37
Views
80
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Oncogenes and Cancer: The p21 ras Genes

&
Pages 109-123 | Published online: 11 Jun 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (21)

Eli E Bar & Duncan Stearns. (2008) New developments in medulloblastoma treatment: the potential of a cyclopamine–lovastatin combination. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 17:2, pages 185-195.
Read now
Shin-Ichiro Fujiwara, Yoshihiro Yamashita, Young Lim Choi, Hideki Watanabe, Kentaro Kurashina, Manabu Soda, Munehiro Enomoto, Hisashi Hatanaka, Shuji Takada, Keiya Ozawa & Hiroyuki Mano. (2007) Transforming activity of purinergic receptor P2Y, G protein coupled, 8 revealed by retroviral expression screening. Leukemia & Lymphoma 48:5, pages 978-986.
Read now
James A. Radosevich, Karen A. Gould, George K. Koukoulis, G. Kenneth Haines, Steven T. Rosen, I. Lee & Victor E. Gould. (1993) Immunolocalization of ras Oncogene p21 in Human Liver Diseases. Ultrastructural Pathology 17:1, pages 1-8.
Read now
Samuel W. Needleman, John C. Gutheil, Vikram Kapil, Eugene F. Cimino, Gursharan Chana & Shrikant M. Mane. (1990) RAS Gene Product Expression in Blood and Marrow Smears of Patients with Acute Leukemia: Importance of Fixation. Pathology 22:2, pages 77-81.
Read now
Larry A. Donoso, Carol L. Shields & Eva Y-Hp Lee. (1989) Immunohistochemistry of retinoblastoma: A review. Ophthalmic Paediatrics and Genetics 10:1, pages 3-32.
Read now
James C. Stone, William C. Vass, Berthe M. Willumsen & Douglas R. Lowy. (1988) p21-ras Effector Domain Mutants Constructed by "Cassette" Mutagenesis. Molecular and Cellular Biology 8:8, pages 3565-3569.
Read now
Paul S. Anderson & Juan Carlos Lacal. (1987) Expression of the Aplysia Californica Rho Gene in Escherichia Coli: Purification and Characterization of Its Encoded p21 Product. Molecular and Cellular Biology 7:10, pages 3620-3628.
Read now
David J. Clanton, You Yong Lu, Donald G. Blair & Thomas Y. Shih. (1987) Structural Significance of the GTP-Binding Domain Of ras p21 Studied by Site-Directed Mutagenesis. Molecular and Cellular Biology 7:9, pages 3092-3097.
Read now
David G. Lowe & David V. Goeddel. (1987) Heterologous Expression and Characterization of the Human R-ras Gene Product. Molecular and Cellular Biology 7:8, pages 2845-2856.
Read now
Dvorit Samid, Denise M. Flessate & Robert M. Friedman. (1987) Interferon-Induced Revertants of ras-Transformed Cells: Resistance to Transformation by Specific Oncogenes and Retransformation by 5-Azacytidine. Molecular and Cellular Biology 7:6, pages 2196-2200.
Read now
Seisuke Hattori, David J. Clanton, Takaya Satoh, Shun Nakamura, Yoshito Kaziro, Masao Kawakita & Thomas Y. Shih. (1987) Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Against Ras Oncogene Product p21 Which Impairs Guanine Nucleotide Exchange. Molecular and Cellular Biology 7:5, pages 1999-2002.
Read now
Javier Leon, Isabel Guerrero & Angel Pellicer. (1987) Differential Expression of the ras Gene Family in Mice. Molecular and Cellular Biology 7:4, pages 1535-1540.
Read now
Berthe M. Willumsen, Alex G. Papageorge, Hsiang-Fu Kung, Eva Bekesi, Terry Robins, Morten Johnsen, William C. Vass & Douglas R. Lowy. (1986) Mutational Analysis of a ras Catalytic Domain. Molecular and Cellular Biology 6:7, pages 2646-2654.
Read now
Alex G. Papageorge, Berthe M. Willumsen, Morten Johnsen, Hsiang-Fu Kung, Dennis W. Stacey, William C. Vass & Douglas R. Lowy. (1986) A Transforming ras Gene Can Provide an Essential Function Ordinarily Supplied by an Endogenous ras Gene. Molecular and Cellular Biology 6:5, pages 1843-1846.
Read now
Wendy W. Colby, Joel S. Hayflick, Scott G. Clark & Arthur D. Levinson. (1986) Biochemical Characterization of Polypeptides Encoded by Mutated Human Ha-ras1 Genes. Molecular and Cellular Biology 6:2, pages 730-734.
Read now
David S. Salomon & Isabelle Perroteau. (1986) Basic Science Review: Growth Factors in Cancer and Their Relationship to Oncogenes. Cancer Investigation 4:1, pages 43-60.
Read now
Seisuke Hattori, Linda S. Ulsh, Karen Halliday & Thomas Y. Shih. (1985) Biochemical Properties of a Highly Purified v-rasH p21 Protein Overproduced in Escherichia coli and Inhibition of Its Activities by a Monoclonal Antibody. Molecular and Cellular Biology 5:6, pages 1449-1455.
Read now
Herbert L. Cooper, Nili Feuerstein, Makoto Noda & Robert H. Bassin. (1985) Suppression of Tropomyosin Synthesis, a Common Biochemical Feature of Oncogenesis by Structurally Diverse Retroviral Oncogenes. Molecular and Cellular Biology 5:5, pages 972-983.
Read now
Linda S. Ulsh & Thomas Y. Shih. (1984) Metabolic Turnover of Human c-rasH p21 Protein of EJ Bladder Carcinoma and Its Normal Cellular and Viral Homologs. Molecular and Cellular Biology 4:8, pages 1647-1652.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (59)

Menggang Liu & Ping Chen. (2017) Proliferation-inhibiting pathways in liver regeneration. Molecular Medicine Reports 16:1, pages 23-35.
Crossref
John G Edwards. (2002) Swim training increases ventricular atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) gene expression as an early adaptation to chronic exercise. Life Sciences 70:23, pages 2753-2768.
Crossref
Young-Bae Kim, Jee Young Han, Tae Sook Kim, Pum Soo Kim & Young Chae Chu. (2000) Overexpression of c-H-ras p21 is correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor expression and neovascularization in advanced gastric carcinoma. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 15:12, pages 1393-1399.
Crossref
XIAO-FENG SUN, HANNA EKBERG, HONG ZHANG, JOHN M. CARSTENSEN & B. NORDENSKJÖLD. (1998) Overexpression of ras is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal adenocarcinoma . APMIS 106:1-6, pages 657-664.
Crossref
M. Wartmann & R.J. Davis. (1994) The native structure of the activated Raf protein kinase is a membrane-bound multi-subunit complex.. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269:9, pages 6695-6701.
Crossref
Yuji Yaginuma, Masahiro Fujita, Satoshi Saitoh, Kazuhiko Hayakawa, Noboru Kuzumaki & Mutsuo Ishikawa. (1993) Immunohistochemical analysis of ras oncogene product p2l in human endometrial carcinoma. Acta Histochemica 95:1, pages 23-29.
Crossref
Walter Giaretti. (2018) Ploidy and Proliferation Evaluated by Flow Cytometry. An Overview of Techniques and Impact in Oncology. Tumori Journal 77:5, pages 403-419.
Crossref
Yoshinobu Hayashi, Toru Hachisuga, Tsuyoshi Iwasaka, Koichi Fukuda, Yoshinari Okuma, Masatoshi Yokoyama & Hajime Sugimori. (1991) Expression of ras oncogene product and EGF receptor in cervical squamous cell carcinomas and its relationship to lymph node involvement. Gynecologic Oncology 40:2, pages 147-151.
Crossref
D. Garcin, Y. Michal, F. Jault, M. Lyon, G. Lenoir & B. Jacquemont. (1990) Inhibition of HSV-1 multiplication in rat embryo fibroblasts constitutively expressing the EJ-ras oncogene. Virology 179:1, pages 208-216.
Crossref
Elissa Freer, N. W. Savage, G. J. Seymour, T. L. Dunn, M. F. Lavin & R. A. Gardiner. (1990) RAS oncogene product expression in normal and malignant oral mucosa. Australian Dental Journal 35:2, pages 141-146.
Crossref
Paul W. Brandt-Rauf, Robert P. Carty, James M. Chen, Grace Lee, Shalom Rackovsky & Matthew R. Pincus. (1990) The structure of the carboxyl terminus of the p21 protein. Structural relationship to the nucleotide-binding/transforming regions of the protein. Journal of Protein Chemistry 9:2, pages 137-142.
Crossref
Robert E. Flamm, Neal C. Birnberg & Leonard K. Kaczmarek. (1990) Transfection of activated ras into an excitable cell line (AtT-20) alters tetrodotoxin sensitivity of voltage-dependent sodium current. Pfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology 416:1-2, pages 120-125.
Crossref
Desiree S. Jansson, James A. Radosevich, Walter P. Carney, Steven T. Rosen, Jeffrey Schlom, Edgar D. Staren, Mathew J. Hyser & Victor E. Gould. (1990) An immunohistochemical analysis ofras oncogene expression in epithelial neoplasms of the colon. Cancer 65:6, pages 1329-1337.
Crossref
Cheryl Szpak, Roger E. McLendon, Jean F. Simpson, Ann Thor & William W. Johnston. (1990) The Application of Monoclonal Antibodies in the Cytologic Evaluation of Tumors. Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 10:1, pages 77-103.
Crossref
PATRICIA HORAN HAND, MAUREEN O. WEEKS, DAVID COLCHER, ANN THOR, NORIAKI OHUCHI, JACK GREINER, RAFFAELLA MURARO, DAVID WUNDERLICH, VINCENT VILASI, SIDNEY PESTKA, PHILIP NOGUCHI, ROBERT CUNNINGHAM & JEFFREY SCHLOM. 1990. Colon Cancer Cells. Colon Cancer Cells 397 428 .
Peter Herrlich, Helmut Ponta, Bernd Stein, Stephan Gebel, Harald König, Axel Schönthal, Marita Büscher & Hans J. Rahmsdorf. 1990. Activation of Hormone and Growth Factor Receptors. Activation of Hormone and Growth Factor Receptors 77 91 .
P. D. Lawley. 1990. Chemical Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis I. Chemical Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis I 409 469 .
Bogdan Czerniak, Fritz Herz, Wojciech Gorczyca & Leopold G. Koss. (1989) Expression ofras oncogene p21 protein in early gastric carcinoma and adjacent gastric epithelia. Cancer 64:7, pages 1467-1473.
Crossref
M SouyriI VigonM CharonP Tambourin. (1989) Oncogenicity of human N-ras oncogene and proto-oncogene introduced into retroviral vectors. Journal of Virology 63:9, pages 3944-3953.
Crossref
Douglas J. Franks, Jon P. Durkin & James F. Whitfield. (2005) Protein kinase C and a viral K‐RAS protein cooperatively enhance the response of adenylate cyclase to stimulators . Journal of Cellular Physiology 140:3, pages 409-417.
Crossref
Hidemi Yasuda, Hitoshi Kobayashi, Akira Ohkawara & Noboru Kuzumaki. (1989) Differential Expression of ras Oncogene Products Among the Types of Human Melanomas and Melanocytic Nevi. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 93:1, pages 54-59.
Crossref
Bogdan Czerniak, Rensheng Chen, Tomasz Tuziak, Maciej Markiewski, Andrzej Kram, Wojciech Gorczyca, Daniel Deitch, Fritz Herz & Leopold G. Koss. (1989) Expression of ras oncogene p21 protein in relation to regional spread of human breast carcinomas. Cancer 63:10, pages 2008-2013.
Crossref
T J VeluW C VassD R LowyP E Tambourin. (1989) Harvey murine sarcoma virus: influences of coding and noncoding sequences on cell transformation in vitro and oncogenicity in vivo. Journal of Virology 63:3, pages 1384-1392.
Crossref
Tetsuo Takeda, John R. Krause, John L. Carey & J. Philip McCoyJr.Jr.. (2005) Detection of the ras p21 gene product in human leukemias by flow cytometry. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 3:2, pages 108-115.
Crossref
JON P. DURKIN, BALU CHAKRAVARTHY, DOUG FRANKS, GEOFFREY MEALTNG, JEAN-LOUIS SCHWARTZ, ROGER TREMBLAY & JAMES F. WHITFIELD. (1988) Early Cellular Responses to the Activation of a Mitogenic/Oncogenic Viral K-RAS Protein. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 551:1 Membrane in C, pages 186-200.
Crossref
Brent Treiger & John Isaacs. (1988) Expression of a Transfected v-Harvey- Ras Oncogene in a Dunning Rat Prostate Adenocarcinoma and the Development of High Metastatic Ability. The Journal of Urology 140:6, pages 1580-1586.
Crossref
N Ohmi, M Hoshino, M Tagaya, T Fukui, M Kawakita & S Hattori. (1988) Affinity labeling of ras oncogene product p21 with guanosine diphospho- and triphosphopyridoxals.. Journal of Biological Chemistry 263:28, pages 14261-14266.
Crossref
D S Reynolds, W E Serafin, D V Faller, D A Wall, A K Abbas, A M Dvorak, K F Austen & R L Stevens. (1988) Immortalization of murine connective tissue-type mast cells at multiple stages of their differentiation by coculture of splenocytes with fibroblasts that produce Kirsten sarcoma virus.. Journal of Biological Chemistry 263:25, pages 12783-12791.
Crossref
Timothy L. Dunn, Gregory J. Seymour, Robert A. Gardiner, Geoffery M. Strutton & Martin F. Lavin. (2005) Immunocytochemical demonstration of p21 ras in normal and transitional cell carcinoma urothelium . The Journal of Pathology 156:1, pages 59-65.
Crossref
Alfonso VALENCIA, Luis SERRANO, Rafael CABALLERO, Paul S. ANDERSON & Juan Carlos LACAL. (2005) Conformational alterations detected by circular dichroism induced in the normal ras p21 protein by activating point mutations at position 12, 59, or 61 . European Journal of Biochemistry 174:4, pages 621-627.
Crossref
Alfred Pingoud, Mathias Wehrmann, Uwe Pieper, Frank Ulrich Gast, Claus Urbanke, Juergen Alves, Juergen Feuerstein & Alfred Wittinghofer. (2002) Spectroscopic and hydrodynamic studies reveal structural differences in normal and transforming H-ras gene products. Biochemistry 27:13, pages 4735-4740.
Crossref
G. LANZA. (1988) ras p21 oncoprotein expression in human colonic neoplasia?an immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibody RAP-5. Histopathology 12:6, pages 595-609.
Crossref
YIN-TAK WOO, DAVID Y. LAI, JOSEPH C. ARCOS & MARY F. ARGUS. 1988. Natural, Metal, Fiber, and Macromolecular Carcinogens. Natural, Metal, Fiber, and Macromolecular Carcinogens 3 616 .
Chien-Hua Niu, Kyouhoon Han & Peter P. Roller. 1988. Peptides. Peptides 572 574 .
Bogdan Czerniak, Fritz Herz, Leopold G. Koss & Jeffrey Schlom. (1987) ras oncogene p21 as a tumor marker in the cytodiagnosis of gastric and colonic carcinomas. Cancer 60:10, pages 2432-2436.
Crossref
K Yoshida, L Venkatesh, M Kuppuswamy & G Chinnadurai. (1987) Adenovirus transforming 19-kD T antigen has an enhancer-dependent trans-activation function and relieves enhancer repression mediated by viral and cellular genes.. Genes & Development 1:7, pages 645-658.
Crossref
T N Fredrickson, R R O'Neill, R A Rutledge, T S Theodore, M A Martin, S K Ruscetti, J B Austin & J W Hartley. (1987) Biologic and molecular characterization of two newly isolated ras-containing murine leukemia viruses. Journal of Virology 61:7, pages 2109-2119.
Crossref
Arthur H. Lockwood, Suzanne K. Murphy, Steven Borislow, Adam Lazarus & Maryanne Pendergast. (2004) Cellular signal transduction and the reversal of malignancy. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 33:4, pages 237-255.
Crossref
Jeffrey S. FlierMichael M. MuecklerPatricia UsherHarvey F. Lodish. (1987) Elevated Levels of Glucose Transport and Transporter Messenger RNA Are Induced by ras or src Oncogenes . Science 235:4795, pages 1492-1495.
Crossref
C. Wasylyk, J.L. Imler, J. Perez-Mutul & B. Wasylyk. (1987) The c-Ha-ras oncogene and a tumor promoter activate the polyoma virus enhancer. Cell 48:3, pages 525-534.
Crossref
Douglas J. Franks, James F. Whitfield & Jon P. Durkin. (2004) Viral P21 Ki‐RAS protein: A potent intracellular mitogen that stimulates adenylate cyclase activity in early G 1 phase of cultured rat cells . Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 33:2, pages 87-94.
Crossref
James F. Whitfield, Jon P. Durkin, Douglas J. Franks, Leonard P. Kleine, Leda Raptis, Raymond H. Rixon, Marianna Sikorska & P. Roy Walker. (1987) Calcium, cyclic AMP and protein kinase C ? partners in mitogenesis. Cancer and Metastasis Review 5:3, pages 205-250.
Crossref
A. Thor, N. Ohuchi, P. Horan Hand, M. O. Weeks, W. W. Johnston, C. A. Szpak & J. Schlom. 1987. Application of Monoclonal Antibodies in Tumor Pathology. Application of Monoclonal Antibodies in Tumor Pathology 283 296 .
S Hattori, T Yamashita, T D Copeland, S Oroszlan & T Y Shih. (1986) Reactivity of a sulfhydryl group of the ras oncogene product p21 modulated by GTP binding.. Journal of Biological Chemistry 261:31, pages 14582-14586.
Crossref
Arnaldo Caruso, Jeffrey Schlom, Vincent Vilasi, Maureen O. Weeks & Patricia Horan Hand. (2006) Development of quantitative liquid competition radioimmunoassays for the ras oncogene and proto‐oncogene p21 products . International Journal of Cancer 38:4, pages 587-595.
Crossref
J.Peter Fuhrer, Flora DeBiasi, Herbert L. Cooper & Jeffrey Schlom. (1986) Analysis of ras oncogene products by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis: Evidence for protein families with distinctive molecular forms. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 866:4, pages 204-215.
Crossref
Alexander Levitzki, Joyce Rudick, Ira Pastan, William C. Vass & Douglas R. Lowy. (1986) Adenylate cyclase activity of NIH 3T3 cells morphologically transformed by ras genes . FEBS Letters 197:1-2, pages 134-138.
Crossref
J.M. Backer & I.B. Weinstein. (1986) Proteins encoded by ras oncogenes stimulate or inhibit phosphorylation of specific mitochondrial membrane proteins. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 135:1, pages 316-322.
Crossref
Arthur D. Levinson. (1986) Normal and activated ras oncogenes and their encoded products. Trends in Genetics 2, pages 81-85.
Crossref
W. Imagawa, G. Bandyopadhyay, M. Spencer, J. Li & S. Nandi. 1986. Breast Cancer: Origins, Detection, and Treatment. Breast Cancer: Origins, Detection, and Treatment 31 41 .
Douglas R. Lowy. (1985) Oncogenes Are Here to Stay. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 85:6, pages 495-497.
Crossref
Z Q Chen, L S Ulsh, G DuBois & T Y Shih. (1985) Posttranslational processing of p21 ras proteins involves palmitylation of the C-terminal tetrapeptide containing cysteine-186. Journal of Virology 56:2, pages 607-612.
Crossref
Douglas J. Franks, James F. Whitfield & Jon P. Durkin. (1985) The mitogenic/oncogenic p21 Ki-RAS protein stimulates adenylate cyclase activity early in the G1 phase of NRK rat kidney cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 132:2, pages 780-786.
Crossref
Suzanne K. Beckner, Seisuke Hattori & Thomas Y. Shih. (1985) The ras oncogene product p21 is not a regulatory component of adenylate cyclase. Nature 317:6032, pages 71-72.
Crossref
Jackson B. Gibbs, Irving S. Sigal & Edward M. Scolnick. (1985) Biochemical properties of normal and oncogenic ras p21. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 10:9, pages 350-353.
Crossref
Deborah DeFeo-Jones, Kelly Tatchell, Lucy C. Robinson, Irving S. Sigal, William C. Vass, Douglas R. Lowy & Edward M. Scolnick. (1985) Mammalian and Yeast ras Gene Products: Biological Function in Their Heterologous Systems . Science 228:4696, pages 179-184.
Crossref
Diane R. Makowski, Paul G. Rothberg & Susan M. Astrin. (1985) Cellular transformation by avian viruses. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 27:1, pages 63-97.
Crossref
Nili Feuerstein & Iqbal Unnisa Ali. (2004) Comparative analysis of p21 proteins from various cell types by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 29:3, pages 253-263.
Crossref
A. Thor, P. Horan Hand, D. Wunderlich, A. Caruso, R. Muraro & J. Schlom. (1984) Monoclonal antibodies define differential ras gene expression in malignant and benign colonic diseases. Nature 311:5986, pages 562-565.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.