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Xenobiotica
the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems
Volume 20, 1990 - Issue 7
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Original Article

Species differences in metabolism of codeine: urinary excretion of codeine glucuronide, morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide in mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits

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Pages 683-688 | Received 08 Sep 1989, Accepted 07 Mar 1990, Published online: 27 Aug 2009

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M. G. Soars, R. J. Riley & B. Burchell. (2001) Evaluation of the marmoset as a model species for drug glucuronidation. Xenobiotica 31:12, pages 849-860.
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M. Konishi, Y. Shiono, M. Ohno, H. Takahashi & T. Aoki. (1994) Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of dihydrocodeine in dog. Xenobiotica 24:7, pages 591-601.
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G. Mikus, A. A. Somogyi, F. Bochner & M. Eichelbaum. (1991) Thebaine O-demethylation to oripavine: Genetic differences between two rat strains. Xenobiotica 21:11, pages 1501-1509.
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Heather K. Knych, Russell W. Baden, Sophie R. Gretler & Daniel S. McKemie. (2019) Characterization of the in vitro CYP450 mediated metabolism of the polymorphic CYP2D6 probe drug codeine in horses. Biochemical Pharmacology 168, pages 184-192.
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Andrew Rowland, John O. Miners & Peter I. Mackenzie. (2013) The UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: Their role in drug metabolism and detoxification. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 45:6, pages 1121-1132.
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Peimin Lu, Cathy Gonzales, Yi Chen, Adedayo Adedoyin, Michele Hummel, Jeffrey D. Kennedy & Garth T. Whiteside. (2009) CNS penetration of small molecules following local inflammation, widespread systemic inflammation or direct injury to the nervous system. Life Sciences 85:11-12, pages 450-456.
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p. tucci, m. palmery, p. piccolotti, g. pimpinella, p. valeri & l. romanelli. (2008) Counteracting effect of papaverine on morphine inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in mice. Neurogastroenterology & Motility 20:8, pages 958-965.
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Emma Boström, Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes & Ulrika S. H. Simonsson. (2008) Blood–Brain Barrier Transport Helps to Explain Discrepancies in In Vivo Potency between Oxycodone and Morphine. Anesthesiology 108:3, pages 495-505.
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Hidefumi Kaji & Toshiyuki Kume. (2005) REGIOSELECTIVE GLUCURONIDATION OF DENOPAMINE: MARKED SPECIES DIFFERENCES AND IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE ISOFORM. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 33:3, pages 403-412.
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Matthew G Soars, Michelle Fettes, Audrey C O’Sullivan, Robert J Riley, Brian T Ethell & Brian Burchell. (2003) Cloning and characterisation of the first drug-metabolising canine UDP-glucuronosyltransferase of the 2B subfamily. Biochemical Pharmacology 65:8, pages 1251-1259.
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Marte Handal, Merete Grung, Svetlana Skurtveit, Åse Ripel & Jørg Mørland. (2002) Pharmacokinetic differences of morphine and morphine-glucuronides are reflected in locomotor activity. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 73:4, pages 883-892.
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Simona Pichini, Ilaria Altieri, Manuela Pellegrini, Piergiorgio Zuccaro & Roberta Pacifici. (1999) The role of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the determination of heroin and related opioids in biological fluids. Mass Spectrometry Reviews 18:2, pages 119-130.
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Mare Gårdmark, Mats O. Karlsson, Fredrik Jonsson & Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes. (1998) Morphine-3-Glucuronide Has a Minor Effect on Morphine Antinociception. Pharmacodynamic Modeling. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 87:7, pages 813-820.
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Y. Kuroiwa & T. Yoshida. 1997. Analytical Toxicology for Clinical, Forensic and Pharmaceutical Chemists. Analytical Toxicology for Clinical, Forensic and Pharmaceutical Chemists 621 662 .
Abdallah Salem & Wendy Hope. (1997) Role of Morphine Glucuronide Metabolites in Morphine Dependence in the Rat. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 57:4, pages 801-807.
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Dainèle M. -C. Ouellet & Gary M. Pollack. (1995) A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of tolerance to morphine analgesia during infusion in rats. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics 23:6, pages 531-549.
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R. Pacifici, S. Pichini, I. Altieri, A. Caronna, A.R. Passa & P. Zuccaro. (1995) High-performance liquid chromatographic-electrospray mass spectrometric determination of morphine and its 3- and 6-glucuronides: application to pharmacokinetic studies. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 664:2, pages 329-334.
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Bang Qian Xu, Tor A. Aasmundstad, Anders Bjørneboe, Asbjørg S. Christophersen & Jørg Mørland. (1995) Ethylmorphine o-deethylation in isolated rat hepatocytes. Biochemical Pharmacology 49:4, pages 453-460.
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Masahiro Ohno, Yukako Shiono & Masaharu Konishi. (1994) Simultaneous determination of dihydrocodeine and its metabolites in dog plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical and ultraviolet detection. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 654:2, pages 213-219.
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Bang Qian Xu, Anders Bjørneboe, Åse Ripel, Tor A. Aasmundstad, Asbjørg S. Christophersen & Jørg Mørland. (2009) Ethylmorphine Metabolism in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes. Pharmacology & Toxicology 73:1, pages 35-40.
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Marianne Ekblom, Marie Gårdmark & Margareta Hammarlund‐Udenaes. (2006) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morphine‐3‐glucuronide in rats and its influence on the antinociceptive effect of morphine. Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition 14:1, pages 1-11.
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