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Original Article

‘Ping-pong’ gaze

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Pages 121-123 | Accepted 16 Sep 1991, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

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Kenneth Ka Hei Lai, Alan Tsang, Andrew K. T. Kuk, Callie K. L. Ko, Edwin Chan & Simon T. C. Ko. (2021) A Review of Tolerance and Safety Profiles of Long-Term Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A in Asian Patients with Hemifacial Spasm and Benign Essential Blepharospasm. Neuro-Ophthalmology 45:5, pages 293-300.
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Rose M. Olson, Ali Mokhtarzadeh, Linda K. McLoon & Andrew R. Harrison. (2019) Effects of Repeated Eyelid Injections with Botulinum Toxin A on Innervation of Treated Muscles in Patients with Blepharospasm. Current Eye Research 44:3, pages 257-263.
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Yan Wu, Zhong Lu, Yong Xie, Wei Zhang, Xiangdong Chen, Yuling Shi, Qin Li, Michael Halstead, John D Rogers & Michael Silberberg. (2018) OnabotulinumtoxinA treatment of moderate to severe glabellar lines in Chinese subjects after laser therapy: A prospective, open-label, noncomparative study. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 20:5, pages 278-286.
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Valeria Tugnoli, Roberto Eleopra, Cesare Montecucco & Domenico De Grandis. (1997) The therapeutic use of botulinum toxin. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 6:10, pages 1383-1394.
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Articles from other publishers (33)

Yan Wu, Dong Zeng & Sufan Wu. (2023) Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Treatment of Masseter Muscle Prominence in Asian Populations. Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum 5.
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Alexander D. Nassif, Ricardo F. Boggio, Sheila Espicalsky & Gladstone E. L. Faria. (2022) High Precision Use of Botulinum Toxin Type A (BONT-A) in Aesthetics Based on Muscle Atrophy, Is Muscular Architecture Reprogramming a Possibility? A Systematic Review of Literature on Muscle Atrophy after BoNT-A Injections. Toxins 14:2, pages 81.
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Wanying Chen, Xiaoyu Zhang, Yingying Xu, Zemin Xu, Haiyan Qin & Lianbo Zhang. (2021) Ultrasound-guided five-point injection of botulinum toxin for patients with trapezius hypertrophy. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 16:1.
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Justin M. Hintze, Christy L. Ludlow & David G. Lott. 2020. Neurologic and Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Larynx. Neurologic and Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Larynx 191 204 .
Rawaa M. Almukhtar & Sabrina G. Fabi. (2019) The Masseter Muscle and Its Role in Facial Contouring, Aging, and Quality of Life. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 143:1, pages 39e-48e.
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Shi-Lin Yang, Xiang Han, Chun-Ni Guo, Xiao-Ying Zhu, Qiang Dong & Yan Wang. (2018) A closer look at ping-pong gaze: an observational study and literature review. Journal of Neurology 265:12, pages 2825-2833.
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Ali E. El Deeb, Reda El Bakary & Amal A.A. Abd-El-Hafez. (2014) Histological characteristics of botulinum neurotoxin-A on rat skeletal muscles. The Egyptian Journal of Histology 37:2, pages 393-401.
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Mario Goisis, Alessandro Di Petrillo, Claudio Rinna, Chiara Brillante, Magda Guareschi & Doris Ali Youssef. 2014. Injections in Aesthetic Medicine. Injections in Aesthetic Medicine 3 24 .
C. Butera, R. Guerriero, S. Amadio, D. Ungaro, H. Tesfaghebriel, F. Bianchi, G. Comi & U. Del Carro. (2012) Functional end-plate recovery in long-term botulinum toxin therapy of hemifacial spasm: a nerve conduction study. Neurological Sciences 34:2, pages 209-215.
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Michel R. Popoff, Christelle Mazuet & B. Poulain. 2013. The Prokaryotes. The Prokaryotes 247 290 .
Juwan Park, Andrew R. Harrison & Michael S. Lee. 2013. Craniofacial Muscles. Craniofacial Muscles 287 321 .
Yun Hyung Koog & Byung-II Min. (2010) Effects of botulinum toxin A on calf muscles in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Clinical Rehabilitation 24:8, pages 685-700.
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Ibrahim Fathi Ghalayini, Mohammed A. Al-Ghazo & Ziad Ali Elnasser. (2009) Is efficacy of repeated intradetrusor botulinum toxin type A (Dysport®) injections dose dependent? Clinical and urodynamic results after four injections in patients with drug-resistant neurogenic detrusor overactivity. International Urology and Nephrology 41:4, pages 805-813.
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A.S. Schröder, K. Huß, S. Berweck & F. Heinen. (2009) Botulinumtoxin als Teil einer integrierten BehandlungBotulinum toxin as part of an integrative therapeutic approach. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 157:11, pages 1120-1127.
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A. R. Bentivoglio, A. Fasano, T. Ialongo, F. Soleti, S. Lo Fermo & A. Albanese. (2009) Fifteen-Year Experience in Treating Blepharospasm with Botox or Dysport: Same Toxin, Two Drugs. Neurotoxicity Research 15:3, pages 224-231.
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Hakan Birkent, Nicole Maronian, Patricia Waugh, Albert L. Merati, David Perkel & Allen D. Hillel. (2009) Dosage changes in patients with long-term botulinum toxin use for laryngeal dystonia. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 140:1, pages 43-47.
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Michael B Chancellor, Clare J Fowler, Apostolos Apostolidis, William C de Groat, Christopher P Smith, George T Somogyi & K Roger Aoki. (2008) Drug Insight: biological effects of botulinum toxin A in the lower urinary tract. Nature Clinical Practice Urology 5:6, pages 319-328.
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Leslie M. Rickey. (2008) Botulinum Toxin for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Women. Journal of Pelvic Medicine and Surgery 14:3, pages 135-161.
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Paul K. Holden, David E. Vokes, Michael B. Taylor, James A. Till & Roger L. Crumley. (2016) Long-Term Botulinum Toxin Dose Consistency for Treatment of Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 116:12, pages 891-896.
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Damir B. Matic, Ting Y. Lee, R Glenn Wells & Bing S. Gan. (2007) The Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Muscle Blood Perfusion and Metabolism. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 120:7, pages 1823-1833.
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Ki Young Ahn & Seong Taek Kim. (2007) The Change of Maximum Bite Force after Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection for Treating Masseteric Hypertrophy. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 120:6, pages 1662-1666.
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A Sieben, L Crevits & P Santens. (2007) Saccadic Ping Pong Gaze in Coma. The Neurologist 13:3, pages 161-163.
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Jae-Hong Kim, Jun Han Shin, Seong Taek Kim & Chong-Youl Kim. (2007) Effects of Two Different Units of Botulinum Toxin Type A Evaluated by Computed Tomography and Electromyographic Measurements of Human Masseter Muscle. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 119:2, pages 711-717.
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Gyu Suk Hwang & Jung I. Park. 2007. Asian Facial Cosmetic Surgery. Asian Facial Cosmetic Surgery 377 386 .
M. Naumann, A. Albanese, F. Heinen, G. Molenaers & M. Relja. (2006) Safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A following long-term use. European Journal of Neurology 13:s4, pages 35-40.
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Mark Forrest Gordon & Rich Barron. (2006) Effectiveness of Repeated Treatment with Botulinum Toxin Type A Across Different Conditions. Southern Medical Journal 99:8, pages 853-861.
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Cynthia L. Comella & Seth L. Pullman. (2004) Botulinum toxins in neurological disease. Muscle & Nerve 29:5, pages 628-644.
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Markus Naumann & A. Peter Moore. (2003) Long-term safety of botulinum toxin type A. Movement Disorders 18:9, pages 1080-1081.
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MEE YOUNG PARK, KI YOUNG AHN & DUCK SOO JUNG. (2003) Botulinum Toxin Type A Treatment for Contouring of the Lower Face. Dermatologic Surgery 29:5, pages 477-483.
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Mee Young Park, Ki Young Ahn & Duck Soo Jung. (2003) Botulinum Toxin Type A Treatment for Contouring of the Lower Face. Dermatologic Surgery 29:5, pages 477-483.
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Andrew Blitzer & Lucian Sulica. (2001) Botulinum Toxin: Basic Science and Clinical Uses in Otolaryngology. The Laryngoscope 111:2, pages 218-226.
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Bruce J. Davidson & Christy L. Ludlow. (2016) Long-Term Effects of Botulinum Toxin Injections in Spasmodic Dysphonia. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 105:1, pages 33-42.
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Gary E. Borodic, L. Bruce Pearce & Robert Ferrante. 1993. Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins. Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins 623 645 .

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