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Original Article

Fear of childbirth during pregnancy: A study of more than 8000 pregnant women

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Pages 229-235 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (20)

Sofia Hallström, Hanna Grundström, Anna Malmquist, Matilda Eklind & Katri Nieminen. (2022) Fear of childbirth and mental health among lesbian, bisexual, transgender and queer people: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 43:4, pages 526-531.
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Azam Bakhteh, Nasrin Jaberghaderi, Mansour Rezaei, Zahra AL-Sadat Naghibzadeh, Mitra Kolivand & Zahra Motaghi. (2022) The effect of interventions in alleviating fear of childbirth in pregnant women: a systematic review. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 0:0, pages 1-17.
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Nelly Goutaudier, Raphael Ayache, Hélène Aubé & Henri Chabrol. (2020) Traumatic anticipation of childbirth and disordered eating during pregnancy. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 38:3, pages 243-258.
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Julie A. Quinlivan & Linda McGowan. (2019) How do we help women become less fearful of birth?. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 40:3, pages 175-175.
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Nelly Goutaudier, Charlene Bertoli, Natalène Séjourné & Henri Chabrol. (2019) Childbirth as a forthcoming traumatic event: pretraumatic stress disorder during pregnancy and its psychological correlates. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 37:1, pages 44-55.
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Céline Favrod, Emily A. Holmes, Yvan Vial, Mathilde Morisod Harari & Antje Horsch. (2018) Spontaneous childbirth-related mental images among pregnant women: a mixed-method study. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 36:4, pages 393-405.
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Paridhi Jha, Margareta Larsson, Kyllike Christensson & Agneta Skoog Svanberg. (2017) Satisfaction with childbirth services provided in public health facilities: results from a cross- sectional survey among postnatal women in Chhattisgarh, India. Global Health Action 10:1.
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Valentina Fenaroli, Emanuela Saita, Sara Molgora & Monica Accordini. (2016) Italian women’s childbirth: a prospective longitudinal study of delivery predictors and subjective experience. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 34:3, pages 235-246.
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Katri Nieminen, Gerhard Andersson, Barbro Wijma, Elsa-Lena Ryding & Klaas Wijma. (2016) Treatment of nulliparous women with severe fear of childbirth via the Internet: a feasibility study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 37:2, pages 37-43.
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Cecilie Jespersen, Hanne Kristine Hegaard, Anne-Mette Schroll, Susanne Rosthøj & Hanne Kjærgaard. (2014) Fear of childbirth and emergency caesarean section in low-risk nulliparous women: a prospective cohort study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 35:4, pages 109-115.
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Anne-Marie Sluijs, Marc P. H. D. Cleiren, Sicco A. Scherjon & Klaas Wijma. (2012) No relationship between fear of childbirth and pregnancy-/delivery-outcome in a low-risk Dutch pregnancy cohort delivering at home or in hospital. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 33:3, pages 99-105.
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Susan Garthus-Niegel, Hege Therese Størksen, Leila Torgersen, Tilmann Von Soest & Malin Eberhard-Gran. (2011) The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire – a factor analytic study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 32:3, pages 160-163.
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Jorid Eide, Ragnhild Hovengen & Rannveig Nordhagen. (2010) Childhood abuse and later worries about the baby's health in pregnancy. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 89:12, pages 1523-1531.
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Kerstin Weidner, Antje Bittner, Juliane Junge-Hoffmeister, Katrin Zimmermann, Friederike Siedentopf, Judith Richter, Peter Joraschky, Axel Gatzweiler & Yve Stöbel-Richter. (2010) A psychosomatic intervention in pregnant in-patient women with prenatal somatic risks. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 31:3, pages 188-198.
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Kerry Spice, Shannon L. Jones, Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos, Kristine Kowalyk & Sherry H. Stewart. (2009) Prenatal fear of childbirth and anxiety sensitivity. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 30:3, pages 168-174.
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Sibil Tschudin, Judith Alder, Stephanie Hendriksen, Johannes Bitzer, Karoline Aebi Popp, Rosanna Zanetti, Irene Hösli, Wolfgang Holzgreve & Verena Geissbühler. (2009) Previous birth experience and birth anxiety: predictors of caesarean section on demand?. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 30:3, pages 175-180.
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Hanne Kjærgaard, Klaas Wijma, Anna‐Karin Dykes & Siw Alehagen. (2008) Fear of childbirth in obstetrically low‐risk nulliparous women in Sweden and Denmark. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 26:4, pages 340-350.
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MichelleH. Tsui, ManW. Pang, Hanna-Leena Melender, L. Xu, TzeK. Lau & TSeN. Leung. (2007) Maternal Fear Associated with Pregnancy and Childbirth in Hong Kong Chinese Women. Women & Health 44:4, pages 79-92.
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Elsa Lena Ryding, Eva Wirfelt, Ing-Britt Wängborg, Berit Sjögren, Elsa Lena Ryding, Eva Wirfelt, Ing-Britt Wängborg, Berit Sjögren & Gunnar Edman. (2007) Personality and fear of childbirth. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 86:7, pages 814-820.
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Anna Malmquist, Louise Jonsson, Johanna Wikström & Katri Nieminen. (2019) Minority stress adds an additional layer to fear of childbirth in lesbian and bisexual women, and transgender people. Midwifery 79, pages 102551.
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Sedigheh Abdollahpour & Zahra Motaghi. (2019) Lived Traumatic Childbirth Experiences of Newly Delivered Mothers Admitted to the Postpartum Ward: a Phenomenological Study. Journal of Caring Sciences 8:1, pages 23-31.
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Patricia Eckerdal, Marios K. Georgakis, Natasa Kollia, Anna-Karin Wikström, Ulf Högberg & Alkistis Skalkidou. (2018) Delineating the association between mode of delivery and postpartum depression symptoms: a longitudinal study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 97:3, pages 301-311.
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Myrte Westerneng, Anke B. Witteveen, J. Catja Warmelink, Evelien Spelten, Adriaan Honig & Paul de Cock. (2017) Pregnancy-specific anxiety and its association with background characteristics and health-related behaviors in a low-risk population. Comprehensive Psychiatry 75, pages 6-13.
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A. B. Witteveen, P. De Cock, A. C. Huizink, A. De Jonge, T. Klomp, M. Westerneng & C. C. Geerts. (2016) Pregnancy related anxiety and general anxious or depressed mood and the choice for birth setting: a secondary data-analysis of the DELIVER study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 16:1.
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Aynur Kızılırmak & Mürüvvet Başer. (2016) The effect of education given to primigravida women on fear of childbirth. Applied Nursing Research 29, pages 19-24.
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Lee Roosevelt & Lisa Kane Low. (2016) Exploring Fear of Childbirth in the United States Through a Qualitative Assessment of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 45:1, pages 28-38.
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Jennifer Fenwick, Jocelyn Toohill, Jenny Gamble, Debra K. Creedy, Anne Buist, Erika Turkstra, Anne Sneddon, Paul A. Scuffham & Elsa L. Ryding. (2015) Effects of a midwife psycho-education intervention to reduce childbirth fear on women’s birth outcomes and postpartum psychological wellbeing. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 15:1.
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Jocelyn Toohill, Debra K. Creedy, Jenny Gamble & Jennifer Fenwick. (2015) A cross-sectional study to determine utility of childbirth fear screening in maternity practice – An Australian perspective. Women and Birth 28:4, pages 310-316.
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Ling-ling Gao, Xiao Jun Liu, Bai Ling Fu & Wen Xie. (2015) Predictors of childbirth fear among pregnant Chinese women: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Midwifery 31:9, pages 865-870.
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Maeve O'Connell, Patricia Leahy-Warren, Ali S. Khashan & Louise C. Kenny. (2015) Tocophobia – the new hysteria?. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine 25:6, pages 175-177.
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Mizuki Takegata, Megumi Haruna, Masayo Matsuzaki, Mie Shiraishi, Tadaharu Okano & Elisabeth Severinsson. (2015) Does Antenatal Fear of Childbirth Predict Postnatal Fear of Childbirth? A Study of Japanese Women. Open Journal of Nursing 05:02, pages 144-152.
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Mirjam Lukasse, Berit Schei & Elsa Lena Ryding. (2014) Prevalence and associated factors of fear of childbirth in six European countries. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 5:3, pages 99-106.
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Mizuki Takegata, Megumi Haruna, Masayo Matsuzaki, Mie Shiraishi, Tadaharu Okano & Elisabeth Severinsson. (2014) Antenatal fear of childbirth and sense of coherence among healthy pregnant women in Japan: A cross-sectional study. Archives of Women's Mental Health 17:5, pages 403-409.
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Ofra Halperin, O. Sarid & J. Cwikel. (2014) A comparison of Israeli Jewish and Arab women's birth perceptions. Midwifery 30:7, pages 853-861.
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M. Dehghani, L. Sharpe & A. Khatibi. (2014) Catastrophizing mediates the relationship between fear of pain and preference for elective caesarean section. European Journal of Pain 18:4, pages 582-589.
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Kathrin Stoll, Wendy Hall, Patricia Janssen & Elaine Carty. (2014) Why are young Canadians afraid of birth? A survey study of childbirth fear and birth preferences among Canadian University students. Midwifery 30:2, pages 220-226.
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Mehmet Aksoy, Ayse Nur Aksoy, Aysenur Dostbil, Mine Gursac Celik & Ilker Ince. (2014) The Relationship between Fear of Childbirth and Women’s Knowledge about Painless Childbirth. Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2014, pages 1-7.
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Jennifer Fenwick, Jenny Gamble, Debra K Creedy, Anne Buist, Erika Turkstra, Anne Sneddon, Paul A Scuffham, Elsa L Ryding, Vivian Jarrett & Jocelyn Toohill. (2013) Study protocol for reducing childbirth fear: a midwife-led psycho-education intervention. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 13:1.
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Charlotte Elvander, Sven Cnattingius & Kristen H. Kjerulff. (2013) Birth Experience in Women with Low, Intermediate or High Levels of Fear: Findings from the First Baby Study. Birth 40:4, pages 289-296.
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Mizuki Takegata, Megumi Haruna, Masayo Matsuzaki, Mie Shiraishi, Ryoko Murayama, Tadaharu Okano & Elisabeth Severinsson. (2013) Translation and validation of the Japanese version of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire version A. Nursing & Health Sciences 15:3, pages 326-332.
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Signe Hanghøj. (2013) When it hurts I think: Now the baby dies. Risk perceptions of physical activity during pregnancy. Women and Birth 26:3, pages 190-194.
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Birgitta Salomonsson, Carina Berterö & Siw Alehagen. (2013) Self‐Efficacy in Pregnant Women with Severe Fear of Childbirth. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 42:2, pages 191-202.
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GUNILLA SYDSJÖ, LOUISE ANGERBJÖRN, SOFIE PALMQUIST, MARIE BLADH, ADAM SYDSJÖ & ANN JOSEFSSON. (2012) Secondary fear of childbirth prolongs the time to subsequent delivery. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 92:2, pages 210-214.
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Wendy A Hall, Kathrin Stoll, Eileen K Hutton & Helen Brown. (2012) A prospective study of effects of psychological factors and sleep on obstetric interventions, mode of birth, and neonatal outcomes among low-risk British Columbian women. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 12:1.
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Helen M Haines, Christine Rubertsson, Julie F Pallant & Ingegerd Hildingsson. (2012) The influence of women’s fear, attitudes and beliefs of childbirth on mode and experience of birth. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 12:1.
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Ingela Wiklund, Ellika Andolf, Håkan Lilja & Ingegerd Hildingsson. (2012) Indications for cesarean section on maternal request – Guidelines for counseling and treatment. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 3:3, pages 99-106.
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Tamar van Haaren-ten Haken, Marijke Hendrix, Marianne Nieuwenhuijze, Luc Budé, Raymond de Vries & Jan Nijhuis. (2012) Preferred place of birth: Characteristics and motives of low-risk nulliparous women in the Netherlands. Midwifery 28:5, pages 609-618.
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Christina Nilsson, Ingela Lundgren, Annika Karlström & Ingegerd Hildingsson. (2012) Self reported fear of childbirth and its association with women's birth experience and mode of delivery: A longitudinal population-based study. Women and Birth 25:3, pages 114-121.
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