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Research Article

Species Differences in Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics: Are We Close to an Understanding?

Pages 355-373 | Published online: 22 Sep 2008

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J. Kotthaus, T. Steinmetzer, J. Kotthaus, D. Schade, A. van de Locht & B. Clement. (2010) Metabolism and distribution of two highly potent and selective peptidomimetic inhibitors of matriptase. Xenobiotica 40:2, pages 93-101.
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Susan Hurst, Cho-Ming Loi, Joanne Brodfuehrer & Ayman El-Kattan. (2007) Impact of physiological, physicochemical and biopharmaceutical factors in absorption and metabolism mechanisms on the drug oral bioavailability of rats and humans. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 3:4, pages 469-489.
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K. Umehara, Y. Shimokawa, T. Koga, T. Ohtani & G. Miyamoto. (2004) Oxidative one-carbon cleavage of the octyl side chain of olanexidine, a novel antimicrobial agent, in dog liver microsomes. Xenobiotica 34:1, pages 61-71.
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S. Marini, E. Grasso, V. Longo, P. Puccini, B. Riccardi & P. Giovanni Gervasi. (2003) 4-Biphenylaldehyde and 9-anthraldehyde: two fluorescent substrates for determining P450 enzyme activities in rat and human. Xenobiotica 33:1, pages 1-11.
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M. Chiba, J. A. Nishime, W. Neway, Y. Lin & J. H. Lin. (2000) Comparative in vitro metabolism of indinavir in primates - a unique stereoselective hydroxylation in monkey. Xenobiotica 30:2, pages 117-129.
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R. D. WHALEN, P. N. V. TATA§G. J. BURCKART†R. VENKATARAMAN*. (1999) Species differences in the hepatic and intestinal metabolism of cyclosporine. Xenobiotica 29:1, pages 3-9.
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K. Taguchi, T. Konishi, H. Nishikawa & S. Kitamura. (1999) Identification of human cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of S-2-[4-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)phenyl]propionic acid. Xenobiotica 29:9, pages 899-907.
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K. C. BEAUMONT, N. J. CUSSANS, D. J. NICHOLS & D. A. SMITH. (1998) Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of darifenacin in the mouse, rat, dog and man. Xenobiotica 28:1, pages 63-75.
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S. MARINI. (1998) Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in pig nasal and hepatic tissues. Xenobiotica 28:10, pages 923-935.
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R. T. Coutts, Mimi V. Bach & G. B. Baker. (1997) Metabolism of amitriptyline with CYP2D6 expressed in a human cell line. Xenobiotica 27:1, pages 33-47.
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D. A. SMITH. (1997) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in toxicology. Xenobiotica 27:5, pages 513-525.
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A. NAKAMURA*T. HIROTA, A. MORINO, T. SHIMADA & T. UEMATSU. (1997) N-oxidation of irsogladine by the CYP2C subfamily in the rat, dog, monkey and man. Xenobiotica 27:10, pages 995-1003.
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K. UMEHARA, S. KUDO & M. ODOMI. (1997) Involvement of CYP2D1 in the metabolism of carteolol by male rat liver microsomes. Xenobiotica 27:11, pages 1121-1129.
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M. J. Humphrey. (1996) Application of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Studies to the Drug Discovery Process. Drug Metabolism Reviews 28:3, pages 473-489.
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S. G. Jezequel, S. Uden & P. Wastall. (1996) Modipafant, a new PAF antagonist: pharmacokinetics and disposition in rat, dog and man. Xenobiotica 26:9, pages 963-975.
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W. M. Zweers-zeilmaker, J. Batzias, R. F. M. Maas, G. J. Horbach, A. S. J. P. A. M. van Miert & R. F. Witkamp. (1996) In vitro and in vivo oxidative biotransformation in the West-African dwarf goat (Caprus hircus aegagrus): Substrate activities and effects of inducers. Xenobiotica 26:11, pages 1131-1141.
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K. C. Beaumont, A. G. Causey, P. E. Coates & D. A. Smith. (1996) Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of zamifenacin in mouse, rat, dog and man. Xenobiotica 26:4, pages 459-471.
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M. Spatzenegger & W. Jaeger. (1995) Clinical Importance of Hepatic Cytochrome P450 in Drug Metabolism. Drug Metabolism Reviews 27:3, pages 397-417.
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M. Berg-Candolfi, B. Dulery, F. Jehl & K. D. Haegele. (1995) Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the cardiotonic agent piroximone and of its major metabolite in dog. Xenobiotica 25:1, pages 59-70.
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Steven A. Wrighton, Mark Vandenbranden, Jeffrey C. Stevens, Lisa A. Shipley, Barbara J. Ring, John R. Cashman & Allan E. Rettie. (1993) In Vitro Methods for Assessing Human Hepatic Drug Metabolism: Their use in Drug Development. Drug Metabolism Reviews 25:4, pages 453-484.
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Steven A. Wrighton & Jeffrey C. Stevens. (1992) The Human Hepatic Cytochromes P450 Involved in Drug Metabolism. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 22:1, pages 1-21.
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D. A. Smith, H. S. Rasmussen, D. A. Stopher & D. K. Walker. (1992) Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of dofetilide in mouse, rat, dog and man. Xenobiotica 22:6, pages 709-719.
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