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Research Article

Cigarette Smoking: A Dependence on High-Nicotine Boli

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Pages 29-57 | Published online: 22 Sep 2008

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Ki Young Kim, Young-Joo Lee, Bong Chul Chung, Jongki Hong & Byung Hwa Jung. (2010) Relations between toxicity and altered tissue distribution and urinary excretion of nicotine, cotinine, and hydroxycotinine after chronic oral administration of nicotine in rats. Drug and Chemical Toxicology 33:2, pages 166-172.
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Betina T. Blak, Koo Wilson, Michael Metcalfe, Andrew Maguire & Michelle Hards. (2010) Evaluation of varenicline as an aid to smoking cessation in UK general practice – a THIN database study. Current Medical Research and Opinion 26:4, pages 861-870.
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Robert West. (2009) The Multiple Facets of Cigarette Addiction and What They Mean for Encouraging and Helping Smokers to Stop. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 6:4, pages 277-283.
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Kareemah Gamieldien & Gert S. Maritz. (2004) POSTNATAL EXPRESSION OF CYTOCHROME P450 1A1, 2A3, AND 2B1 mRNA IN NEONATAL RAT LUNG: INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE. Experimental Lung Research 30:2, pages 121-133.
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Miki Nakajima, Yukio Kuroiwa & Tsuyoshi Yokoi. (2002) INTERINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN NICOTINE METABOLISM AND GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS OF HUMAN CYP2A6. Drug Metabolism Reviews 34:4, pages 865-877.
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X. Zhang, K. Ameno, S. Ameno, H. Kinoshita, T. Kubota, M. Kumihashi, J. Mostofa, K. Iwahashi & I. Ijiri. (2002) EFFECTS OF WHOLE DELETION OF CYP2A6 ON NICOTINE METABOLISM IN HUMANS. Drug and Chemical Toxicology 25:2, pages 203-213.
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BradleyJ. Ingebrethsen, CynthiaS. Lyman, CharlesH. Risner, Patricia Martin & BertM. Gordon. (2001) Particle-Gas Equilibria of Ammonia and Nicotine in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke. Aerosol Science and Technology 35:5, pages 874-886.
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Elizabeth B. Stuyt. (1997) Recovery Rates After Treatment for Alcohol/Drug Dependence: Tobacco Users vs. Non-Tobacco Users. American Journal on Addictions 6:2, pages 159-167.
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KarynL. Skaar, JaniceY. Tsoh, JenniferB. McClure, PaulM. Cinciripini, Karen Friedman, DavidW. Wetter & EllenR. Gritz. (1997) Smoking Cessation 1: An Overview of Research. Behavioral Medicine 23:1, pages 5-13.
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Gabriel A. Kyerematen & Elliot S. Vesell. (1991) Metabolism of Nicotine. Drug Metabolism Reviews 23:1-2, pages 3-41.
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A. Gupta, Co. Wambebe & D. L. Parsons. (1990) Central and Cardiovascular Effects of the Alcoholic Extract of the Leaves of Carica papaya. International Journal of Crude Drug Research 28:4, pages 257-266.
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Nicholas Bachynsky. (1986) The Use of Anticholinergic Drugs for Smoking Cessation: A Pilot Study. International Journal of the Addictions 21:7, pages 789-805.
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John H. Wood & Thomas W. Leonard. (1983) Kinetic Implications of Drug Resorption from the Bladder. Drug Metabolism Reviews 14:3, pages 407-423.
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E. M. Sellers, R. C. Frecker & M. K. Romach. (1983) Drug Metabolism in the Elderly: Confounding of Age, Smoking, and Ethanol Effects. Drug Metabolism Reviews 14:2, pages 225-250.
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