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Research Article

Increased daily sodium intake is an independent dietary indicator of the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged subjects

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Pages 627-634 | Received 11 Jan 2011, Accepted 21 Apr 2011, Published online: 10 Sep 2012

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Sepideh Soltani, Roya Kolahdouz Mohammadi, Sakineh Shab-Bidar, Mohammadreza Vafa & Amin Salehi-Abargouei. (2019) Sodium status and the metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 59:2, pages 196-206.
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Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian, Fahimeh Haghighatdoost, Pamela J. Surkan & Leila Azadbakht. (2017) Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 68:3, pages 265-277.
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Natália Gonçalves Ribeiro, Deborah F. Lelis, Maria del Carmen B. Molina, Maria I. Schmidt, Bruce B. Duncan, Rosane H. Griep, Sandhi M. Barreto, Isabela Bensenor, Paulo A. Lotufo, José G. Mill & Marcelo P. Baldo. (2023) The high salt intake in adults with metabolic syndrome is related to increased waist circumference and blood pressure: the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health study (ELSA-Brasil). Nutrition 114, pages 112108.
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Lu Yin, Sidong Li, Yongmei He, Lin Yang, Li Wang, Chao Li, Yaqin Wang, Jing Wang, Pingting Yang, Jiangang Wang, Zhiheng Chen & Ying Li. (2023) Impact of urinary sodium excretion on the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome: a population-based study. BMJ Open 13:4, pages e065402.
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Yi-Jie Wang, Kuo-Liong Chien, Hsiu-Ching Hsu, Hung-Ju Lin, Ta-Chen Su, Ming-Fong Chen & Yuan-Teh Lee. (2021) Urinary sodium excretion and the risk of CVD: a community-based cohort study in Taiwan. British Journal of Nutrition 127:7, pages 1086-1097.
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Dongwoo Ham, YoungYun Cho, Mi-Suk Park, Yun-Sug Park, Sun-Young Kim, Hye-Min Seol, Yoo Mi Park, Sunok Woo, Hyojee Joung & Do-Sun Lim. (2020) Inverse association of improved adherence to dietary guidelines with metabolic syndrome: the Seoul Metabolic Syndrome Management program. Nutrition Research and Practice 14:6, pages 621.
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Tali Elfassy, Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani, Linda Van Horn, Marc Gellman, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Neil Schneiderman, Martha Daviglus, Jeannette M Beasley, Maria M. Llabre, Pamela A. ShawGuillermo Prado, Hermes Florez & Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri. (2018) Associations of Sodium and Potassium with Obesity Measures Among Diverse US Hispanic/Latino Adults: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Obesity 26:2, pages 442-450.
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Yong Min Kim, So Hyun Kim & Young Suk Shim. (2018) Association of sodium intake with insulin resistance in Korean children and adolescents: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 31:2, pages 117-125.
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Cheol Hwan So, Hwal Rim Jeong & Young Suk Shim. (2017) Association of the urinary sodium to urinary specific gravity ratio with metabolic syndrome in Korean children and adolescents: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2013. PLOS ONE 12:12, pages e0189934.
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Harry Robberecht, Tess De Bruyne & Nina Hermans. (2017) Biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome: Influence of minerals, oligo- and trace elements. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 43, pages 23-28.
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Jeong Eun SeoHong Soo LeeSang Wha LeeKyung Won ShimA Ri ByunJung Hwa KimHee Jeong AnHyejin Chun. (2017) The Association between Urinary Sodium Excretion and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults from the 2010–2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean Journal of Family Medicine 38:4, pages 199.
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Yoon Hong Chun, Kyungdo Han, Do Hoon Kim, Yong Gyu Park, Kyung Hwan Cho, Youn Seon Choi, Seon Mee Kim, Yang Hyun Kim & Ga Eun Nam. (2016) Association of Urinary Sodium Excretion With Insulin Resistance in Korean Adolescents. Medicine 95:17, pages e3447.
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Zeng Ge, Jiyu Zhang, Xiaorong Chen, Liuxia Yan, Xiaolei Guo, Zilong Lu, Aiqiang Xu & Jixiang Ma. (2015) Are 24 h urinary sodium excretion and sodium:potassium independently associated with obesity in Chinese adults?. Public Health Nutrition 19:6, pages 1074-1080.
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Margaret A. Maher & Lisa Kobs. 2016. Beverage Impacts on Health and Nutrition. Beverage Impacts on Health and Nutrition 193 206 .
Zeng Ge, Xiaolei Guo, Xiaorong Chen, Junli Tang, Liuxia Yan, Jie Ren, Jiyu Zhang, Zilong Lu, Jing Dong, Jianwei Xu, Xiaoning Cai, Hao Liang & Jixiang Ma. (2015) Association between 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and the metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults: the Shandong and Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension (SMASH) study. British Journal of Nutrition 113:6, pages 996-1002.
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Hyun Woo OhHyun Jung KimDae Won JunSeung Min Lee. (2015) Associations between 24-hour Urine Sodium Excretion Level and Obesity-related Metabolic Risk Factors. Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 20:6, pages 460.
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Parvin Mirmiran, Zahra Bahadoran, Hossein Delshad & Fereidoun Azizi. (2014) Effects of energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks on the incidence of metabolic syndrome: A prospective approach in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Nutrition 30:5, pages 538-543.
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Jinsong Wang, Barbara C Olendzki, Nicole M Wedick, Gioia M Persuitte, Annie L Culver, Wenjun Li, Philip A Merriam, James Carmody, Hua Fang, Zhiying Zhang, Gin-Fei Olendzki, Liang Zheng & Yunsheng Ma. (2013) Challenges in sodium intake reduction and meal consumption patterns among participants with metabolic syndrome in a dietary trial. Nutrition Journal 12:1.
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Y S Yoon & S W Oh. (2012) Sodium density and obesity; the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2010. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 67:2, pages 141-146.
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