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Xenobiotica
the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems
Volume 21, 1991 - Issue 4
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Original Article

Metabolism and elimination of benzocaine by rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

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Pages 525-533 | Received 27 Mar 1990, Accepted 29 Sep 1990, Published online: 27 Aug 2009

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Neil Hartman, Hongfei Zhou, Jinzhe Mao, Daniel Mans, Michael Boyne$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Vikram Patel & Thomas Colatsky. (2017) Characterization of the methemoglobin forming metabolites of benzocaine and lidocaine. Xenobiotica 47:5, pages 431-438.
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H. A. Spiller, J. L. Russell, M. J. Casavant, R. Y. Ho & R. R. Gerona. (2014) Identification of N-Hydroxy-para-aminobenzoic acid in a cyanotic child after benzocaine exposure. Clinical Toxicology 52:9, pages 976-979.
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Neil R. Hartman, Jinzhe J. Mao, Hongfei Zhou, Michael T. BoyneIIII, Adam M. Wasserman, Kellie Taylor, Judith A. Racoosin, Vikram Patel & Thomas Colatsky. (2014) More methemoglobin is produced by benzocaine treatment than lidocaine treatment in human in vitro systems. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 70:1, pages 182-188.
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Stephan Brox, Axel P. Ritter, Eberhard Küster & Thorsten Reemtsma. (2014) A quantitative HPLC–MS/MS method for studying internal concentrations and toxicokinetics of 34 polar analytes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 406:20, pages 4831-4840.
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Nicholas P.L. Tuckey & Leonard G. Forgan. (2012) A rapid and simple fluorometric method for quantifying isoeugenol in seawater and in plasma and white muscle from Australasian snapper (Pagrus auratus). Food Chemistry 133:4, pages 1664-1670.
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Inger Hilde Zahl, Ole Samuelsen & Anders Kiessling. (2011) Anaesthesia of farmed fish: implications for welfare. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 38:1, pages 201-218.
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Linda S. Von Tungeln, Tong Zhou, Kellie A. Woodling, Daniel R. Doerge, Kevin J. Greenlees & Frederick A. Beland. (2011) Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia in an acute-exposure rat model. Food and Chemical Toxicology 49:10, pages 2530-2535.
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Inger Hilde Zahl, Ole Samuelsen & Anders Kiessling. 2012. Current Views on Fish Welfare. Current Views on Fish Welfare 201 218 .
Anders Kiessling, David Johansson, Inger Hilde Zahl & Ole Bent Samuelsen. (2009) Pharmacokinetics, plasma cortisol and effectiveness of benzocaine, MS-222 and isoeugenol measured in individual dorsal aorta-cannulated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) following bath administration. Aquaculture 286:3-4, pages 301-308.
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Peter J. Rombough. (2007) Ontogenetic changes in the toxicity and efficacy of the anaesthetic MS222 (tricaine methanesulfonate) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 148:2, pages 463-469.
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Michael S. Hedrick & Rachel E. Winmill. (2003) Excitatory and inhibitory effects of tricaine (MS-222) on fictive breathing in isolated bullfrog brain stem. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 284:2, pages R405-R412.
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Johnnie Bremholm Andersen & Tobias Wang. (2002) Effects of anaesthesia on blood gases, acid–base status and ions in the toad Bufo marinus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 131:3, pages 639-646.
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Jeffery R. Meinertz, Guy R. Stehly & William H. Gingerich. 1999. Xenobiotics in Fish. Xenobiotics in Fish 189 200 .
G.R. StehlyJ.R. MeinertzW.H. Gingerich. (2008) Effect of temperature on the pharmacokinetics of benzocaine in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) after bath exposures . Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 21:2, pages 121-127.
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Annamaria Szoke, William L. Hayton & Irvin R. Schultz. (1997) Quantification of benzocaine and its metabolites in channel catfish tissues and fluids by HPLC. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 16:1, pages 69-75.
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Michael D. Coleman & Claire H. Taylor. (1997) Bioactivation of benzocaine to a methaemoglobin-forming metabolite by rat and human microsomes in vitro. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 3:1, pages 47-52.
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Jeffery R. Meinertz, Guy R. Stehly & William H. Gingerich. (1996) Pharmacokinetics of benzocaine in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after intraarterial dosing. Aquaculture 148:1, pages 39-48.
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William L. Hayton, Annamaria Szoke, Brian H. Kemmenoe & Andrew M. Vick. (1996) Disposition of benzocaine in channel catfish. Aquatic Toxicology 36:1-2, pages 99-113.
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J.D. HARKINS, S. STANLEY, G.D. MUNDY, R.A. SAMS, W.E. WOODS & T. TOBIN. (2008) A review of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and regulatory control in the US of local anaesthetics in the horse. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 18:6, pages 397-406.
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Margaret O. James. 1994. Pesticides in Ground and Surface Water. Pesticides in Ground and Surface Water 153 189 .
K.T. Fredricks, W.H. Gingerich & D.C. Fater. (1993) Comparative cardiovascular effects of four fishery anesthetics in spinally transected rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology 104:3, pages 477-483.
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