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Xenobiotica
the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems
Volume 11, 1981 - Issue 5
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Research Article

Studies related to the metabolism of anabolic steroids in the horse: the identification of some 16-oxygenated metabolites of testosterone and a study of the phase II metabolism

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Pages 323-331 | Received 14 Feb 1981, Published online: 22 Sep 2008

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J. Scarth, C. Akre, L. van Ginkel, B. Le Bizec, H. De Brabander, W. Korth, J. Points, P. Teale & J. Kay. (2009) Presence and metabolism of endogenous androgenic–anabolic steroid hormones in meat-producing animals: a review. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 26:5, pages 640-671.
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Articles from other publishers (33)

Levent Dirikolu & Andreas F. Lehner. (2023) A review of current chemistry, pharmacology, and regulation of endogenous anabolic steroids testosterone, boldenone, and nandrolone in horses. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 46:4, pages 201-217.
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Marjaana Viljanto, Zied Kaabia, Polly Taylor, Pamela Hincks, Tessa Muir, Jocelyn Habershon‐Butcher, Ludovic Bailly‐Chouriberry & James Scarth. (2023) Detection of boldenone in the urine of female horses—ex vivo formation versus administration. Drug Testing and Analysis.
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Marjaana Viljanto, Zied Kaabia, Polly Taylor, Tessa Muir, Jocelyn Habershon‐Butcher, Ludovic Bailly‐Chouriberry & James Scarth. (2022) Differentiation of boldenone administration from ex vivo transformation in the urine of castrated male horses. Drug Testing and Analysis 14:5, pages 887-901.
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Laurie De Wilde, Pieter Van Renterghem, Peter Van Eenoo & Michaël Polet. (2020) Development and validation of a fast gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry method for the detection of epiandrosterone sulfate in urine. Drug Testing and Analysis 12:8, pages 1006-1018.
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Michael Polet, Wim Van Gansbeke, Lore Geldof, Koen Deventer & Peter Van Eenoo. (2017) Identification and characterization of novel long‐term metabolites of oxymesterone and mesterolone in human urine by application of selected reaction monitoring GC‐CI‐MS/MS. Drug Testing and Analysis 9:11-12, pages 1673-1684.
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Jenny K. Y. Wong, David K. K. Leung, Peter Curl, Peter J. Schiff, Kenneth K. H. Lam & Terence S. M. Wan. (2017) Evidence of boldenone, nandrolone, 5(10)-estrene-3β-17α-diol and 4-estrene-3,17-dione as minor metabolites of testosterone in equine. Drug Testing and Analysis 9:9, pages 1337-1348.
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Marjaana Viljanto, James Scarth, Pamela Hincks, Lynn Hillyer, Adam Cawley, Craig Suann, Glenys Noble, Christopher J. Walker, Andrew T. Kicman & Mark C. Parkin. (2017) Application of testosterone to epitestosterone ratio to horse urine - a complementary approach to detect the administrations of testosterone and its pro-drugs in Thoroughbred geldings. Drug Testing and Analysis 9:9, pages 1328-1336.
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B. C. MOELLER, R. A. SAMS, J. GUINJAB-CAGMAT, N. J. SZABO, P. COLAHAN & S. D. STANLEY. (2011) An interlaboratory study of the pharmacokinetics of testosterone following intramuscular administration to Thoroughbred horses. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 34:6, pages 588-593.
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James P. Scarth, Phil Teale & Tiia Kuuranne. (2011) Drug metabolism in the horse: a review. Drug Testing and Analysis 3:1, pages 19-53.
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Philip TealeEdward Houghton. (2010) Metabolism of anabolic steroids and their relevance to drug detection in horseracing. Bioanalysis 2:6, pages 1085-1107.
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Andrew R McKinney. (2009) Modern techniques for the determination of anabolic–androgenic steroid doping in the horse. Bioanalysis 1:4, pages 785-803.
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Rachel L. Gomes, Will Meredith, Colin E. Snape & Mark A. Sephton. (2009) Analysis of conjugated steroid androgens: Deconjugation, derivatisation and associated issues. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 49:5, pages 1133-1140.
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S. T. B. Biddle, A. O'Donnell, E. Houghton & C. Creaser. (2009) Metabolism of methyltestosterone in the greyhound. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 23:5, pages 713-721.
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Ed Houghton & Steve Maynard. 2010. Doping in Sports. Doping in Sports 369 409 .
Philip B. Grace, Erica C. Drake, Philip Teale & Edward Houghton. (2008) Quantification of 19-nortestosterone sulphate and boldenone sulphate in urine from male horses using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 22:19, pages 2999-3007.
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Andrew R. McKinney, Craig J. Suann & Allen M. Stenhouse. (2007) A stereochemical examination of the equine metabolism of 17α-methyltestosterone. Analytica Chimica Acta 581:2, pages 377-387.
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M. C. Dumasia. (2003) In vivo biotransformation of 17α‐methyltestosterone in the horse revisited: identification of 17‐hydroxymethyl metabolites in equine urine by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry . Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 17:4, pages 320-329.
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Andrew R. McKinney, Damon D. Ridley & Craig J. Suann. (2001) The metabolism of norethandrolone in the horse: characterization of 16-, 20- and 21-oxygenated metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Journal of Mass Spectrometry 36:2, pages 145-150.
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Karen A. Bean & Jack D. Henion. (1997) Direct determination of anabolic steroid conjugates in human urine by combined high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 690:1-2, pages 65-75.
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D. B. Gower, E. Houghton & A. T. Kicman. 1995. Steroid Analysis. Steroid Analysis 468 526 .
Claudia Schoene, Angus N. R. Nedderman & Edward Houghton. (1994) Preliminary study of the metabolism of 17α-methyltestosterone in horses utilizing gas chromatography–mass spectrometric techniques. The Analyst 119:12, pages 2537-2542.
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B. Le Bizec, M.-P. Montrade, F. Monteau & F. Andre. (1993) Detection and identification of anabolic steroids in bovine urine by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta 275:1-2, pages 123-133.
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E. Houghton, L. Grainger, M. C. Dumasia & P. Teale. (1992) Application of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to steroid analysis in equine sports: Problems with enzyme hydrolysis. Organic Mass Spectrometry 27:10, pages 1061-1070.
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P. Teale & E. Houghton. (1991) The development of a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric screening procedure to detect the administration of anabolic steroids to the horse. Biological Mass Spectrometry 20:3, pages 109-114.
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E. Houghton, M.C. Dumasia, P. Teale, S.J. Smith, J. Cox, D. MarshaII & D.B. Gower. (1990) The use of stable isotopes and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the identification of steroid metabolites in the equine. Steroids 55:10, pages 433-439.
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Ping W. Tang & David L. Crone. (1989) A new method for hydrolyzing sulfate and glucuronyl conjugates of steroids. Analytical Biochemistry 182:2, pages 289-294.
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M. C. Dumasia & E. Houghton. (1988) Biotransformation of 1-dehydrotestosterone in the equine male castrate: Identification of the neutral unconjugated and glucuronic acid conjugated metabolites in horse urine. Biological Mass Spectrometry 17:5, pages 383-392.
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Joe P. Foley. (2002) Equations for chromatographic peak modeling and calculation of peak area. Analytical Chemistry 59:15, pages 1984-1987.
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Lars O. G. Weidolf & Jack D. Henion. (2002) Liquid-solid extraction conditions predicted by liquid chromatography for selective isolation of sulfoconjugated steroids from equine urine. Analytical Chemistry 59:15, pages 1980-1984.
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E. Houghton, M.C. Dumasia, P. Teale, M.S. Moss & Sharon Sinkins. (1986) Development of a gas chromatographic—mass spectrometric method using multiple analytes for the confirmatory analysis of anabolic steroid residues in horse urine. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 383, pages 1-8.
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Minoo C. Dumasia, Edward Houghton & Sharon Sinkins. (1986) Development of a gas chromatographic—mass spectrometric method using multiple analytes for the confirmatory analysis of anabolic steroids in horse urine. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 377, pages 23-33.
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E. Houghton, J. Copsey, M. C. Dumasia, P. E. Haywood, M. S. Moss & P. Teale. (1984) The identification of C-18 neutral steroids in normal stallion urine. Biological Mass Spectrometry 11:2, pages 96-99.
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M. C. Dumasia, E. Houghton, Carol V. Bradley & D. H. Williams. (1983) Studies related to the metabolism of anabolic steriods in the horse: The metabolism of 1-dehydrotestosterone and the use of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry in the identification of steroid conjugates. Biological Mass Spectrometry 10:7, pages 434-440.
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