Advanced search
Publication Cover
Autoimmunity Volume 9, 1991 - Issue 3
Submit an article Journal homepage
74
Views
52
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies in Thyroid Disorders and Non-Thyroid Autoimmune Diseases

U. Feldt-Rasmussen Depts of Med F and Oncol R, Herlev Univ Hosp, Autoimmune Lab, State Serum Inst, Dept of Med E and Rheumatol, Frederiksberg Hosp, Steno Memorial Hosp, Depts of Obstet and Gynaecol, Gentofte Univ Hospital and State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept of Med TTA, State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen University, Depts of Surg and Clin Chem, Odense Univ, Hosp, Denmark
,
M. Høier-Madsen Depts of Med F and Oncol R, Herlev Univ Hosp, Autoimmune Lab, State Serum Inst, Dept of Med E and Rheumatol, Frederiksberg Hosp, Steno Memorial Hosp, Depts of Obstet and Gynaecol, Gentofte Univ Hospital and State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept of Med TTA, State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen University, Depts of Surg and Clin Chem, Odense Univ, Hosp, Denmark
,
K. Bech Depts of Med F and Oncol R, Herlev Univ Hosp, Autoimmune Lab, State Serum Inst, Dept of Med E and Rheumatol, Frederiksberg Hosp, Steno Memorial Hosp, Depts of Obstet and Gynaecol, Gentofte Univ Hospital and State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept of Med TTA, State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen University, Depts of Surg and Clin Chem, Odense Univ, Hosp, Denmark
,
M. Blichert-Toft Depts of Med F and Oncol R, Herlev Univ Hosp, Autoimmune Lab, State Serum Inst, Dept of Med E and Rheumatol, Frederiksberg Hosp, Steno Memorial Hosp, Depts of Obstet and Gynaecol, Gentofte Univ Hospital and State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept of Med TTA, State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen University, Depts of Surg and Clin Chem, Odense Univ, Hosp, Denmark
,
H. Bliddal Depts of Med F and Oncol R, Herlev Univ Hosp, Autoimmune Lab, State Serum Inst, Dept of Med E and Rheumatol, Frederiksberg Hosp, Steno Memorial Hosp, Depts of Obstet and Gynaecol, Gentofte Univ Hospital and State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept of Med TTA, State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen University, Depts of Surg and Clin Chem, Odense Univ, Hosp, Denmark
,
J. Date Depts of Med F and Oncol R, Herlev Univ Hosp, Autoimmune Lab, State Serum Inst, Dept of Med E and Rheumatol, Frederiksberg Hosp, Steno Memorial Hosp, Depts of Obstet and Gynaecol, Gentofte Univ Hospital and State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept of Med TTA, State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen University, Depts of Surg and Clin Chem, Odense Univ, Hosp, Denmark
,
B. Danneskiold-samsøe Depts of Med F and Oncol R, Herlev Univ Hosp, Autoimmune Lab, State Serum Inst, Dept of Med E and Rheumatol, Frederiksberg Hosp, Steno Memorial Hosp, Depts of Obstet and Gynaecol, Gentofte Univ Hospital and State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept of Med TTA, State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen University, Depts of Surg and Clin Chem, Odense Univ, Hosp, Denmark
,
L. Hegedüs Depts of Med F and Oncol R, Herlev Univ Hosp, Autoimmune Lab, State Serum Inst, Dept of Med E and Rheumatol, Frederiksberg Hosp, Steno Memorial Hosp, Depts of Obstet and Gynaecol, Gentofte Univ Hospital and State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept of Med TTA, State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen University, Depts of Surg and Clin Chem, Odense Univ, Hosp, Denmark
,
E. Hippe Depts of Med F and Oncol R, Herlev Univ Hosp, Autoimmune Lab, State Serum Inst, Dept of Med E and Rheumatol, Frederiksberg Hosp, Steno Memorial Hosp, Depts of Obstet and Gynaecol, Gentofte Univ Hospital and State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept of Med TTA, State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen University, Depts of Surg and Clin Chem, Odense Univ, Hosp, Denmark
,
P. J. Hornnes Depts of Med F and Oncol R, Herlev Univ Hosp, Autoimmune Lab, State Serum Inst, Dept of Med E and Rheumatol, Frederiksberg Hosp, Steno Memorial Hosp, Depts of Obstet and Gynaecol, Gentofte Univ Hospital and State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept of Med TTA, State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen University, Depts of Surg and Clin Chem, Odense Univ, Hosp, Denmark
,
N. J. Kriegbaum Depts of Med F and Oncol R, Herlev Univ Hosp, Autoimmune Lab, State Serum Inst, Dept of Med E and Rheumatol, Frederiksberg Hosp, Steno Memorial Hosp, Depts of Obstet and Gynaecol, Gentofte Univ Hospital and State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept of Med TTA, State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen University, Depts of Surg and Clin Chem, Odense Univ, Hosp, Denmark
,
M. Müller Depts of Med F and Oncol R, Herlev Univ Hosp, Autoimmune Lab, State Serum Inst, Dept of Med E and Rheumatol, Frederiksberg Hosp, Steno Memorial Hosp, Depts of Obstet and Gynaecol, Gentofte Univ Hospital and State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept of Med TTA, State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen University, Depts of Surg and Clin Chem, Odense Univ, Hosp, Denmark
,
H. Perrild Depts of Med F and Oncol R, Herlev Univ Hosp, Autoimmune Lab, State Serum Inst, Dept of Med E and Rheumatol, Frederiksberg Hosp, Steno Memorial Hosp, Depts of Obstet and Gynaecol, Gentofte Univ Hospital and State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept of Med TTA, State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen University, Depts of Surg and Clin Chem, Odense Univ, Hosp, Denmark
,
N. G. Rasmussen Depts of Med F and Oncol R, Herlev Univ Hosp, Autoimmune Lab, State Serum Inst, Dept of Med E and Rheumatol, Frederiksberg Hosp, Steno Memorial Hosp, Depts of Obstet and Gynaecol, Gentofte Univ Hospital and State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept of Med TTA, State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen University, Depts of Surg and Clin Chem, Odense Univ, Hosp, Denmark
,
B. Rasmusson Depts of Med F and Oncol R, Herlev Univ Hosp, Autoimmune Lab, State Serum Inst, Dept of Med E and Rheumatol, Frederiksberg Hosp, Steno Memorial Hosp, Depts of Obstet and Gynaecol, Gentofte Univ Hospital and State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept of Med TTA, State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen University, Depts of Surg and Clin Chem, Odense Univ, Hosp, Denmark
&
A. Schouboe Depts of Med F and Oncol R, Herlev Univ Hosp, Autoimmune Lab, State Serum Inst, Dept of Med E and Rheumatol, Frederiksberg Hosp, Steno Memorial Hosp, Depts of Obstet and Gynaecol, Gentofte Univ Hospital and State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept of Med TTA, State Hosp, Dept of Med C, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen University, Depts of Surg and Clin Chem, Odense Univ, Hosp, Denmark
 show all
Pages 245-254 | Received 05 Sep 1990, Accepted 13 Jan 1991, Published online: 07 Jul 2009

Citations (52)

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Subscribe to citation updates

Read on this site (5)

David Sinclair. (2008) Analytical aspects of thyroid antibodies estimation. Autoimmunity 41:1, pages 46-54.
Read now
David Sinclair. (2006) Thyroid antibodies: which, why, when and who?. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 2:5, pages 665-669.
Read now
Allan Carlé, Peter Laurberg, Nils Knudsen, Hans Perrild, Lars Ovesen, Lone Banke Rasmussen, Torben Jorgensen & Inge Bülow Pedersen. (2006) Thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin auto-antibodies in patients with newly diagnosed overt hypothyroidism. Autoimmunity 39:6, pages 497-503.
Read now
Lene Lavard, Hans Perrild, Bendt Brock Jacobsen, Mimmi Høier-Madsen, Giovanna Bendinelli & Paolo Vitti. (2000) Prevalence of Thyroid Peroxidase, Thyroglobulin and Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies in a Long-Term Follow-Up of Juvenile Graves Disease. Autoimmunity 32:3, pages 167-172.
Read now
Heinz Haubruck, Ludwig Mauch, Neil J. Cook, Ute Steffens, Nicholas Hunt, Heike Berthold, Heike Niemann, Christiane Wirbelauer & Wolfgang Northemann. (1993) Expression of Recombinant Human Thyroid Peroxidase by the Baculovirus System and Its Use in Elisa Screening for Diagnosis of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Autoimmunity 15:4, pages 275-284.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (47)

Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen. (2022) Radioiodine Therapy of Anti-TPO Positive Patients with Graves’ Disease Is Associated with Early Hypothyroidism. Clinical Thyroidology 34:8, pages 336-338.
Crossref
C. C-H. Peng & E. N. Pearce. (2022) An update on thyroid disorders in the postpartum period. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 45:8, pages 1497-1506.
Crossref
Sofie Bliddal, Arash DerakhshanYi XiaoLiang-Miao ChenTuija MännistöGhalia AshoorFangbiao TaoSuzanne J. BrownMarina VafeiadiSachiko ItohElena Nikolaevna GrinevaPeter TaylorFarkhanda GhafoorBijay VaidyaAndrew HattersleyLorena Mosso, Emily OkenReiko KishiErik K. AlexanderSpyridoula MarakaKun HuangLayal ChakerJudit BassolsAmna PirzadaAbel López-BermejoLaura BoucaiRobin P. PeetersElizabeth N. Pearce, Scott McGill Nelson, Leda ChatziTanja G. VrijkottePolina V. PopovaJohn P. WalshKypros H. NicolaidesEila SuvantoXuemian LuVictor J.M. PopJulie Lyng FormanTim I.M. KorevaarUlla Feldt-Rasmussen. (2022) Association of Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies and Thyroglobulin Antibodies with Thyroid Function in Pregnancy: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. Thyroid 32:7, pages 828-840.
Crossref
Cristian M. Slough & Gregory W. Randolph. 2021. Endocrine Surgery Comprehensive Board Exam Guide. Endocrine Surgery Comprehensive Board Exam Guide 3 31 .
F. D’Aurizio, P. Metus, A. Ferrari, B. Caruso, R. Castello, D. Villalta, A. Steffan, K. Gaspardo, F. Pesente, N. Bizzaro, E. Tonutti, S. Valverde, C. Cosma, M. Plebani & R. Tozzoli. (2017) Definition of the upper reference limit for thyroglobulin antibodies according to the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry guidelines: comparison of eleven different automated methods. Autoimmunity Highlights 8:1.
Crossref
Sofie Bliddal, Claus Henrik Nielsen & Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen. (2017) Recent advances in understanding autoimmune thyroid disease: the tallest tree in the forest of polyautoimmunity. F1000Research 6, pages 1776.
Crossref
Atieh AmouzegarMahmood BakhtiyariMohammad Ali MansourniaAli EtemadiLadan MehranMaryam TohidiFereidoun Azizi. (2016) Sex- and Age-Specific Reference Values and Cutoff Points for TPOAb: Tehran Thyroid Study. Thyroid 26:3, pages 458-465.
Crossref
YASEMIN KEMAL, GUZIN DEMIRAG, KUBILAY EKIZ & IDRIS YUCEL. (2015) Antithyroid peroxidase antibody positivity is associated with lower incidence of metastasis in breast cancer. Molecular and Clinical Oncology 3:3, pages 629-632.
Crossref
Dong Wook Kim, Soo Jin Jung, Tae Kwun Ha, Ha Kyoung Park & Taewoo Kang. (2014) Comparative Study of Ultrasound and Computed Tomography for Incidentally Detecting Diffuse Thyroid Disease. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 40:8, pages 1778-1784.
Crossref
Myung Ho Rho & Dong Wook Kim. (2014) Computed Tomography Features of Incidentally Detected Diffuse Thyroid Disease. International Journal of Endocrinology 2014, pages 1-6.
Crossref
C. Massart & M. d’Herbomez. (2013) Autoanticorps des maladies auto-immunes de la thyroïde. Indications des dosages. EMC - Biologie Médicale 8:1, pages 1-10.
Crossref
Alireza Morovat. 2013. Hormone Assays in Biological Fluids. Hormone Assays in Biological Fluids 75 104 .
Myung Ho Rho, Dong Wook Kim, Hyun Pyo Hong, Young Mi Park, Min Jeong Kwon, Soo Jin Jung, Young Wook Kim & Taewoo Kang. (2012) Diagnostic value of antithyroid peroxidase antibody for incidental autoimmune thyroiditis based on histopathologic results. Endocrine 42:3, pages 647-652.
Crossref
D. A. Chistiakov, E. I. Chistiakova, N. V. Voronova, R. I. Turakulov & K. V. Savost’anov. (2011) A Variant of the Il2ra / Cd25 Gene Predisposing to Graves’ Disease is Associated with Increased Levels of Soluble Interleukin‐2 Receptor. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 74:5, pages 496-501.
Crossref
Emmy van den Boogaard, Rosa Vissenberg, Jolande A. Land, Madelon van Wely, Joris A.M. van der Post, Mariette Goddijn & Peter H. Bisschop. (2011) Significance of (sub)clinical thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity before conception and in early pregnancy: a systematic review. Human Reproduction Update 17:5, pages 605-619.
Crossref
Dimitry A. Chistiakov, Natalia V. Voronova, Rust I. Turakulov & Kirill V. Savost’anov. (2010) The −112G > A polymorphism of the secretoglobin 3A2 (SCGB3A2) gene encoding uteroglobin-related protein 1 (UGRP1) increases risk for the development of Graves’ disease in subsets of patients with elevated levels of immunoglobulin E. Journal of Applied Genetics 52:2, pages 201-207.
Crossref
Kyoung Soo ShinLa-He JearnThink-You Kim. (2011) Comparison of Particle Agglutination Assay and ELISA for Anti-thyroid Autoantibodies. Laboratory Medicine Online 1:1, pages 35.
Crossref
Tina Z Belsing, Charlotte Tofteng, Bente L Langdahl, Peder Charles & Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen. (2010) Can bone loss be reversed by antithyroid drug therapy in premenopausal women with Graves' disease?. Nutrition & Metabolism 7:1.
Crossref
Olgica Vrndic, Snezana Zivancevic-Simonovic, Ljiljana Dimitrijevic, Aleksandar Djukic & Nebojsa Arsenijevic. (2010) Correlation of sera concentra tions of thyroperoxidase a utoantibodies measured by two radioimmunoassays. Medicinski pregled Medical review 63:1-2, pages 104-108.
Crossref
R. A. Ajjan & A. P. Weetman. 2010. Thyroid Function Testing. Thyroid Function Testing 109 124 .
Inge Bülow Pedersen & Peter Laurberg. 2009. Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine. Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine 575 585 .
Reagan Schiefer & Vahab Fatourechi. 2008. Thyroid Disorders with Cutaneous Manifestations. Thyroid Disorders with Cutaneous Manifestations 23 36 .
Sonia L. La'ulu, Patricia R. Slev & William L. Roberts. (2007) Performance characteristics of 5 automated thyroglobulin autoantibody and thyroid peroxidase autoantibody assays. Clinica Chimica Acta 376:1-2, pages 88-95.
Crossref
Najdana Gligorovic. (2006) Markers of thyroid autoimmunity. Jugoslovenska medicinska biohemija 25:4, pages 373-379.
Crossref
Najdana Gligorovic. (2006) Markers of thyroid autoimmunity. Jugoslovenska medicinska biohemija 25:4, pages 373-379.
Crossref
Renato Tozzoli, Danilo Villalta, Graziano Kodermaz, Marcello Bagnasco, Elio Tonutti & Nicola Bizzaro. (2006) Autoantibody profiling of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease using a new multiplexed immunoassay method. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 44:7.
Crossref
Mireille Izembart. (2006) Anticorps antiperoxydase. EMC - Biologie Médicale 1:1, pages 1-3.
Crossref
D.A. Chistiakov, K.V. Savost’anov & R.I. Turakulov. (2004) Screening of SNPs at 18 positional candidate genes, located within the GD-1 locus on chromosome 14q23–q32, for susceptibility to Graves’ disease: a TDT study. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 83:3, pages 264-270.
Crossref
T. Zimmermann-Belsing, A. Juul, J. Juul Holst & U. Feldt-Rasmussen. (2004) The insulin-like growth axis in patients with autoimmune thyrotoxicosis: effect of antithyroid drug treatment. Growth Hormone & IGF Research 14:3, pages 235-244.
Crossref
Rémy Sapin, Michèle d'Herbomez, Françoise Gasser, Laurent Meyer & Jean-Louis Schlienger. (2003) Increased sensitivity of a new assay for anti-thyroglobulin antibody detection in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Clinical Biochemistry 36:8, pages 611-616.
Crossref
. (2003) References. Thyroid 13:1, pages 104-126.
Crossref
Inge Bülow Pedersen, Nils Knudsen, Torben Jørgensen, Hans Perrild, Lars Ovesen & Peter Laurberg. (2003) Thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin autoantibodies in a large survey of populations with mild and moderate iodine deficiency. Clinical Endocrinology 58:1, pages 36-42.
Crossref
T. Zimmermann-Belsing, U. Feldt-Rasmussen & H. Fledelius. (2018) Ultrasound Measurement of the Horizontal External Eye Muscles in Patients with Thyroid Disease. is Orbital Involvement Associated with Thyroid Autoantibodies?. European Journal of Ophthalmology 12:5, pages 351-358.
Crossref
Teresa S. Kasamatsu, Rui M.B. Maciel & José Gilberto H. Vieira. (2002) Desenvolvimento e Validação de Um Método Imunofluorométrico Para a Pesquisa de Anticorpos Antiperoxidase Tiroidiana no Soro. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 46:2, pages 167-172.
Crossref
Renato Tozzoli, Nicola Bizzaro, Elio Tonutti, Marco Pradella, Fabio Manoni, Danilo Vilalta, Danila Bassetti, Anna Piazza & Paolo Rizzotti. (2002) Immunoassay of Anti-Thyroid Autoantibodies: High Analytical Variability in Second Generation Methods. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 40:6.
Crossref
S Charles, JR Jourdain, R Filloux, F Vitaux & N Colas-Linhart. (2000) Le dosage des anti-TPOn peut-il se faire en simple sans affecter la qualité diagnostique du dosage ?. Immuno-analyse & Biologie Spécialisée 15:5, pages 362-365.
Crossref
Michèle d'Herbomez, Rémy Sapin, Françoise Gasser, Jean Louis Schlienger & Jean Louis Wémeau. (2000) Concordance of Eight Kits for Antithyroid Peroxidase Autoantibodies Determination. cclm 38:6, pages 561-566.
Crossref
Nils Knudsen, Torben Jørgensen, Susanne Rasmussen, Erik Christiansen & Hans Perrild. (2001) The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in a population with borderline iodine deficiency. Clinical Endocrinology 51:3, pages 361-367.
Crossref
M Izembart, C Férrière, A Chevalier, G Baillet, A Léger, L Barritault & J Clerc. (1999) Anticorps antiperoxydase: Comparaison des réponses obtenues avec douze coffrets dans des cas ambigus. Immuno-analyse & Biologie Spécialisée 14:5, pages 330-334.
Crossref
J.R. Jourdain, N Colas-Linhart, P Marcellin & B Bok. (1997) Exploration biologique des dysthyroïdies survenant sous interféron: intérêt du suivi des concentrations plasmatiques de TSH et des autoanticorps anti-TPO et anti-Tg. Immuno-analyse & Biologie Spécialisée 12:6, pages 325-330.
Crossref
KANJI KASAGI, TADAKO KOUSAKA, KAYOKO HIGUCHI, YASUHIRO IIDA, TAKASHI MISAKI, MOHAMMAD S. ALAM, SHINICHI MIYAMOTO, HIROHIKO YAMABE & JUNJI KONISHI. (1996) Clinical Significance of Measurements of Antithyroid Antibodies in the Diagnosis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Comparison with Histological Findings. Thyroid 6:5, pages 445-450.
Crossref
M. Ottesen, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen, J. Andersen, E. Hippe & A. Schouboe. (2014) Thyroid function and autoimmunity in pernicious anemia before and during cyanocobalamin treatment. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 18:2, pages 91-97.
Crossref
M. Knobel, M. F. Barca, F. Pedrinola & G. Medeiros-Neto. (2014) Prevalence of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroid disorders in a relatively low-iodine environment. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 17:11, pages 837-842.
Crossref
C. F. Verge, N. J. Howard, M. J. Rowley, I. R. Mackay, P. Z. Zimmet, M. Egan, H. Hulinska, I. Hulinsky, R. A. Silvestrini, S. Kamath, A. Sharp, T. Arundel & M. Silink. (1994) Anti-glutamate decarboxylase and other antibodies at the onset of childhood IDDM: a population-based study. Diabetologia 37:11, pages 1113-1120.
Crossref
SIRKKA KONTIAINEN, LIISA MELAMIES, AARO MIETTINEN & TEDDY WEBER. (1994) Thyroid autoantibodies in serum samples with abnormal TSH levels. APMIS 102:7-12, pages 716-720.
Crossref
H. Engler, W.F. Riesen & B. Keller. (1994) Anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies in thyroid diseases, non-thyroidal illness and controls. Clinical validity of a new commercial method for detection of anti-TPO (thyroid microsomal) autoantibodies. Clinica Chimica Acta 225:2, pages 123-136.
Crossref
Per Boye Hansen, Hans E. Johnsen & Erik Hippe. (2009) Autoimmune hypothyroidism and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor. European Journal of Haematology 50:3, pages 183-184.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.