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Xenobiotica
the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems
Volume 14, 1984 - Issue 5
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Original Article

Aspects of the metabolism of valproic acid

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Pages 375-387 | Received 09 Jun 1983, Published online: 30 Sep 2009

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Read on this site (5)

A. W. Rettenmeier, W. P. Gordon, H. Barnes & T. A. Baillie. (1987) Studies on the metabolic fate of valproic acid in the rat using stable isotope techniques. Xenobiotica 17:10, pages 1147-1157.
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V. Rogiers, Y. Vandenberghe & A. Vercruysse. (1985) Inhibition of gluconeogenesis by sodium valproate and its metabolites in isolated rat hepatocytes. Xenobiotica 15:8-9, pages 759-765.
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Donald J. AbrahamDeepak K. Dalvie & Bernard Testa. 2003. Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery. Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery 1 139 .
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Zhe-Zhe Yuan, Xiang-Wen Kong, Li-Hua Liu, Hui-Xia Zhu & Hua Xiao. (2017) Facile synthesis of CF 3 -substituted dienamides via one-pot tandem reactions. Chinese Chemical Letters 28:7, pages 1469-1472.
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Hirokazu Katayama, Kohki Mizukami, Manami Yasuda & Tomomi Hatae. (2016) Effects of Carnitine on Valproic Acid Pharmacokinetics in Rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 105:10, pages 3199-3204.
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Paul R. Ortiz de Montellano. 2015. Cytochrome P450. Cytochrome P450 111 176 .
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Nicolas Gillet, Fabian Vandermeers, Alix de Brogniez, Arnaud Florins, Annamaria Nigro, Carole François, Amel-Baya Bouzar, Olivier Verlaeten, Eric Stern, Didier M. Lambert, Johan Wouters & Luc Willems. (2012) Chemoresistance to Valproate Treatment of Bovine Leukemia Virus-Infected Sheep; Identification of Improved HDAC Inhibitors. Pathogens 1:2, pages 65-82.
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Kyunghwa Hwang, Sun-Sook Song, Ju-Hee Lee, Min-Chul Shin & Jong-Su Seo. (2012) Development and validation of an LC/MS/MS method for determination of valproic acid and its metabolite 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid in monkey plasma. Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry 55:1, pages 13-17.
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Hsiu-Ying Yu & Yu-Zen Shen. (1991) Pharmacokinetics of Valproic Acid in Guinea-pigs with Biliary Abnormality. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 43:7, pages 470-474.
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Byung Hwa Jung, Bo Jun Kim, Min Sun Lee, Joo Hyun Lee, Ju-Hee Oh & Young-Joo Lee. (2010) Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of toxic metabolites is not related to increased toxicity following high-dose valproic acid in rats. Journal of Applied Toxicology 30:8, pages 775-778.
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Alessandro Palmieri, Serena Gabrielli & Roberto Ballini. (2010) Michael Reaction of Nitroalkanes with β‐Nitroacrylates under a Solid Promoter: Advanced Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Nitro‐Functionalized α,β‐Unsaturated Esters and 1,3‐Butadiene‐2‐carboxylates. Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis 352:9, pages 1485-1492.
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Hsiu-Ying Yu & Yu-Zen Shen. (2002) Concentration-dependent disposition of glucuronide metabolite of valproate. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 54:5, pages 633-639.
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Joerg Darius, Frank P Meyer, Bernhard A Sabel & Ulrike Schroeder. (2000) Influence of Nanoparticles on the Brain-to-serum Distribution and the Metabolism of Valproic Acid in Mice. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 52:9, pages 1043-1047.
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Hiroshi Yoshioka, Seiko Ida, Masayuki Yokota, Ayako Nishimoto, Sachiko Shibata, Akiko Sugawara & Yoshiharu Takiguchi. (2000) Effects of Lithium on the Pharmacokinetics of Valproate in Rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 52:3, pages 297-301.
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Jinchun SunLaura K SchnackenbergDeborah K Hansen & Richard D Beger. (2010) Study of valproic acid-induced endogenous and exogenous metabolite alterations using LC–MS-based metabolomics. Bioanalysis 2:2, pages 207-216.
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Min Sun Lee, Young-Joo Lee, Bo Joon Kim, Kye Jung Shin, Bong Chul Chung, Du-Jong Baek & Byung Hwa Jung. (2009) The relationship between glucuronide conjugate levels and hepatotoxicity after oral administration of valproic acid. Archives of Pharmacal Research 32:7, pages 1029-1035.
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Parvaneh Espandiari, Jun Zhang, Laura K. Schnackenberg, Terry J. Miller, Alan Knapton, Eugene H. Herman, Richard D. Beger & Joseph P. Hanig. (2008) Age‐related differences in susceptibility to toxic effects of valproic acid in rats. Journal of Applied Toxicology 28:5, pages 628-637.
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Margarida F. B. Silva, Lodewijk IJlst, Paul Allers, Cornelis Jakobs, Marinus Duran, Isabel Tavares de Almeida & Ronald J. A. Wanders. (2004) VALPROYL-DEPHOSPHOCoA: A NOVEL METABOLITE OF VALPROATE FORMED IN VITRO IN RAT LIVER MITOCHONDRIA. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 32:11, pages 1304-1310.
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Vincent Tong, Thomas K.H. Chang, Jie Chen & Frank S. Abbott. (2003) The effect of valproic acid on hepatic and plasma levels of 15-F2t-isoprostane in rats. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 34:11, pages 1435-1446.
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V. S. Gopaul, W. Tang, K. Farrell & F. S. Abbott. (2003) Amino Acid Conjugates: Metabolites of 2-Propylpentanoic Acid (Valproic Acid) in Epileptic Patients. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 31:1, pages 114-121.
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U. Kreher, J. Darius & F. Wien. (2001) Establishing individual metabolite patterns for patients on valproate therapy. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 26:1-2, pages 99-107.
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Matthias Radatz & Heinz Nau. 1999. Valproate. Valproate 91 128 .
Frank S. Abbott & M. Reza Anari. 1999. Valproate. Valproate 47 75 .
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Russell L. Dills & Danny D. Shen. (1997) Methods to reduce background interferences in electron-capture gas chromatographic analysis of valproic acid and its unsaturated metabolites after derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 690:1-2, pages 139-152.
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Bernard Fromenty & Dominique Pessayre. (1995) Inhibition of mitochondrial beta-oxidation as a mechanism of hepatotoxicity. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 67:1, pages 101-154.
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Sylvie Ponchaut & Keith Veitch. (1993) Valproate and mitochondria. Biochemical Pharmacology 46:2, pages 199-204.
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Wolfgang Loscher, Heinz Nau, Ulrich Wahnschaffe, Dagmar Hönack, Chris Rundfeldt, Werner Wittfoht & Ursula Bojic. (1993) Effects of valproate and E-2-en-valproate on functional and morphological parameters of rat liver. II. Influence of phenobarbital comedication. Epilepsy Research 15:2, pages 113-131.
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Hsiu‐Ying Yu, Mei‐Sue Wu & Yu‐Zen Shen. (2006) Nonlinear elimination and hepatic concentration of conjugation‐ metabolite of valproate in guinea‐pigs. Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition 14:4, pages 297-312.
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J. G. C. Omtzigt, H. Nau, F. J. Los, L. Pijpers & D. Lindhout. (1992) The disposition of valproate and its metabolites in the late first trimester and early second trimester of pregnancy in maternal serum, urine, and amniotic fluid: Effect of dose, co-medication, and the presence of spina bifida. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 43:4, pages 381-388.
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Emilio Franzoni, Marina Govoni, Sergio D'Addato, Stefano Gualandi, Zina Sangiorgi, Gian Carlo Descovich & Gian Paolo Salvioli. (2005) Total Cholesterol, High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Triglycerides in Children Receiving Antiepileptic Drugs. Epilepsia 33:5, pages 932-935.
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Sylvie Ponchaut, Francois Van Hoof & Keith Veitch. (1992) In vitro effects of valproate and valproate metabolites on mitochondrial oxidations. Biochemical Pharmacology 43:11, pages 2435-2442.
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Gérard Fabre, Christophe Briot, Eric Marti, Jean -Pierre Montseny, Martine Bourrié, Danielle Massé, Yves Berger & Jean -Paul Cano. (1992) Δ2-Valproate biotransformation using human liver microsomal fractions. Pharmaceutisch Weekblad Scientific Edition 14:3, pages 146-151.
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Thomas A. Baillie. (1992) Metabolism of valproate to hepatotoxic intermediates. Pharmaceutisch Weekblad Scientific Edition 14:3, pages 122-125.
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Francesco Pisani. (1992) Influence of co-medication on the metabolism of valproate. Pharmaceutisch Weekblad Scientific Edition 14:3, pages 108-113.
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Enrico Gaetani, Carlo Francesco Laureri & Marina Vitto. (1992) Ion trap detector — capillary gas chromatography of valproic acid and its mono-unsaturated metabolites in serum using methyl ester derivatives. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 10:2-3, pages 193-197.
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S. Pennanen, S. Auriola, A. Manninen & H. Komulainen. (1991) Identification of the main metabolites of 2-ethylhexanoic acid in rat urine using gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 568:1, pages 125-134.
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J. Edward Fisher, Heinz Nau & Wolfgang Löscher. (2007) Alterations in the Renal Excretion of Valproate and Its Metabolites After Chronic Treatment. Epilepsia 32:1, pages 146-150.
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T Kondo, K Otani, T Hirano, S Kaneko & Y Fukushima. (1990) The effects of phenytoin and carbamazepine on serum concentrations of mono-unsaturated metabolites of valproic acid.. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 29:1, pages 116-119.
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Ronald D. Lee, Kelem Kassahun & Frank S. Abbott. (1989) Stereoselective Synthesis of the Diunsaturated Metabolites of Valproic Acid. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 78:8, pages 667-671.
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A. W. Rettenmeier, W. N. Howald, R. H. Levy, D. J. Witek, W. P. Gordon, D. J. Porubek & T. A. Baillie. (1989) Quantitative metabolic profiling of valproic acid in humans using automated gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques. Biological Mass Spectrometry 18:3, pages 192-199.
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Manuel Rengel-Aranda, André Gougoux, Patrick Vinay & José Miguel Lopez-Novoa. (1988) Effect of valproate on renal metabolism in the intact dog. Kidney International 34:5, pages 645-654.
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E. Benfenati, R. Fanelli, C. Chiabrando, U. Valcavi, E. Bosone & P. Farina. (1988) Mass spectrometric identification of urinary and plasma metabolites of 9-hydroxy-19,20-bis-nor-prostanoic acid (rosaprostol). Prostaglandins 35:5, pages 665-684.
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Allan E. RettieAlbert W. RettenmeierWilliam N. HowaldThomas A. Baillie. (1987) Cytochrome P-450—Catalyzed Formation of Δ 4 -VPA, a Toxic Metabolite of Valproic Acid . Science 235:4791, pages 890-893.
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Tohoru Tatsuhara, Hideki Muro, Yoshihiro Matsuda & Youko Imai. (1987) Determination of valproic acid and its metabolites by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. Journal of Chromatography A 399, pages 183-195.
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Frank S. Abbott, Jeanine Kassam, Andrew Acheampong, Sheila Ferguson, Sukhbinder Panesar, Roland Burton, Kevin Farrell & James Orr. (1986) Capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of valproic acid metabolites in serum and urine using tert.-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 375, pages 285-298.
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