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Original Article

Carnitine Concentration in Relation to Enzyme Activities and Substrate Utilization in Human Skeletal Muscles

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Pages 547-552 | Received 03 Feb 1976, Accepted 12 May 1976, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

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Geoffrey F Grant & Tyler Parr. (2000) Decline of life’s energy theory of ageing 1. Revitalisation of energy metabolism and ageing mitochondria. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 10:8, pages 1233-1243.
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John A. Lott & Paul W. Landesman. (1984) The Enzymology of Skeletal Muscle Disorders. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 20:2, pages 153-190.
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Débora Lanznaster, Clément Bruno, Jérôme Bourgeais, Patrick Emond, Ilyess Zemmoura, Antoine Lefèvre, Pascal Reynier, Sébastien Eymieux, Emmanuelle Blanchard, Patrick Vourc'h, Christian R. Andres, Salah Eddine Bakkouche, Olivier Herault, Luc Favard, Philippe Corcia & Hélène Blasco. (2022) Metabolic Profile and Pathological Alterations in the Muscle of Patients with Early-Stage Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Biomedicines 10:6, pages 1307.
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Aman Upadhyay, Kate E. Boyle & Tom L. Broderick. (2021) The Effects of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and Insulin Treatment on Carnitine Biosynthesis and Renal Excretion. Molecules 26:22, pages 6872.
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P. Palma-Granados, A. Haro, I. Seiquer, L. Lara, J. F. Aguilera & R. Nieto. (2017) Similar effects of lysine deficiency in muscle biochemical characteristics of fatty and lean piglets1. Journal of Animal Science 95:7, pages 3025-3036.
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Tom L. Broderick, Frank A. Cusimano, Chelsea Carlson & Leslie K. Tamura. (2017) Acute Exercise Stimulates Carnitine Biosynthesis and OCTN2 Expression in Mouse Kidney. Kidney and Blood Pressure Research 42:3, pages 398-405.
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Swati Jain & Som Nath Singh. (2014) Effect of L-carnitine Supplementation on Nutritional Status and Physical Performance Under Calorie Restriction. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 30:2, pages 187-193.
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Yasuo Kudoh, Shinya Aoyama, Takaaki Torii, Qijie Chen, Daigo Nagahara, Hiromi Sakata & Akihiko Nozawa. (2014) The Effects of Oral <smlcap>L</smlcap>-Carnitine Supplementation on Physical Capacity and Lipid Metabolism in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Nephron Extra 4:1, pages 33-41.
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Tom L. BroderickAdil El MidaouiJean-Louis ChiassonDonghao WangMarek JankowskiJolanta Gutkowska. (2011) The effects of exercise training on γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase and novel organic cation transporter-2 gene expression in the rat. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36:6, pages 781-789.
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Izadi Mojtaba, Cheraghydocheshmeh Maryam, Khorshidi Davood & Kiani Fatemeh. (2009) The effect of chronic l- carnitine l-tartarate supplementation on glucose and lactate concentration and aerobic capacity. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 1:1, pages 2692-2695.
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Eric P. Brass. 2007. Prodrugs. Prodrugs 1125 1148 .
Luc J. C. Loon, Paul L. Greenhaff, D. Constantin‐Teodosiu, Wim H. M. Saris & Anton J. M. Wagenmakers. (2001) The effects of increasing exercise intensity on muscle fuel utilisation in humans. The Journal of Physiology 536:1, pages 295-304.
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R. Gatti, C. B. De Palo, P. Spinella & E. F. De Palo. (1998) Free carnitine and acetyl carnitine plasma levels and their relationship with body muscular mass in athletes. Amino Acids 14:4, pages 361-369.
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M Reynier, JF Brun & A Orsetti. (1998) Effets métaboliques de l'association L-carnitine — L-lysine — méthionine contre placebo au cours d'exercices submaximaux. Science & Sports 13:1, pages 17-25.
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R. C. HARRIS, C. V. LOUISE FOSTER & D. H. SNOW. (2010) Plasma carnitine concentration and uptake into muscle following oral and intravenous administration. Equine Veterinary Journal 27:S18, pages 382-387.
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R. D. Starling, D. L. Costill & W. J. Fink. (1995) Relationships between muscle carnitine, age and oxidative status. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 71:2-3, pages 143-146.
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L. Berchiche, C. Legrand, J. Capiaumont, F. Belleville & P. Nabet. (1994) Effect of l-carnitine and acylcarnitine derivatives on the proliferation and monoclonal antibody production of mouse hybridoma cells in culture. Journal of Biotechnology 34:2, pages 175-183.
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O. J. Heinonen, J. Takala & M. H. Kvist. (1992) Effect of carnitine loading on long-chain fatty acid oxidation, maximal exercise capacity, and nitrogen balance. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 65:1, pages 13-17.
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Jan F. C. Glatz, Ger J. van der Vusse, Miek G. Havenith, Frederik H. van der Veen, Carolien M. H. B. Lucas, Olaf C. K. M. Penn & Hein J. J. Wellens. (1992) Adaptation of energy metabolism of canine latissimus dorsi muscle in response to chronic electrical stimulation. Pflügers Archiv 420:1, pages 1-8.
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K. SAHLIN. (2008) Muscle carnitine metabolism during incremental dynamic exercise in humans. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 138:3, pages 259-262.
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Marco Feraudi & Helmut Weicker. (1985) Effects of training and methandrostenolone (an anabolic steroid) on energy metabolism in the guinea pig: Changes in enzyme activities in gastrocnemius muscle and myocardium. International Journal of Biochemistry 17:11, pages 1191-1205.
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G. Cederblad, J. Larsson & B. Schildt. (1984) Muscle and plasma carnitine levels and urinary carnitine excretion in multiply injured patients on total parenteral nutrition. Clinical Nutrition 2:3-4, pages 143-148.
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Robert C. Tao & Norman N. Yoshimura. (2016) Carnitine Metabolism and Its Application in Parenteral Nutrition. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 4:5, pages 469-486.
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G. Pellegrini, G. Scarlato & M. Moggio. (1980) A hereditary case of lipid storage myopathy with carnitine deficiency. Journal of Neurology 223:2, pages 73-84.
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D. Pongratz, G. H�bner, Th. Deufel, O. Wieland, E. Pongratz & R. Liphardt. (1979) Klinische, morphologische und biochemische Befunde bei CarnitinmangelmyopathienClinical, morphological and biochemical studies on muscle carnitine deficiency. Klinische Wochenschrift 57:18, pages 927-936.
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A. -C. Bylund, T. Bjur�, G. Cederblad, J. Holm, K. Lundholm, M. Sj�str�m, K. A. �ngquist & T. Scherst�n. (1977) Physical training in man. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 36:3, pages 151-169.
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