Gallo. (2008) Isolation and biochemical characterization of plasma monoclonal free light chains in amyloidosis and multiple myeloma: a pilot study of intact and truncated forms of light chains and their charge properties. Clinical Chemical Laboratory Medicine 46:3.
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L. Musset & S. Choquet. (2006) Dosage sérique des chaînes légères libres (CLL) d'immunoglobulines : de la biologie à la clinique. Immuno-analyse & Biologie Spécialisée 21:5, pages 270-278.
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V. Foray & C. Chapuis-Cellier. (2005) Apport du dosage des chaînes légères libres d'immunoglobulines dans le diagnostic et le suivi des gammapathies monoclonales à chaînes légères. Immuno-analyse & Biologie Spécialisée 20:6, pages 385-393.
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Ileana Herzum, Harald Renz & Hans Günther Wahl. (2005) Immunochemical Quantification of Free Light Chains in Urine. Clinical Chemistry 51:6, pages 1033-1035.
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Jillian R Tate, Devinder Gill, Ralph Cobcroft & Peter E Hickman. (2003) Practical Considerations for the Measurement of Free Light Chains in Serum. Clinical Chemistry 49:8, pages 1252-1257.
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Roshini S AbrahamM Cristine Charlesworth, Barbara AL OwenLinda M Benson, Jerry A KatzmannCraig B Reeder & Robert A Kyle. (2002) Trimolecular Complexes of λ Light Chain Dimers in Serum of a Patient with Multiple Myeloma. Clinical Chemistry 48:10, pages 1805-1811.
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Arthur R Bradwell, Hugh D Carr-Smith, Graham P Mead, Lian X Tang, Paul J Showell, Mark T Drayson & Roger Drew. (2001) Highly Sensitive, Automated Immunoassay for Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in Serum and Urine. Clinical Chemistry 47:4, pages 673-680.
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F. Boege. (1999) Bence Jones-Proteine. Bence Jones Proteins. LaboratoriumsMedizin 23:9, pages 477-482.
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Harold H. Harrison. (1992) Patient-specific microheterogeneity patterns of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains as revealed by high resolution, two-dimensional electrophoresis. Clinical Biochemistry 25:4, pages 235-243.
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C. R. Tillyer. (1992) The estimation of free light chains of immunoglobulins in biological fluids. International Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Research 22:1-4, pages 152-158.
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Jean-Marc Perini, Betty Dehon, Thérèse Marianne, Michel Foulard & Philippe Roussel. (1987) Evaluation by immunoblotting of the criteria for tubular lesions diagnostic with urinary SDS—PAGE. Clinica Chimica Acta 169:2-3, pages 255-265.
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K. SØLLING, J. SØLLING & J. LANNG NIELSEN. (2009) Polymeric Bence Jones Proteins in Serum in Myleoma Patients with Renal Insufficiency. Acta Medica Scandinavica 216:5, pages 495-502.
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Bruce C. McLeod, Ann L. Viernes & Richard J. Sassetti. (2006) Serum‐free light chain analysis by crossed immunoelectrophoresis: Correlation with plasmapheresis in light chain disease nephropathy. American Journal of Hematology 15:1, pages 75-88.
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Gary S. Hill, Liliane Morel-Maroger, Jean-Philippe Wry, Jean Claude Brouet & Françoise Mignon. (1983) Renal Lesions in Multiple Myeloma: Their Relationship to Associated Protein Abnormalities. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2:4, pages 423-428.
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K. Sølling, J. Sølling & F. K. Rømer. (2009) Free Light Chains of Immunoglobulins in Serum from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Chronic Infections and Pulmonary Cancer. Acta Medica Scandinavica 209:1-6, pages 473-477.
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Brian G. M. Durie, Perry W. Cole, H.‐S. George Chen, Kenneth J. Himmelstein & Sydney E. Salmon. (2008) Synthesis and Metabolism of Bence Jones Protein and Calculation of Tumour Burden in Patients with Bence Jones Myeloma. British Journal of Haematology 47:1, pages 7-19.
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K. Sølling, J. Selling, N. O. Jacobsen & O. Frakjaer Thomsen. (2009) Nonsecretory Myeloma Associated with Nodular Glomerulosclerosis. Acta Medica Scandinavica 207:1-6, pages 137-144.
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J. Sølling & K. Sølling. (2009) Free Light Chains of Immunoglobulins in Amyloidosis. Acta Medica Scandinavica 206:1-6, pages 283-287.
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