Advanced search
Publication Cover
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology Volume 18, 1983 - Issue 7
Submit an article Journal homepage
148
Views
61
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Main Causes of Death in Cirrhosis

P. SchlichtingDept. of Pathology and Division of Hepatology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Medical Dept. A, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Medical Depts. B and C, Bispebjerg Hospital, Medical Dept. B, Frederiksberg Hospital, Medical Depts, II, III, and VII, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen; and the University Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Aarhus; Denmark
,
E. ChristensenDept. of Pathology and Division of Hepatology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Medical Dept. A, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Medical Depts. B and C, Bispebjerg Hospital, Medical Dept. B, Frederiksberg Hospital, Medical Depts, II, III, and VII, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen; and the University Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Aarhus; Denmark
,
L. FauerholdtDept. of Pathology and Division of Hepatology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Medical Dept. A, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Medical Depts. B and C, Bispebjerg Hospital, Medical Dept. B, Frederiksberg Hospital, Medical Depts, II, III, and VII, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen; and the University Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Aarhus; Denmark
,
H. PoulsenDept. of Pathology and Division of Hepatology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Medical Dept. A, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Medical Depts. B and C, Bispebjerg Hospital, Medical Dept. B, Frederiksberg Hospital, Medical Depts, II, III, and VII, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen; and the University Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Aarhus; Denmark
,
E. JuhlDept. of Pathology and Division of Hepatology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Medical Dept. A, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Medical Depts. B and C, Bispebjerg Hospital, Medical Dept. B, Frederiksberg Hospital, Medical Depts, II, III, and VII, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen; and the University Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Aarhus; Denmark;Dept. of Pathology and Division of Hepatology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Medical Dept. A, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Medical Depts. B and C, Bispebjerg Hospital, Medical Dept. B, Frederiksberg Hospital, Medical Depts, II, III, and VII, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen; and the University Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Aarhus; Denmark
,
N. TygstrupDept. of Pathology and Division of Hepatology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Medical Dept. A, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Medical Depts. B and C, Bispebjerg Hospital, Medical Dept. B, Frederiksberg Hospital, Medical Depts, II, III, and VII, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen; and the University Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Aarhus; Denmark
& CSL show all
Pages 881-888 | Received 27 Dec 1982, Accepted 17 Jan 1983, Published online: 19 Feb 2010

Citations (61)

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Subscribe to citation updates

Read on this site (1)

E. Christensen, P. Schlichting, P. Kragh Andersen, L. Fauerholdt, G. Schou, B. Vestergaard Pedersen, E. Juhl, H. Poulsen & N. Tygstrup. (1986) Updating Prognosis and Therapeutic Effect Evaluation in Cirrhosis with Cox's Multiple Regression Model for Time-Dependent Variables. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 21:2, pages 163-174.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (60)

Frederico Costa, Bertram Wiedenmann, Christoph Roderburg, Raphael Mohr & Ghassan K. Abou‐Alfa. (2023) Systemic treatment in patients with Child–Pugh B liver dysfunction and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Medicine 12:13, pages 13978-13990.
Crossref
Preetam Nath & Anil C. Anand. (2022) Extrahepatic Manifestations in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology 12:5, pages 1371-1383.
Crossref
Hiroteru Kamimura, Michitaka Imai, Hiroyuki Abe, Aiko Yoshioka, Kanae Hirose, Noriko Ishihara, Toru Ishikawa & Shuji Terai. (2022) Simultaneous muscular hemorrhages in two regions three years after successfully controlling refractory ascites using transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt treatment: a case report. Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology 15:2, pages 433-440.
Crossref
Georgios Demetiou, Aikaterini Augoustaki & Evangelos Kalaitzakis. (2022) Endoscopic management and outcome of non-variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis: A systematic review. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 14:3, pages 164-176.
Crossref
Georgios Demetiou, Aikaterini Augoustaki & Evangelos Kalaitzakis. (2022) Endoscopic management and outcome of non-variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis: A systematic review. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 14:3, pages 163-175.
Crossref
Ronan P. Allencherril, Kyriakos S. Markides & Soham Al Snih. (2022) Liver Disease Among Mexican Americans Aged 67 Years and Older. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 13, pages 215013192211162.
Crossref
Taha Ahmed, Alla Y. Grigorian & Adrian W. Messerli. (2021) Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 22:1, pages 55-67.
Crossref
Sanjeev Arya, Hemant Deshpande, Shantanu Belwal, Preeti Sharma, Punish Sadana, Chandrakant, Faizur Rahman, Mayank Gupta & Bhupesh Uniyal. (2020) Association between cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmias and chronic liver diseases: A narrative review. Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 32, pages 4-12.
Crossref
Prasun Roychowdhury, Mohammad Aftabuddin & Manoj Kumar Pati. (2020) Thermal stress altered growth performance and metabolism and induced anaemia and liver disorder in Labeo rohita . Aquaculture Research 51:4, pages 1406-1414.
Crossref
Stephen E. Roberts, Ann John, Jonathan Brown, Duncan J. Napier, Ronan A. Lyons & John G. Williams. (2019) Early and late mortality following unscheduled admissions for severe liver disease across England and Wales. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 49:10, pages 1334-1345.
Crossref
P. Huebener, M. R. Sterneck, K. Bangert, A. Drolz, A. W. Lohse, S. Kluge, L. Fischer & V. Fuhrmann. (2018) Stabilisation of acute-on-chronic liver failure patients before liver transplantation predicts post-transplant survival. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 47:11, pages 1502-1510.
Crossref
Ichiro Otani, Shiro Oka, Shinji Tanaka, Akiyoshi Tsuboi, Sayoko Kunihara, Yuko Nagaoki, Hiroshi Aikata & Kazuaki Chayama. (2018) Clinical significance of small‐bowel villous edema in patients with liver cirrhosis: A capsule endoscopy study. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 33:4, pages 825-830.
Crossref
N. C. McAvoy, S. Semple, J. M. J. Richards, A. J. Robson, D. Patel, A. G. M. Jardine, K. Leyland, A. S. Cooper, D. E. Newby & P. C. Hayes. (2016) Differential visceral blood flow in the hyperdynamic circulation of patients with liver cirrhosis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 43:9, pages 947-954.
Crossref
Borko Nojkov. (2016) Distinctive aspects of peptic ulcer disease, Dieulafoy's lesion, and Mallory-Weiss syndrome in patients with advanced alcoholic liver disease or cirrhosis. World Journal of Gastroenterology 22:1, pages 446.
Crossref
Seong Ran Jeon & Jin-Oh Kim. (2016) Capsule Endoscopy for Portal Hypertensive Enteropathy. Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2016, pages 1-8.
Crossref
V. R. Patwardhan & A. Cardenas. (2014) Review article: the management of portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia in cirrhosis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 40:4, pages 354-362.
Crossref
Ricardo Badillo & Don C. Rockey. (2014) Hepatic Hydrothorax. Medicine 93:3, pages 135-142.
Crossref
M. Kalafateli, C. K. Triantos, V. Nikolopoulou & A. Burroughs. (2012) Non-variceal Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Review. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 57:11, pages 2743-2754.
Crossref
E. Maillard. (2011) Épidémiologie, histoire naturelle et pathogenèse du carcinome hépatocellulaire. Cancer/Radiothérapie 15:1, pages 3-6.
Crossref
Marie-Luise Berres, Barbara Schnyder, Eray Yagmur, Brett Inglis, Sven Stanzel, Jens J. W. Tischendorf, Alexander Koch, Ron Winograd, Christian Trautwein & Hermann E. Wasmuth. (2009) Longitudinal monocyte Human leukocyte antigen-DR expression is a prognostic marker in critically ill patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Liver International 29:4, pages 536-543.
Crossref
Ivan Gentile, Chiara Viola, Maria Graf, Raffaele Liuzzi, Maria Quarto, Raimondo Cerini, Marcello Piazza & Guglielmo Borgia. (2009) A Simple Noninvasive Score Predicts Gastroesophageal Varices in Patients With Chronic Viral Hepatitis. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 43:1, pages 81-87.
Crossref
F.H. Klebl & J. Schölmerich. (2008) Future expectations in the prophylaxis of intestinal bleeding. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 22:2, pages 373-387.
Crossref
Brennan M.R. Spiegel, Eric Esrailian & Glenn Eisen. (2007) The budget impact of endoscopic screening for esophageal varices in cirrhosis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 66:4, pages 679-692.
Crossref
Ricard Solà, Marco Antonio Álvarez, Belén Ballesté, Silvia Montoliu, Mònica Rivera, Mireia Miquel, Isabel Cirera, Rosa Maria Morillas, Susanna Coll & Ramon Planas. (2006) Probability of liver cancer and survival in HCV-related or alcoholic-decompensated cirrhosis. A study of 377 patients. Liver International 26:1, pages 62-72.
Crossref
Laura E. Targownik, Brennan M.R. Spiegel, Gareth S. Dulai, Hetal A. Karsan & Ian M. Gralnek. (2004) The Cost-Effectiveness of Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient Monitoring in the Prevention of Recurrent Variceal Hemorrhage. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 99:7, pages 1306-1315.
Crossref
Joel H. Rubenstein, Glenn M. Eisen & John M. Inadomi. (2004) A Cost-Utility Analysis of Secondary Prophylaxis for Variceal Hemorrhage. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 99:7, pages 1274-1288.
Crossref
Ramon Planas, Belén Ballesté, Marco Antonio Álvarez, Monica Rivera, Silvia Montoliu, Josep Anton Galeras, Justiniano Santos, Susanna Coll, Rosa Maria Morillas & Ricard Solà. (2004) Natural history of decompensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. A study of 200 patients. Journal of Hepatology 40:5, pages 823-830.
Crossref
Henrik Toft Sørensen, Ane Marie Thulstrup, Lene Mellemkjar, Peter Jepsen, Erik Christensen, Jørgen H Olsen & Hendrik Vilstrup. (2003) Long-term survival and cause-specific mortality in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 56:1, pages 88-93.
Crossref
D.H Van Thiel, A Nadir & N Shah. (2002) Liver transplantation: who and when?. Transplantation Proceedings 34:6, pages 2465-2467.
Crossref
Erwin Kuntz & Hans-Dieter KuntzErwin Kuntz & Hans-Dieter Kuntz. 2002. Hepatology. Hepatology 649 680 .
Dominique-Charles Valla & Françoise Degos. (2001) Chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis: first, eliminate the virus. Journal of Hepatology 34:4, pages 606-609.
Crossref
Jérôme Gournay, Claude Masliah, Thierry Martin, Daniel Perrin & Jean-Paul Galmiche. (2000) Isosorbide mononitrate and propranolol compared with propranolol alone for the prevention of variceal rebleeding. Hepatology 31:6, pages 1239-1245.
Crossref
Bekele Afessa & Paul S Kubilis. (2000) Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients With Hepatic Cirrhosis: Clinical Course and Mortality Prediction. American Journal of Gastroenterology 95:2, pages 484-489.
Crossref
Christophe Pilette, Frédéric Oberti, Christophe Aubé, Marie Christine Rousselet, Pierre Bedossa, Yves Gallois, Hervé Rifflet & Paul Calès. (1999) Non-invasive diagnosis of esophageal varices in chronic liver diseases. Journal of Hepatology 31:5, pages 867-873.
Crossref
RAJIV GUPTA, PRABHA SAWANT, RV PARAMESHWAR, VIKRAM R LELE, PRABHAKAR M KULHALLI & SHRIRAM S MAHAJANI. (2008) Gastric mucosal blood flow and hepatic perfusion index in patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 13:9, pages 921-926.
Crossref
Maram Zakko & Roberto Groszmann. 1998. Diseases of the Liver and Bile Ducts. Diseases of the Liver and Bile Ducts 397 414 .
C Merkel, R Marin, E Enzo, C Donada, G Cavallarin, P Torboli, P Amodio, G Sebastianelli, D Sacerdoti, M Felder, C Mazzaro, P Beltrame & A Gatta. (1996) Randomised trial of nadolol alone or with isosorbide mononitrate for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. The Lancet 348:9043, pages 1677-1681.
Crossref
C. A. Zauner, R. C. Apsner, A. Kranz, L. Kramer, C. Madl, B. Schneider, B. Schneeweiss, K. Ratheiser, F. Stockenhuber & K. Lenz. (1996) Outcome prediction for patients with cirrhosis of the liver in a medical ICU: A comparison of the APACHE scores and liver-specific scoringsystems. Intensive Care Medicine 22:6, pages 559-563.
Crossref
G. Cioni, E. Tincani, A. Cristani, P. Ventura, P. D'Alimonte, C. Sardini, F. Turrini, G. L. Abbati, R. Romagnoli & E. Ventura. (2008) Does the measurement of portal flow velocity have any value in the identification of patients with cirrhosis at risk of digestive bleeding?. Liver 16:2, pages 84-87.
Crossref
Massimo Bolognesi, Carlo Merkel, Simone Bianco, Paolo Angeli, David Sacerdoti, Piero Amodio & Angelo Gatta. (1994) Clinical significance of the evaluation of hepatic reticuloendothelial removal capacity in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 19:3, pages 628-634.
Crossref
E. L. Renner. (1993) Medikamentöse Behandlung der portalen hypertoniePharmacotherapy of portal hypertension. European Surgery 25:3, pages 155-159.
Crossref
GIORGIO CIONI, PIERO D'ALIMONTE, FABIO ZERBINATI, PAOLO VENTURA, ALESSANDRO CRISTANI, ANNALISA VIGNOLI, RENATO ROMAGNOLI & EZIO VENTURA. (2008) Duplex‐Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension and in the analysis of their response to drugs. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 7:4, pages 388-392.
Crossref
N. GRAUDAL, P. LETH, L. MÅRBJERG & A. M. GALLØE. (2009) Characteristics of cirrhosis undiagnosed during life: a comparative analysis of 73 undiagnosed cases and 149 diagnosed cases of cirrhosis, detected in 4929 consecutive autopsies. Journal of Internal Medicine 230:2, pages 165-171.
Crossref
Michael D. Hughes. (2016) Practical Reporting of Bayesian Analyses of Clinical Trials. Drug Information Journal 25:3, pages 381-393.
Crossref
Harold O. Conn, Norman D. Grace, Jaime Bosch, Roberto J. Groszmann, Joan Rodés, Steven C. Wright, Daniel S. Matloff, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Rosemarie L. Fisher, Miguel Navasa, Steven J. Drewniak, Colin E. Atterbury, Jose M. Bordas, Emanuel Lerner & Christina Bramante. (1991) Propranolol in the prevention of the first hemorrhage from esophagogastric varices: A multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Hepatology 13:5, pages 902-912.
Crossref
Tilman Sauerbruch, Gottfried Fischer & Hassan Ansari. (1991) Variceal injection sclerotherapy. Baillière's Clinical Gastroenterology 5:1, pages 131-153.
Crossref
E. Burns, M.A. Parsons & N.D.S. Bax. (1991) Reduced portal hypertension by mechanical increase in liver portal blood flow. The Lancet 337:8743, pages 740-741.
Crossref
Harold O. Conn. (1990) Why is prophylactic portal nondecompressive surgery effective in preventing hemorrhage from esophageal varices?. Hepatology 12:1, pages 166-169.
Crossref
JÜRg Reichen. (1990) Liver function and pharmacological considerations in pathogenesis and treatment of portal hypertension. Hepatology 11:6, pages 1066-1078.
Crossref
Donald J. Murphy, William A. Knaus & Joanne Lynn. (1990) Study population in SUPPORT: Patients (as defined by disease categories and mortality projections), surrogates, and physicians. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 43, pages S11-S28.
Crossref
Justine Meehan Carr. (1989) Disseminated intravascular coagulation in cirrhosis. Hepatology 10:1, pages 103-110.
Crossref
Christian Gluud & Jens H. Henriksen. (1988) Prognostic indicators in alcoholic cirrhotic men. Hepatology 8:2, pages 222-227.
Crossref
Ryoji Tanaka, Tatsuya Itoshima & Hideo Nagashima. (2008) Follow‐up study of 582 liver cirrhosis patients for 26 years in Japan. Liver 7:6, pages 316-324.
Crossref
Jean-Pierre Pascal & Paul Cales. (1987) Propranolol in the Prevention of First Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Hemorrhage in Patients with Cirrhosis of the Liver and Esophageal Varices. New England Journal of Medicine 317:14, pages 856-861.
Crossref
U. Tage‐Jensen, P. Schlichting, H. F. Thomsen, G. Høybye & Aa. C. Thomsen. (2008) Malignancies following long‐term azathioprine treatment in chronic liver disease. Liver 7:2, pages 81-83.
Crossref
Jürg Reichen & Didier Lebrec. (1987) The effect of drugs on the portal circulation. Journal of Hepatology 5:2, pages 235-240.
Crossref
Carin Van Der Rijt & Solko W Schalm. (1985) Quantitative EEG analysis and survival in liver disease. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 61:6, pages 502-504.
Crossref
Erik Christensen, Poul Schlichting, Lis Fauerholdt, Erik Juhl, Hemming Poulsen & Niels Tygstrup. (1985) Changes of laboratory variables with time in cirrhosis: Prognostic and therapeutic significance. Hepatology 5:5, pages 843-853.
Crossref
Hannu U. Saarni, Arno J. Arranto, Arja Rautio & Eero A. Sotaniemi. (1985) Treatment of liver cirrhosis with microsomal enzyme-inducing compound in the rat. Journal of Hepatology 1:5, pages 501-511.
Crossref
Erik Christensen, Poul Schlichting, Per Kragh Andersen, Lis Fauerhoedt, Erik Juhl, Hemming Poulsen & Niels Tygstrup. (1985) A Therapeutic Index That Predicts the Individual Effects of Prednisone in Patients With Cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 88:1, pages 156-165.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.