24
Views
51
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Alkylation of the O6 of Guanine is Only One of Many Chemical Events that May Initiate Carcinogenesis

Pages 233-238 | Published online: 11 Jun 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (1)

Articles from other publishers (50)

Yupeng Li & Stephen S. Hecht. (2022) Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic N-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly Exposed. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23:9, pages 4559.
Crossref
Hailey L. Gahlon & Shana J. Sturla. (2013) Hydrogen Bonding or Stacking Interactions in Differentiating Duplex Stability in Oligonucleotides Containing Synthetic Nucleoside Probes for Alkylated DNA. Chemistry – A European Journal 19:33, pages 11062-11067.
Crossref
A. P. Iatsyshyna. (2013) MGMT expression: insights into its regulation. 1. Epigenetic factors. Biopolymers and Cell 29:2, pages 99-106.
Crossref
Gunnar Boysen, Brian F. Pachkowski, Jun Nakamura & James A. Swenberg. (2009) The formation and biological significance of N7-guanine adducts. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 678:2, pages 76-94.
Crossref
Ji-Ching Lai, Ya-Wen Cheng, Yih-Gang Goan, Jinghua Tsai Chang, Tzu-Chin Wu, Chih-Yi Chen & Huei Lee. (2008) Promoter methylation of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase in lung cancer is regulated by p53. DNA Repair 7:8, pages 1352-1363.
Crossref
John C. Stavridis. 2008. Oxidation: The Cornerstone of Carcinogenesis. Oxidation: The Cornerstone of Carcinogenesis 127 135 .
Meenakshi Sawhney, Nidhi Rohatgi, Jatinder Kaur, Siddhartha D. Gupta, Suryanaryana V.S. Deo, Nootan K. Shukla & Ranju Ralhan. (2007) MGMT expression in oral precancerous and cancerous lesions: Correlation with progression, nodal metastasis and poor prognosis. Oral Oncology 43:5, pages 515-522.
Crossref
María J. Rodríguez, Amelia Acha, María T. Ruesga, Carlos Rodríguez, José M. Rivera & José M. Aguirre. (2007) Loss of expression of DNA repair enzyme MGMT in oral leukoplakia and early oral squamous cell carcinoma. A prognostic tool?. Cancer Letters 245:1-2, pages 263-268.
Crossref
David J. Snodin. (2006) Residues of genotoxic alkyl mesylates in mesylate salt drug substances: Real or imaginary problems?. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 45:1, pages 79-90.
Crossref
Masafumi Miyazaki, Eika Sugawara, Teruki Yoshimura, Hiroshi Yamazaki & Tetsuya Kamataki. (2005) Mutagenic activation of betel quid-specific N-nitrosamines catalyzed by human cytochrome P450 coexpressed with NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in Salmonella typhimurium YG7108. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 581:1-2, pages 165-171.
Crossref
Chunlai Zuo, Lingbao Ai, Pam Ratliff, James Y. Suen, Ehab Hanna, Thomas P. Brent & Chun-Yang Fan. (2004) O 6 -Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase Gene: Epigenetic Silencing and Prognostic Value in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma . Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 13:6, pages 967-975.
Crossref
Gulzar Wani & Steven M. D'Ambrosio. (2006) Differential expression of the o 6 ‐alkylguanine‐DNA alkyltransferase gene in normal human breast and skin tissue: In situ mapping of cell type‐specific expression . Molecular Carcinogenesis 12:3, pages 177-184.
Crossref
Javed Musarrat, Jasna Arezina, Shahab Uddin & Altaf A. Wani. (1995) Induction and processing of promutagenic 04-ethylthymine lesion in specific gene segments of plasmid DNA. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 1260:3, pages 276-284.
Crossref
K. Mineura, I. Izumi, K. Watanabe, M. Kowada, K. Kohda & M. Ikenaga. (1994) Potential of O6-methylguanine or O6-benzylguanine in the enhancement of chloroethylnitrosourea cytotoxicity on brain tumours. Acta Neurochirurgica 128:1-4, pages 13-20.
Crossref
Steven S. Smith. 1994. 65 111 .
Anthony A. Frank, John M. Collier, Carol S. Forsyth, Wenguang Zeng & Gary D. Stoner. (2005) Ellagic acid embryoprotection in vitro: Distribution and effects on DNA adduct formation. Teratology 47:4, pages 275-280.
Crossref
John DiGiovanni. (1992) Multistage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 54:1, pages 63-128.
Crossref
Toshiaki Ogiu, Hiroko Fukami & Mayumi Nishimura. (1992) DNA strand breaks and death of thymocytes induced byN-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 118:1, pages 23-29.
Crossref
Ashis K. Basu & John M. Essigmann. (1990) Site-specifically alkylated oligodeoxynucleotides: Probes for mutagenesis, DNA repair and the structural effects of DNA damage. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 233:1-2, pages 189-201.
Crossref
A. E. Pegg. 1990. Chemical Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis II. Chemical Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis II 103 131 .
Shinya Shibutani, Robert Gentles & Francis Johnson. 1990. Nitroarenes. Nitroarenes 135 147 .
Altaf A. Wani, Gulzar Wani & Steven M. D’Ambrosio. 1990. DNA Damage and Repair in Human Tissues. DNA Damage and Repair in Human Tissues 417 435 .
Alain Barbin & Helmut Bartsch. (1989) Nucleophilic selectivity as a determinant of carcinogenic potency (TD50) in rodents: a comparison of mono- and bi-functional alkylating agents and vinyl chloride metabolites. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 215:1, pages 95-106.
Crossref
Anthony A. Frank, Evelyn A. Kazacos, Ronald L. Hullinger & Daniel J. Thompson. (2005) Teratogenicity of 3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐phenyltriazene in the rat: Histopathologic and ultrastructural alterations. Teratology 40:5, pages 495-504.
Crossref
Willie J. Washington, Robert S. Foote, William C. Dunn, Walderico M. Generoso & Sankar Mitra. (1989) Age-dependent modulation of tissue-specific repair activity for 3-methyladenine and O6-methylguanine in DNA in inbred mice. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 48:1, pages 43-52.
Crossref
R. L. Hettich. (1989) The differentiation of methyl guanosine isomers by laser ionization fourier transform mass spectrometry. Biological Mass Spectrometry 18:4, pages 265-277.
Crossref
Anthony E. Pegg & M. Eileen Dolan. 1989. DNA Repair Mechanisms and Their Biological Implications in Mammalian Cells. DNA Repair Mechanisms and Their Biological Implications in Mammalian Cells 45 59 .
James C. Ball, Irving T. Salmeen & Suzanne M. Morris. (1989) Mutagenicity and induction of sister chromatid exchange by optically active enantiomers of secondary butyl methanesulfonate. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 13:2, pages 100-106.
Crossref
Willie J. Washington, William C. DunnJr.Jr., Walderico M. Generoso & Sankar Mitra. (1988) Tissue-specific variation in repair activity for 3-methyladenine in DNA in two stocks of mice. Mutation Research Letters 207:3-4, pages 165-169.
Crossref
A.T. Fong, J.D. Hendricks, R.H. Dashwood, S. Van Winkle & G.S. Bailey. (1988) Formation and persistence of ethylguanines in liver DNA of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) treated with diethylnitrosamine by water exposure. Food and Chemical Toxicology 26:8, pages 699-704.
Crossref
Anthony E. Pegg, Kazushige Morimoto & M.Eileen Dolan. (1988) Investigation of the specificity of O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase. Chemico-Biological Interactions 65:3, pages 275-281.
Crossref
P. Karran & J. Hall. 1988. Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology. Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology 188 197 .
David A. Scicchitano & Anthony E. Pegg. (1987) Inhibition of O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase by metals. Mutation Research Letters 192:3, pages 207-210.
Crossref
B D Preston, B Singer & L A Loeb. (1987) Comparison of the relative mutagenicities of O-alkylthymines site-specifically incorporated into phi X174 DNA.. Journal of Biological Chemistry 262:28, pages 13821-13827.
Crossref
Heinz Walter Thielmann, Lutz Edler, Max Roland Burkhardt & Ernst Gustav Jung. (1987) DNA repair synthesis in fibroblast strains from patients with actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, or malignant melanoma after treatment with ultraviolet light, N-acetoxy-2-acetyl-aminofluorene, methyl methanesulfonate, and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 113:2, pages 171-186.
Crossref
Benjamin F. L. Li, Colin B. Reese & Peter F. Swann. (2002) Synthesis and characterization of oligodeoxynucleotides containing 4-O-methylthymine. Biochemistry 26:4, pages 1086-1093.
Crossref
Harry L. Duran & Altaf A. Wani. (1987) Site-specific gap-misrepair mutagenesis by O4-ethylthymine. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 908:1, pages 60-69.
Crossref
Anthony E. Pegg & M. Eileen Dolan. (1987) Properties and assay of mammalian O6-alkyguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 34:2, pages 167-179.
Crossref
Heinz Walter Thielmann, Lutz Edler & Susanne Friemel. (1986) Xeroderma pigmentosum patients from Germany: repair capacity of 45 XP fibroblast strains of the Mannheim XP Collection as measured by colony-forming ability and unscheduled DNA synthesis following treatment with methyl methanesulfonate and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 112:3, pages 245-257.
Crossref
R.J. Epstein. (1986) Is your initiator really necessary?. Journal of Theoretical Biology 122:3, pages 359-374.
Crossref
M. Wiessler. (1986) DNA adducts by N-nitroso compounds. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 112:2, pages 81-84.
Crossref
Elizabeth C. Miller. 1986. Biological Reactive Intermediates III. Biological Reactive Intermediates III 1029 1037 .
C. P. Wild, D. Umbenhauer, B. Chapot & R. Montesano. (2004) Monitoring of individual human exposure to aflatoxins (AF) and N‐nitrosamines (NNO) by immunoassays. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 30:2, pages 171-179.
Crossref
Alain Barbin, Francoise Besson, Marie-Hélène Perrard, Jean-Claude Béréziat, John Kaldor, Georges Michel & Helmut Bartsch. (1985) Induction of specific base-pair substitutions in E. coli trpA mutants by chloroenthylene oxide, a carcinogenic vinyl chloride metabolite. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 152:2-3, pages 147-156.
Crossref
J A Swenberg, F C Richardson, J A Boucheron & M C Dyroff. (1985) Relationships between DNA adduct formation and carcinogenesis.. Environmental Health Perspectives 62, pages 177-183.
Crossref
A E Pegg, M E Dolan, D Scicchitano & K Morimoto. (1985) Studies of the repair of O6-alkylguanine and O4-alkylthymine in DNA by alkyltransferases from mammalian cells and bacteria.. Environmental Health Perspectives 62, pages 109-114.
Crossref
R. Montesano, R. Becker, J. Hall, A. Likhachev, S.H. Lu, D. Umbenhauer & C.P. Wild. (1985) Repair of DNA alkylation adducts in mammalian cells. Biochimie 67:9, pages 919-928.
Crossref
Richard A. Becker, Shih Shin Lu, Henriette Brésil, Ronald C. Shank & Ruggero Montesano. (1985) DNA ethylation in target and non-target organs of hamsters and rats treated with diethylnitrosamine. Cancer Letters 26:1, pages 17-24.
Crossref
R. B. Setlow. 1985. Assessment of Risk from Low-Level Exposure to Radiation and Chemicals. Assessment of Risk from Low-Level Exposure to Radiation and Chemicals 251 260 .
R. B. Setlow. 1985. Epidemiology and Quantitation of Environmental Risk in Humans from Radiation and Other Agents. Epidemiology and Quantitation of Environmental Risk in Humans from Radiation and Other Agents 375 381 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.