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Original Article

Alkalisation of Lignocaine-Adrenaline Reduces the Amount of Pain During Subcutaneous Injection of Local Anaesthetic

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Pages 33-37 | Received 15 Mar 1993, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

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Frode Samdal, Petter Frode Amland & Frank Åbyholm. (1995) Syringe-Assisted Microliposuction for Cervical Rejuvenation: A Five Year Experience. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery 29:1, pages 1-8.
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Hsin-Ming Liu, Ting-Ju Wu, Cher-Ming Liou, Wen-Kuan Chiu, Yi-No Kang & Chiehfeng Chen. (2022) Patient Comfort with Various Local Infiltration Anesthetics for Minor Oculoplastic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 75:9, pages 3473-3484.
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Hun Kim & Kun Hwang. (2020) Onset, Duration, and Pain Score Obtained Using Lidocaine Mixed With Epinephrine and Bicarbonate in Plastic Surgery. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 31:7, pages 1986-1990.
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Gerd Sauermüller, Irmengard Merkl, Johannes Büttner & Peter Becker. 2019. Die Anästhesiologie. Die Anästhesiologie 1489 1505 .
Gerd Sauermüller, Irmengard Merkl, Johannes Büttner & Peter Becker. 2017. Die Anästhesiologie. Die Anästhesiologie 1 17 .
M Soledad Cepeda, Aikaterini Tzortzopoulou, Michael Thackrey, Jana Hudcova, Preeti Arora Gandhi & Roman Schumann. (2015) Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
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Gerd Sauermüller, Irmengard Merkl, Johannes Büttner & Peter Becker. 2012. Die Anästhesiologie. Die Anästhesiologie 1123 1136 .
M Soledad Cepeda, Aikaterini Tzortzopoulou, Michael Thackrey, Jana Hudcova, Preeti Arora Gandhi & Roman Schumann. (2012) Cochrane Review: Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection. Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal 7:1, pages 149-215.
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M Soledad Cepeda, Aikaterini Tzortzopoulou, Michael Thackrey, Jana Hudcova, Preeti Arora Gandhi & Roman Schumann. 1996. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
Marie N. Hanna, Amir Elhassan, Patricia M. Veloso, Maggie Lesley, Jon Lissauer, Jeffrey M. Richman & Christopher L. Wu. (2009) Efficacy of Bicarbonate in Decreasing Pain on Intradermal Injection of Local Anesthetics. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 34:2, pages 122-125.
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J. Büttner, A. Schifferdecker, D. Lang & P. Becker. 2008. Die Anästhesiologie. Die Anästhesiologie 1155 1168 .
Robert John Davies. (2003) Buffering the pain of local anaesthetics: A systematic review. Emergency Medicine 15:1, pages 81-88.
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A.R. Fitton, M. Ragbir & M.A.P. Milling. (1996) The use of pH adjusted lignocaine in controlling operative pain in the day surgery unit: a prospective, randomised trial. British Journal of Plastic Surgery 49:6, pages 404-408.
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