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Xenobiotica
the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems
Volume 23, 1993 - Issue 5
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Research Article

On the metabolism of haloperidol

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Pages 495-508 | Received 07 Sep 1992, Accepted 08 Jan 1993, Published online: 22 Sep 2008

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Rupali Patil, Yogesh Hiray, Sandesh Shinde & Padmaja Langade. (2012) Reversal of haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia by Murraya koenigii leaves in experimental animals. Pharmaceutical Biology 50:6, pages 691-697.
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Yasuhiko Higashi, Masatoshi Sakata, Shota Nakamura & Youichi Fujii. (2008) Simultaneous Determination of N-Dealkylated Metabolites of Four Butyrophenone-Type Agents by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection after Pre-Column Derivatization with Dansyl Chloride. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 31:18, pages 2762-2770.
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Yasuhiko Higashi, Masatoshi Sakata,Youichi Fujii. (2006) Simultaneous Determination of Four Basic Metabolites Formed from Butyrophenone Type Agents by HPLC with Dual Ultraviolet Detection. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 29:19, pages 2853-2862.
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Shufeng Zhou, Eli Chan, Wei Duan, Min Huang & Yu-Zong Chen. (2005) Drug Bioactivation Covalent Binding to Target Proteins and Toxicity Relevance. Drug Metabolism Reviews 37:1, pages 41-213.
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D. S. Petterson, B. N. Greirson, D. G. Allen, D. J. Harris, B. M. Power, L. J. Dusci & K. F. Ilett. (1994) Disposition of lupanine and 13-hydroxylupanine in man. Xenobiotica 24:9, pages 933-941.
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Iwona Zaporowska-Stachowiak, Katarzyna Stachowiak-Szymczak, Mary-Tiffany Oduah & Maciej Sopata. (2020) Haloperidol in palliative care: Indications and risks. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 132, pages 110772.
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Marshall W. Tyler, Josefa Zaldivar-Diez & Stephen J. Haggarty. (2017) Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Haloperidol. ACS Chemical Neuroscience 8:3, pages 444-453.
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James J. Crowley, Mehdi Ashraf-Khorassani, Neal CastagnoliJr.Jr. & Patrick F. Sullivan. (2013) Brain levels of the neurotoxic pyridinium metabolite HPP+ and extrapyramidal symptoms in haloperidol-treated mice. NeuroToxicology 39, pages 153-157.
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Donata Favretto, Giulia Stocchero, Alessandro Nalesso, Susanna Vogliardi, Rafael Boscolo-Berto, Massimo Montisci & Santo D. Ferrara. (2013) Monitoring Haloperidol Exposure in Body Fluids and Hair of Children by Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 35:4, pages 493-501.
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JAROMIR GUMULEC, MARTINA RAUDENSKA, MARIAN HLAVNA, TIBOR STRACINA, MARKETA SZTALMACHOVA, VERONIKA TANHAUSEROVA, LUKAS PACAL, BRANISLAV RUTTKAY-NEDECKY, JIRI SOCHOR, ONDREJ ZITKA, PETR BABULA, VOJTECH ADAM, RENE KIZEK, MARIE NOVAKOVA & MICHAL MASARIK. (2013) Determination of oxidative stress and activities of antioxidant enzymes in guinea pigs treated with haloperidol. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 5:2, pages 479-484.
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Imran Ali, Vinod Gupta, Prashant Singh & Uma Negi. (2012) Monitoring of haloperidol and its metabolites in plasma by SPE-RP-TLC spectrometry. Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC 25:2, pages 156-161.
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Yukiko Kato, Miki Nakajima, Shingo Oda, Tatsuki Fukami & Tsuyoshi Yokoi. (2012) Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Isoforms Involved in Haloperidol Glucuronidation and Quantitative Estimation of Their Contribution. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 40:2, pages 240-248.
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Tove Johansson Mali'n, Lars Weidolf, Neal CastagnoliJr.Jr. & Ulrik Jurva. (2010) P450-catalyzed vs. electrochemical oxidation of haloperidol studied by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 24:9, pages 1231-1240.
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Tove Johansson, Lars Weidolf, Friedrich Popp, Reinhold Tacke & Ulrik Jurva. (2010) In Vitro Metabolism of Haloperidol and Sila-Haloperidol: New Metabolic Pathways Resulting from Carbon/Silicon Exchange. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 38:1, pages 73-83.
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Yasuhiko Higashi, Shota Nakamura & Youichi Fujii. (2006) Sensitive determination of 4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4‐hydroxypiperidine, a metabolite of haloperidol, in a rat biological sample by HPLC with fluorescence detection after pre‐column derivatization using 4‐fluoro‐7‐nitro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole. Biomedical Chromatography 20:9, pages 964-970.
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Yasuhiko Higashi, Miyuki Kitahara & Youichi Fujii. (2005) Simultaneous analysis of haloperidol, its three metabolites and two other butyrophenone‐type neuroleptics by high performance liquid chromatography with dual ultraviolet detection. Biomedical Chromatography 20:2, pages 166-172.
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Hidekazu Kawashima, Yasuhiko Iida, Youji Kitamura & Hideo Saji. (2004) Binding of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]pyridinium ion (HPP+), a metabolite of haloperidol, to synthetic melanin: Implications for the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of HPP+. Neurotoxicity Research 6:7-8, pages 535-542.
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Toshiyuki Someya, Kazutaka Shimoda, Yutaro Suzuki, Satoshi Sato, Yoshiaki Kawashima, Genta Hirokane, Sachiyo Morita, Aya Yokono & Saburo Takahashi. (2003) Effect of CYP2D6 Genotypes on the Metabolism of Haloperidol in a Japanese Psychiatric Population. Neuropsychopharmacology 28:8, pages 1501-1505.
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Donald J. AbrahamC. Anthony Altar, Arnold R. Martin & Andrew Thurkauf. 2003. Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery. Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery 599 672 .
Pattipati S Naidu, Amanpreet Singh, Pushpinder Kaur, Rajat Sandhir & Shrinivas K Kulkarni. (2003) Possible mechanism of action in melatonin attenuation of haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 74:3, pages 641-648.
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Pattipati S Naidu, Amanpreet Singh & Shrinivas K Kulkarni. (2009) Carvedilol attenuates neuroleptic‐induced orofacial dyskinesia: possible antioxidant mechanisms. British Journal of Pharmacology 136:2, pages 193-200.
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Hidekazu Kawashima, Yasuhiko Iida, Youji Kitamura, Yasushi Kiyono, Yasuhiro Magata & Hideo Saji. (2002) Brain Extraction of 4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]pyridinium Ion (HPP+), a Neurotoxic Metabolite of Haloperidol: Studies Using [3H]HPP+. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 89:4, pages 426-428.
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Yutaro Suzuki, Toshiyuki Someya, Kazutaka Shimoda, Genta Hirokane, Sachiyo Morita, Aya Yokono, Yoshimasa Inoue & Saburo Takahashi. (2001) Importance of the Cytochrome P450 2D6 Genotype for the Drug Metabolic Interaction Between Chlorpromazine and Haloperidol. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 23:4, pages 363-368.
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H. K. Lim, K. W. Chan, S. Sisenwine & J. A. Scatina. (2001) Simultaneous Screen for Microsomal Stability and Metabolite Profile by Direct Injection Turbulent-Laminar Flow LC−LC and Automated Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 73:9, pages 2140-2146.
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Kazuo Igarashi, Yuichi Sugiyama, Fumiyo Kasuya, Hiroyuki Inoue, Ryoji Matoba & Neal Castagnoli. (2000) Analysis of citrulline in rat brain tissue after perfusion with haloperidol by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 746:1, pages 33-40.
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Sven Ulrich, Sabine Neuhof, Verena Braun, Peter Danos, Uwe Pester & Ludwig Hoy. (2000) Disposition of Haloperidol Pyridinium and Reduced Haloperidol Pyridinium in Schizophrenic Patients: No Relationship With Clinical Variables During Short-Term Treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 20:2, pages 210-219.
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Liping Pan, Robert Vander Stichele, Marie T. Rosseel, Jacques A. Berlo, Nadine De Schepper & Frans M. Belpaire. (1999) Effects of Smoking, CYP2D6 Genotype, and Concomitant Drug Intake on the Steady State Plasma Concentrations of Haloperidol and Reduced Haloperidol in Schizophrenic Inpatients. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 21:5, pages 489.
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Toshiyuki Someya, Yutaro Suzuki, Kazutaka Shimoda, Genta Hirokane, Sachiyo Morita, Aya Yokono, Yoshimasa Inoue & Saburo Takahashi. (2002) The effect of cytochrome P450 2D6 genotypes on haloperidol metabolism: A preliminary study in a psychiatric population. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 53:5, pages 593-597.
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Kazuo Igarashi, Yuichi Sugiyama, Fumiyo Kasuya, Kayoko Saiki, Takahiro Yamakawa & Shigeru Ohata. (1999) Determination of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline in mouse brain after treatment with haloperidol by gas chromatography–selected ion monitoring. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 731:1, pages 53-58.
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Lodewyk J. Mienie, Jacobus J. Bergh, Jeffrey R. Bloomquist, Neal CastagnoliJr.Jr., Stefanus J. Steyn & Cornelis J. Van der Schyf. (1999) p-Fluorophenylglycine in the urine of baboons treated with HPTP, the tetrahydropyridine analog of haloperidol. Life Sciences 65:5, pages 535-542.
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Christopher L Boehme & Henry W Strobel. (1998) High-performance liquid chromatographic methods for the analysis of haloperidol and chlorpromazine metabolism in vitro by purified cytochrome P450 isoforms. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 718:2, pages 259-266.
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Kathryn M. Avent, Richard R. Riker, Gilles L. Fraser, Cornelis J. Van der Schyf, Etsuko usuki & Susan M. Pond. (1997) Metabolism of haloperidol to pyridinium species in patients receiving high doses intravenously: Is HPTP an intermediate?. Life Sciences 61:24, pages 2383-2390.
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J Fang & P H Yu. (1997) Effects of a quaternary pyridinium metabolite of haloperidol (HP + ) on the viability and catecholamine levels of cultured PC12 cells . Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 75:8, pages 996-1000.
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J Fang. (1996) Hyperactive behavioural effects induced by intranigral infusion of a pyridinium metabolite of haloperidol in rats. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 74:12, pages 1359-1361.
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Jian Fang, Glen B. Baker & Ronald T. Coutts. (1996) Determination of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine, a metabolite of haloperidol, by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 682:2, pages 283-288.
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D. W. Eyles, J. J. McGrath & S. M. Pond. (1996) Formation of pyridinium species of haloperidol in human liver and brain. Psychopharmacology 125:3, pages 214-219.
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Stephen Naylor, Linda M. Benson & Andy J. Tomlinson. (1996) Application of capillary electrophoresis and related techniques to drug metabolism studies. Journal of Chromatography A 735:1-2, pages 415-438.
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Bruce G. Pollock & Benoit H. Mulsant. 1996. Antipsychotics. Antipsychotics 505 529 .
J. Fang & P. H. Yu. (1995) Effect of haloperidol and its metabolites on dopamine and noradrenaline uptake in rat brain slices. Psychopharmacology 121:3, pages 379-384.
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J. Fang, D. Zuo & P. H. Yu. (1995) Comparison of cytotoxicity of a quaternary pyridinium metabolite of haloperidol (HP+) with neurotoxinN-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MMP+) towards cultured dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells. Psychopharmacology 121:3, pages 373-378.
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J. Fang, P. H. Yu, A. A. Boulton & J. W. Gorrod. (1995) Inhibition of monoamine oxidases by haloperidol and its metabolites: pharmacological implications for the chemotherapy of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 118:2, pages 206-212.
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Inge Jeding, Patricia J. Evans, Dola Akanmu, David Dexter, Jeremy D. Spencer, Okezie I. Aruoma, Peter Jenner & Barry Halliwell. (1995) Characterization of the potential antioxidant and pro-oxidant actions of some neuroleptic drugs. Biochemical Pharmacology 49:3, pages 359-365.
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Andy J. Tomlinson, Linda M. Benson, Kenneth L. Johnson & Stephen Naylor. (2005) Investigation of drug metabolism using capillary electrophoresis with photodiode array detection and online mass spectrometry equipped with an array detector. ELECTROPHORESIS 15:1, pages 62-71.
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Andy J. Tomlinson, Linda M. Benson, Kenneth L. Johnson & Stephen Naylor. (1993) Investigation of the metabolic fate of the neuroleptic drug haloperidol by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 621:2, pages 239-248.
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Andy J. Tomlinson, Linda M. Benson, James P. Landers, Gale F. Scanlan, Jian Fang, John W. Gorrod & Stephen Naylor. (1993) Investigation of the metabolism of the neuroleptic drug haloperidol by capillary electrophoresis. Journal of Chromatography A 652:2, pages 417-426.
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